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Assertions on Satellite Motion and Gravity

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Sophia Thangluah
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9 views6 pages

Assertions on Satellite Motion and Gravity

SSC

Uploaded by

Sophia Thangluah
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Assertion and Reason

Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is followed by a


corresponding statement of Reason. Of the following statements, choose the correct one.

1. Assertion: The force of attraction between a hollow spherical shell of uniform density and a
point mass situated outside is just as if the entire mass of the shell is concentrated at the centre
of the shell.
Reason: Gravitational force caused by various regions of the shell have components along the
line joining the point mass to the centre as well as along a direction perpendicular to this line.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

2. Assertion: The force of attraction due to a hollow spherical shell of uniform density, on a point
mass situated inside it is zero.
Reason: Various region of the spherical shell attract the point mass inside it in various
directions. These forces cancel each other completely.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

3. Assertion: As we go up the surface of the earth, we feel light weighed than on the surface of the
earth.
Reason: The acceleration due to gravity decreases on going up above the surface of the earth.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

4. Assertion: The escape speed for the moon is 2.3km-1 which is five times smaller than that for
the earth.
Reason: The escape speed depends on acceleration due to gravity on the moon and radius of
the moon and both of them are smaller than that of earth.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

5. Assertion: The velocity of the satellite decreases as its height above earth's surface increases
and is maximum near the surface of the earth.
Reason: The velocity of the satellite is inversely proportional to square root of its height above
earth's surface.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

6. Assertion: The total energy of the satellite is always negative irrespective of the nature of its
orbit, i.e. elliptical or circular and it cannot be positive or zero.
Reason: If the total energy is positive or zero, the satellite would leave its orbit.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

7. Assertion: The geo-stationary satellite goes around the earth in west-east direction.
Reason: Geo-stationary satellites orbits around the earth in the equatorial plane with T = 24 h
same as that of the rotation of the earth around its axis.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

8. Assertion: In the satellite, everything inside it is in a state of free fall.


Reason: Every part and parcel of the satellite has zero acceleration.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

9. Assertion: An object is weightless when it is in free fall and this phenomenon is called
weightlessness.
Reason: In free fall, there is no upward force acting on the object.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

II. Statement Based Questions


10. The scheme of motion put forward by Ptolemy in order to describe the observed motion of the
planets is that
I. the planets are moving in circles with the centre of the circles themselves moving in larger
circles.
II. the planets are moving in circles with the centre of circles themselves remaining stationary.
III. the planets are moving in an elliptical orbit with the centre of the ellipse moving in a circle.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) Only I
(b) Only II
(c) Only III
(d) None of these

11. I. All celestial objects, stars, the sun and the planets, revolve around the earth.
II. The only motion that was thought to be possible for celestial objects was motion in a circle.
III. The star, the earth and the planets, all revolve around the sun.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct for a geocentric model?
(a) Only I
(b) Only II
(c) Only III
(d) Both I and II

12. I. The planets revolve around the sun as its centre.


II. The planets revolves around the earth and earth revolve around the sun as its centre.
III. The sun revolves around the earth as its centre.
IV. The planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbit.
With reference to the 'heliocentric model of planetary motions, which of the given statement(s)
is/are correct?
(a) Only 1
(b) Only II
(c) Only III
(d) Only IV

13. I. The centripetal force is directed towards the centre of the earth.
II. The centripetal force is provided by the gravitational force.
III. The magnitude of the gravitational force acting on the satellite is
GmM e
Fgravitational = where Me is the
( R e +h)²
mass of the earth and it is same as centripetal force.
Which of the given statements is correct for the centripetal force required by the satellite to
remain in orbit?
(a) Only I
(b) Only II
(c) Both I and II
(d) I, II and III

14. The orbit of a geo-stationary satellite is circular. The time period of satellite depends on
I. mass of the satellite.
II. mass of the earth.
III. radius of the orbit.
IV. height of the satellite from the surface of the earth.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) Only I
(b) Both I and II
(c) I, II and III
(d) II, III and IV

15. If the mass of the sun were ten times smaller and the universal gravitational constants were ten
times larger in magnitude, which one of the following statement is incorrect?
NEET 2018
(a) Time period of a simple pendulum on the earth would decrease.
(b) Walking on the ground would become more difficult.
(c) Raindrops will fall faster.
(d) g on the earth will not change.

16. Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect?


(a) Acceleration due to gravity decreases with altitude.
(b) Acceleration due to gravity increases with increasing depth (assume the earth to be a
sphere of uniform density).
(c) Acceleration due to gravity increases with latitude.
(d) Acceleration due to gravity is independent of the mass of the object.

17. The radius and mass of earth are increased by 0.5%. Which one of the following statement is
incorrect at the surface of the earth?
(a) g will increase.
(b) g will decrease.
(c) Escape velocity will remain unchanged.
(d) Potential energy will remain unchanged.

18. Which one of the following statement(s) is/are correct?


(a) A polar satellite goes around the earth's pole in north-south direction.
(b) A geo-stationary satellite goes around the earth in east-west direction.
(c) A geostationary satellite goes around the earth in north-south direction.
(d) A polar satellite goes around the earth in east-west direction.

19. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about satellites?


(a) A satellite cannot move in a stable orbit in a plane passing through the earth's centre.
(b) Geo-stationary satellites are launched in the equatorial plane.
(c) We can use just one geostationary satellite for global communication around the globe.
(d) The speed of satellite increases with an increase in the radius of its orbit.

20. Which one of the following statement(s) is/are correct?


(a) The energy required to rocket an orbiting satellite out of earth's gravitational influence is
more than the energy required to project a stationary object at the same height (as the
satellite) out of earth's influence.
(b) If the potential energy is zero at infinity, the total energy of an orbiting satellite is negative
of potential energy.
(c) The first artificial satellite sputnik I was launched in the year 2001.
(d) The time period of rotation of the SYNCOMS (Synchronous communications satellite) is 24
h.

21. The earth is an approximate sphere. If the interior contained matter which is not of the same
density everywhere, then on the surface of the earth, the acceleration due to gravity
(a) will be directed towards the centre but not the same everywhere
(b) will have the same value everywhere but not directed towards the centre
(c) will be same everywhere in magnitude directed towards the centre
(d) Cannot be zero at any point
22. As observed from the earth, the sun appears to move in an approximate circular orbit. For the
motion of another planet like mercury as observed from the earth, this would
(a) be similarly true
(b) not be true because the force between the earth and mercury is not inverse square law
(c) not be true because the major gravitational force on mercury is due to the sun
(d) not be true because mercury is influenced by forces other than gravitational forces

23. Different points in the earth are at slightly different distances from the sun and hence
experience different forces due to gravitation. For a rigid body, we know that if various forces
act at various points in it, the resultant motion is as if a net force acts on the CM (centre of mass)
causing translation and a net torque at the CM causing rotation around an axis through the CM.
For the earth-sun system (approximating the earth as a uniform density sphere),
(a) the torque is zero
(b) the torque causes the earth to spin
(c) the rigid body result is not applicable since the earth is not even approximately a rigid body
(d) the torque causes the earth to move around the sun.

24. Satellites orbiting earth have finite life and sometimes debris of satellites fall to the earth. This
is because broken part of satellite
(a) solar cells and batteries in satellites run out
(b) laws of gravitation predict a trajectory spiralling inwards
(c) of viscous forces causing the speed of satellite and hence height to gradually decrease
(d) of collisions with other satellites.

25. Both the earth and the moon are subject to the gravitational force of the sun. As observed from
the sun, the orbit of the moon
(a) will be elliptical
(b) will not be strictly elliptical because the total gravitational force on it is not central
(c) is not elliptical but will necessarily be a closed curve
(d) deviates considerably from being elliptical due to influence of planets other than the earth

26. In our solar system, the inter-planetary region has chunks of matter (much smaller in size
compared to planets) called asteroids. They
(a) will not move around the sun, since they have very small masses compared to the sun
(b) will move in an irregular way because of their small masses and will drift away into outer
space
(c) will move around the sun in closed orbits but not obey Kepler's laws
(d) will move in orbits like planets and obey Kepler's laws

27. Choose the incorrect option.


(a) Inertial mass is a measure of difficulty of accelerating a body by an external force whereas
the gravitational mass is relevant in determining the gravitational force on it by an external
mass.
(b) The gravitational mass and inertial mass are equal is an experimental result.
(c) The acceleration due to gravity on the earth is same for all bodies is due to the equality of
gravitational mass and inertial mass.
(d) Gravitational mass of a particle like proton can depend on the presence of neighbouring
heavy objects but the inertial mass cannot.

28. The centre of mass of an extended body on the surface of the earth and its centre of gravity
(a) are always at the same point for any size of the body
(b) are always at the same point only for spherical bodies
(c) can never be at the same point
(d) is close to each other for objects, say of sizes less than 100 m

Common questions

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The force of attraction between a hollow spherical shell of uniform density and a point mass situated outside the shell acts as if the entire mass of the shell is concentrated at the center. This is due to the fact that gravitational forces exerted by different regions of the shell can be considered to have components both along the line joining the point mass and the center, as well as perpendicular to this line, but the resultant force behaves as if it is from the center .

The heliocentric model of planetary motion is characterized by the planets revolving around the Sun in elliptical orbits with the Sun positioned at one of the foci of the ellipse. This model counters the geocentric view by placing the Sun at the center and provides a more accurate representation of celestial mechanics .

The gravitational force acts as the centripetal force needed for satellites to remain in orbit. It provides the necessary inward force that keeps satellites in a stable orbit around Earth, preventing them from flying off into space .

The total energy of a satellite being always negative implies the satellite has a bound orbit, meaning it is gravitationally bound to the Earth or celestial body it orbits. If the energy were zero or positive, it would mean the satellite has sufficient energy to escape its orbit, indicating instability .

The Ptolemaic model of planetary motion describes planets as moving in circles whose centers themselves move in larger circles around the Earth. The fundamental premise is that planets move in a combination of these circular motions, fitting the observable movements while maintaining a geocentric perspective .

A satellite experiences weightlessness in free fall because all parts of the satellite and its contents are accelerating uniformly with the gravitational pull. There is no differential force acting upon separate parts, leading to an experience of weightlessness as there is no supporting force exerted by a surface against gravitational force .

A single geostationary satellite cannot achieve global communication coverage because its coverage area is limited to a portion of the Earth's surface directly below it. The geostationary orbit, while it provides a constant positional reference for Earth-based antennas, only covers about one-third of the globe at any time, necessitating multiple satellites to achieve full Earth communication coverage .

The decrease in gravitational acceleration with altitude above Earth's surface means that objects weigh less as they move away from the surface. This results in a decrease of the gravitational force experienced by objects, crucial for understanding satellite orbits and high-altitude flight dynamics .

The escape speed for the Moon is much lower than for Earth primarily because the Moon's acceleration due to gravity and its radius are both smaller than Earth's. Therefore, the gravitational pull on the Moon is weaker, requiring less speed to escape from its gravitational influence .

An increase in both Earth's mass and radius by 0.5% results in changes where the gravitational acceleration 'g' at the surface will not remain unchanged due to the proportional relationship between mass and gravity, as well as the inverse relationship with the square of radius. As a result, 'g' will likely decrease since the increase in radius tends to have a slightly greater effect proportional to its effect on gravitational pull .

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