HCMC University of Technology and Education
Department: Environmental Technology
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT SYSTEM
Lecturer: Dr. My Linh Nguyen
Email: linhnm@[Link]
Chapter 3
Physical Unit
Processes
PHYSICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
The main aim of physical treatment process in a
water treatment system is to protect the main
treatment systems from possible damage or
clogging. Various processes are used to remove
large floating and suspended material.
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SCREENING
Objective
• To remove large objects such as rags, paper,
plastics, metals, and the like. These objects, if
not removed, may damage the pumping and
sludge removal equipment, hang-over weirs,
and block valves, nozzles, channels, pipelines,
and appurtenances .
• First unit operation used at wastewater
treatment plants.
Type of screens
• Coarse screens: used primarily as protective devices, e.g., bar
racks (or screens), coarse woven-wire screens, and comminutors
• Fine screens: openings of < 2.3~6 mm (< 0.1~0.25 inch); used
to provide pretreatment or primary treatment
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SCREENING
Typical screening devices
Rotary drum
Inclined fixed screen screen
Centrifugal
screen
Rotary disk screen
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SCREENING
Typical screening devices
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SCREENING DESIGN GUIDELINES
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Hydraulic losses through bar screens are a function of approach
velocity and the velocity through the bars. The headloss through
coarse screens can be estimated as follows:
4 Va h
w 3 2
V
h = sin
a
b 2g
h = tổn thất áp lực (m)
w = độ rộng cực đại của thanh chắn rác (mm)
b = Khe hở tối thiểu của song chắn rác (mm)
Va = tốc độ dòng thải đến gần songchắn rác (m/s)
g = gia tốc trọng trường (m/s)
= hệ số phụ thuộc vào hình dáng của thanh chắn ( hình vuông, chữ
nhật…)
= góc nghiêng đặt thanh chắn rác ( thông thường = 300)
Hình dáng thanh chắn rác
Hình chữ nhật cạnh sắc 2.42
Hình chữ nhật với bề bán nguyệt 1.83
Hình tròn 1.79
Hình chữ nhật
với bề mặt phía dòng chảy tới và dòng ra hình bán nguyệt 1,67
Dạng giọt lệ 0.76
SCREENING DESIGN GUIDELINES
Tính tốc độ (V) qua song chắn rác khi tốc độ (v) của nước thải tới song chắn
rác là 0,60 m/s và tổn thất áp lực đo được là 38 mm
v
h1 V h2
V 2 − v2 1 V 2 − v2
h = h1 − h2 = h=
2gC 2 0,7
2g
Trong đó h2 = độ sâu phía trên dòng chảy, m
h1 = độ sâu phía dưới dòng chảy,m
h = tổn thất áp lực, m
V = tốc độ dòng chảy qua thanh chắn rác, m/s
v = tốc độ dòng chảy tới song chắn rác, m/s
g = gia tốc trọng trường, 9,81m.s2
C = hệ số thải, giá trị điển hình của C = 0,84, C2 = 0,74
GRIT REMOVAL
• In most sewerage plant, considerable
amount of sand and grit are transported to
the wastewater treatment plant. These
materials arise from roads and other paved
areas. These two should be removed earlier
in order to prevent damage on the pumps
and other mechanical equipment.
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EQUALIZATION TANK
• Flow equalization tanks are designed to buffer
flows to a wastewater treatment plant with
variations in influent flow due to diurnal variation
and wet weather events.
• Mixing is required in these basins to maintain
solids in suspension, preventing deposition and
equalizing load to the treatment plant.
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EQUALIZATION TANK
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PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION
• The objective of treatment by sedimentation is to remove readily settleable solids and
floating material found in wastewater and thus reduce the suspended solids content.
• Primary sedimentation is typically the first step in the further processing of the
wastewater following the removal of coarse solids and grit.
• Efficiently designed and operated, from 50 - 70 % of the suspended solids and from 25
- 40 %of the BOD can be removed by primary sedimentation tanks.
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PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION
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PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION
Horizontal velocities should be kept low so that settling
particles are not scoured from the bottom of the basin
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PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION
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PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION
Velocity inside pipe : 0.3 m/s
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PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION
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Wastewater Treatment System
DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF)
• Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a water treatment process that
clarifies wastewaters (or other waters) by the removal of suspended
matter such as oil or solids. The removal is achieved by dissolving
air in the water or wastewater under pressure and then releasing the
air at atmospheric pressure in a flotation tank basin. The released
air forms tiny bubbles which adhere to the suspended matter
causing the suspended matter to float to the surface of the water
where it may then be removed by a skimming device
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DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF)
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DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF)
rường mình đòi cái sp cho gv dạy cao đẳng đh
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DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF)
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DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF)
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DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF)
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DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF)
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DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF)
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DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF)
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DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF)
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