COLLECTED QUESTIONS FROM ALL PHOs
collected by @fijiks
PROBLEMS SELECTED BY PROF JAAN KALDA
PROBLEMS SELECTED BY PHYSOLY WEBSITE
Mechanics (including celestial mechanics)
Selected by PROF JAAN KALDA
From International Physics Olympiads (IPhO):
• IPhO-1982-Pr2: Excellent problem on physical pendulum.
• IPhO-1984-Pr2: Open-ended problem on oscillations dealing
with an interesting natural phenomenon (seiches).
• IPhO-1985-Pr3: Problem on Kepler’s laws with real practical
significance.
• IPhO-1988-Pr2: Physics of Maxwell’s disc (note: the figure
illustrating question 4 is disorienting and the respective official
solution is wrong; assuming a long rope, a correct solution is
reasonably simple).
• IPhO-1989-Pr2: Short problem on planetary dynamics requir-
ing mathematical insight.
• IPhO-1990-Pr3: Excellent short problem on rotational dynam-
ics requiring insight, but note: official solution oversimplifies
ellipticity calculations and you need to do the same (calculat-
ing the gravity field of an elliptical body is too mathematical;
ignoring this effect gives correct order of magnitude, though).
• IPhO-1991-Pr1: Teaches basics of collision of bodies.
• IPhO-1992-Pr2: Coupled oscillators in a physically meaningful
context.
• IPhO-1997-Pr1-Q5: Problem on scaling laws; note: this prob-
lem was also on the Physics Olympiad of the Soviet Union-1978.
• IPhO-1998-Pr1: Neat analysis of a rolling pencil.
• IPhO-2000-Pr1-Q1: Straightforward physically, but teaching
useful technical skills (tailoring solutions).
• IPhO-2012-Pr1-Part-A: Tests physical and mathematical in-
sight (about ballistic motion).
1
• IPhO-2014-Pr1-Part-A: Problem on a non-standard conserva-
tion law of a momentum-like quantity.
• IPhO-2019-Pr1: How a slinky falls - very nice physics!
From Asian Physics Olympiads (APhO):
• APhO-2005-Pr1-Part-B: Shows how to make use of the sep-
aration of fast and slow processes, and models reasonably a
real-life situation (swinging).
• APhO-2010-Pr1-Part-A: Learn about inelastic scattering on
composite particles (the linked text is heavily modified to make
it clearer).
• APhO-2010-Pr1-Part-B: Shows how to make use of a superpo-
sition of linear waves.
• APhO-2011-Pr2: A nice model of a real-life problem (creaking
door).
• APhO-2011-Pr3: A (relatively) simple model of phase transi-
tion (for a birthday balloon); tests your physical insight.
• APhO-2016-Pr1: Conceptually not a really difficult problem,
but you can polish your technical skills (using vector algebra
you can find shorter-than-official solutions).
• APhO-2017-Pr2: A nice problem on celestial dynamics - con-
ceptually not too challenging.
From Physics Cup:
• Physics Cup 2012 - Pr1: A tricky problem on Kepler’s laws.
• Physics Cup 2012 - Pr4: Will test your physical and mathe-
matical insight, including vector analysis (dynamics).
• Physics Cup 2019 - Pr3: A simple-for-Physics-Cup problem on
parabolic trajectories.
From Estonian-Finnish Olympiads:
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• Est-Fin-2003-Pr5: Separation of fast and slow processes (vi-
brating surface).
• Est-Fin-2005-Pr3: Tests your understanding of Kepler’s laws
in several ways.
• Est-Fin-2005-Pr4: Polishing skills in hydrodynamics (centrifu-
gal pump).
• Est-Fin-2006-Pr5: Tests insight when dealing with pressure
forces (air-filled bag).
• Est-Fin-2006-Pr6: Geometrical approach to static equilibrium
problems.
• Est-Fin-2007-Pr2: Linear stability analysis for a slightly tricky
geometry (stressed elastic rod).
• Est-Fin-2009-Pr7: Develops model building and qualitative es-
timation skills (breaking soap film).
• Est-Fin-2011-Pr6: Very similar to the APhO-2011 Pr2 (violin
vs creaking door).
• Est-Fin-2012-Pr1: A many-part problem testing understanding
of planetary dynamics, skills in kinematics, and separation of
long and short time-scales.
• Est-Fin-2014-Pr6: Tests physical insight (kinematics).
• Est-Fin-2015-Pr4: Problem on optimal Keplerian trajectories.
• Est-Fin-2016-Pr1: About fuel consumption and interpreting
graphs.
From National Physics Olympiads (NBPhO):
• NBPhO-2017-Pr2: Yet another problem on Kepler laws.
• NBPhO-2018-Pr1: Planetary motion NOT on Kepler laws - a
surprising 3-body system.
• NBPhO-2019-Pr1: An optimization task with Kepler laws.
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From German Physics Olympiads (GPhO):
• GPhO-2016-Pr1BC: You can get some insight into tightrope
walking + learn about Kapitza’s pendulum.
• GPhO-2017-Pr2: A fairly tricky problem with a water-filled
tube.
• GPhO-2019-Pr1C: Only in case you still hadn’t had enough
problems on Kepler’s laws.
• GPhO-2019-Pr3B: About Rayleigh-Taylor instability which has
an important role to play in physics.
From European Physics Olympiads (EuPhO):
• EuPhO-2017-Pr1,7: Pr1 is about natural modes of a hanging
rope; Pr 5 is a nice dynamics problem with collisions.
• EuPhO-2018-Pr1: Very classically-looking but not-so-easy prob-
lem.
• EuPhO-2019-Pr3 - about the shape of water stream coming out
from a water hose.
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Electromagnetism
From International Physics Olympiads (IPhO):
• IPhO-1985-Pr2: Quite straightforward problem, but you’ll learn
what the Hall effect is.
• IPhO-1987-Pr3: This simple model of waveguides tests your
skills of dealing with AC and building electro-mechanical equiv-
alence.
• IPhO-1993-Pr1: A problem testing your insight in electrostat-
ics and making use of the characteristic time scales (RC).
• IPhO-1994-Pr2: A nice problem dealing with currents in su-
perconducting circuits.
• IPhO-1996-Pr1-Q5: Teaches useful tricks with the superposi-
tion principle (Ampere’s law).
• IPhO-1996-Pr2: Teaches how to deal with unusual conservation
laws (generalized angular momentum).
• IPhO-2000-Pr2: An excellent problem on the motion of charged
particles in electric and magnetic fields.
• IPhO-2002-Pr2: Teaches dealing with current densities, vector
analysis, and superposition principle.
• IPhO-2004-Pr1: Tests your understanding of electrostatics (ping-
ponging disc inside a capacitor).
• IPhO-2011-Pr3: Scattering of an ion by an atom.
• IPhO-2012-Pr1-Part-C: Dealing with magnetic fields in the pres-
ence of superconductors.
• IPhO-2012-Pr2: Tests your understanding of electrostatics (Kelvin
water dropper).
• IPhO-2014-Pr1-Part-C: A useful exercise on an LC-circuit with
two degrees of freedom.
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• IPhO-2016-Pr2: A very nice problem on nonlinear voltage os-
cillations.
From Asian Physics Olympiads (APhO):
• APhO-2001-Pr2: A problem on the generalized momentum of
charged particles with an emphasis on vector analysis.
• APhO-2009-Pr2: A problem on magnetic dynamo and linear
instability.
• APhO-2011-Pr1: A nice problem testing your insight in elec-
trodynamics (Shockley-James Paradox).
• APhO-2013-Pr1: Electrical imaging in cylindrical geometry.
• APhO-2017-Pr1: A very nice problem related to electromag-
netism.
• APhO-2018-Pr1: A problem with many subquestions covering
various electromagnetism concepts.
• APhO-2019-Pr1: How polarizability is related to the added
mass.
• APhO-2019-Pr4: Yet another infinite grid of resistors.
• APhO-2020-Pr0: A problem on sheet resistance.
From Physics Cup:
• Physics Cup 2012 - Pr2: Teaches how to calculate the magnetic
fields in the presence of ferromagnetic materials.
• Physics Cup 2012 - Pr5: Calculation of natural frequencies
while making use of the separation of time scales.
• Physics Cup 2012 - Pr6: A nice problem covering electrical
imaging, electrostatic pressure, and electrostatic energy.
• Physics Cup WoPhO-2013 - Pr5(10): Dealing with magnetic
fields in the presence of superconductors.
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• Physics Cup 2017 - Pr1: A really tough problem on electro-
statics.
• Physics Cup 2017 - Pr2: A tough problem on electric circuits.
• Physics Cup 2018 - Pr1: Infinite resistor lattices revisited.
• Physics Cup 2018 - Pr3: A challenging task on magnetostatics.
• Physics Cup 2019 - Pr1: How polarizability is related to the
added mass.
• Physics Cup 2019 - Pr4: Yet another infinite grid of resistors.
• Physics Cup 2020 - Pr0: A problem on sheet resistance.
From Estonian-Finnish Olympiads:
• Est-Fin-2006-Pr7: Tests your basic knowledge of cyclotron mo-
tion and ability of making appropriate approximations.
• Est-Fin-2007-Pr3: Teaches about time focusing.
• Est-Fin-2010-Pr1: A useful exercise on using optimal reference
frames.
• Est-Fin-2012-Pr7: A non-trivial problem on Ampere’s force.
• Est-Fin-2014-Pr1: Tests your understanding of circuits con-
taining L and C in various ways.
• Est-Fin-2015-Pr9: A useful exercise on coupled solenoids and
mutual inductance.
• Est-Fin-2016-Pr4: How dimmer works?
From National Physics Olympiads (NBPhO):
• NBPhO-2017-Pr7: A tricky problem with zener diode in AC
circuit.
• NBPhO-2018-Pr5,7: Pr 5: Colliding magnetic balls in B-field -
last task is fairly tricky; Pr 7: A challenging AC circuit prob-
lem.
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From German Physics Olympiads (GPhO):
• GPhO-2016-Pr2: A simple approach to gravitational waves and
LIGO experiments.
• GPhO-2016-Pr3: Teaches about strong magnetic fields.
• GPhO-2017-Pr3: A challenging problem about acceleration of
charged particles with shock waves.
• GPhO-2019-Pr2Biii,iv: A little bit about TOKAMAK project.
From European Physics Olympiads (EuPhO):
• EuPhO-2017-Pr3: Learn how a piece of superconductor can
slide along magnetic rails.
• EuPhO-2018-Pr2: Boiling water using a solenoid.
• EuPhO-2019-Pr2: A rolling charged ball in magnetic field.
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Thermodynamics
From International Physics Olympiads (IPhO):
• IPhO-1987-Pr1: Not too tricky problem teaching nice physics
(raining).
• IPhO-1992-Pr2: A solid problem on heat radiation with real-
life implications (satellite in sunlight).
• IPhO-1996-Pr1-Part-d: A small but useful exercise (triple-wall-
thermos).
• IPhO-1998-Pr2: A problem dealing with the basics of mechan-
ics and thermodynamics (ice flow and melting).
• IPhO-2008-Pr3: With a mathematical emphasis and with a
prescribed approach, but teaching important atmospheric physics
(adiabatic atmosphere).
• IPhO-2010-Pr2: A nice problem on chimney physics.
• IPhO-2012-Pr1-Part-B: Tests your insight into the physics of
gas flows.
• IPhO-2012-Pr3-Q4 and 6: Tests your understanding of the 1st
law of thermodynamics and adiabatic processes.
• IPhO-2014-Pr1-Part-B: Somewhat artificial and non-realistic
setup, but still a valid exercise on a polytropic process.
From Asian Physics Olympiads (APhO):
• APhO-2007-Pr3-Task-A: Quite mathematical, but teaches you
that the conduction electrons do not form an ideal gas.
• APhO-2010-Pr3-PartB: Somewhat mathematical, but with a
nice physics (sonoluminescence).
• APhO-2014-Pr1: An excellent problem on atmospheric circu-
lation.
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• APhO-2018-Pr3: A problem with too many simple subques-
tions, but dealing with an interesting phenomenon - thermo-
electric effect.
From Physics Cup:
• Physics Cup 2012 - Pr3: Teaches the basics of kinematic theory
of gases.
• Physics Cup WoPhO-2013 - Pr4(9): A challenging problem on
the laws of thermodynamics.
• Physics Cup 2017 - Pr3: With this problem, you can get some
insight into adiabatic processes.
• Physics Cup 2018 - Pr5: Black sphere: mean free path in vac-
uum - a really difficult problem.
• Physics Cup 2019 - Pr2: A simple-for-Physics-Cup problem on
the 2nd law of thermodynamics.
From Estonian-Finnish Olympiads:
• Est-Fin-2004-Pr7: On Bernoulli’s law and heat balance (passive
air cooling).
• Est-Fin-2005-Pr7: Physics of the ventilation system of a zero-
energy house.
• Est-Fin-2006-Pr1: On humidity and mixing of cold and hot air.
• Est-Fin-2008-Pr7: A simplified version of the Pr3 from IPhO-
2008 (rising smoke).
• Est-Fin-2010-Pr2: Somewhat similar to IPhO-1996-Pr1-Part-
d, but with a trickier geometry (thermos bottle).
• Est-Fin-2011-Pr8: A tricky problem on heat conduction.
• Est-Fin-2013-Pr7: An ordinary problem on heat radiation, but
with a useful conclusion.
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From National Physics Olympiads (NBPhO):
• NBPhO-2018-Pr8: A small exercise with pressure work and
energy balance.
• NBPhO-2019-Pr6: Thermodynamics of a self-gravitating gas
cloud.
From German Physics Olympiads (GPhO):
• GPhO-2019-Pr2D: About inertial confinement fusion project.
From European Physics Olympiads (EuPhO):
• EuPhO-2017-Pr2: To polish your skills in kinetic theory of
gases.
• EuPhO-2018-Pr3: A really challenging problem on surface en-
ergy.
• EuPhO-2019-Pr1: About the formation of ice pellets.
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Wave Optics and Quantum Mechanics
From International Physics Olympiads (IPhO):
• IPhO-1990-Pr1-PartD: The basics of Bragg reflection.
• IPhO-1993-Pr3: Teaches several important concepts and tech-
niques (electrostatic biprism).
• IPhO-2003-Pr3-PartB: A problem on radiation pressure.
• IPhO-2005-Pr3: A highlight on the basics of quantum mechan-
ics.
• IPhO-2006-Pr1: A Mach–Zehnder interferometer for neutrons.
From Asian Physics Olympiads (APhO):
• APhO-2010-Pr3-PartB: Somewhat similar application of the
uncertainty principle.
• APhO-2016-Pr3: Magnetic fields + quantum physics - about
superconductors.
From Physics Cup:
• Physics Cup 2012 - Pr3: Laser speckles pattern.
• Physics Cup WoPhO-2013 - Pr3(8): Bubbles in laser light.
• Physics Cup 2019 - Pr5: Echelle grating - a really difficult
problem.
From Estonian-Finnish Olympiads:
• Est-Fin-2003-Pr7: A challenging problem on diffraction.
• Est-Fin-2004-Pr4: Tests your understanding of interference on
thin films.
• Est-Fin-2005-Pr5: On 2-dimensional interference patterns.
• Est-Fin-2015-Pr2: Physics of short light pulses.
• NBPhO-2018-Pr6: Another photon pressure problem.
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Relativity, Geometrical Optics, etc
From International Physics Olympiads (IPhO):
• IPhO-1984-Pr1: A relatively simple problem on geometrical
optics (mirage effect).
• IPhO-1994-Pr1: A nice problem on ultrarelativistic particles.
• IPhO-1995-Pr1-PartC: A small exercise on relativistic dynam-
ics.
• IPhO-1995-Pr2: A somewhat mathematical problem on geo-
metrical optics.
• IPhO-1998-Pr3: A simple relativistic analysis of a nice astro-
physical effect.
• IPhO-2003-Pr3-PartA: A challenging problem on relativistic
dynamics.
• IPhO-2016-Pr3: A good exercise on relativistic dynamics.
• IPhO-2018-Pr2: ATLAS detector - exercises on relativistic dy-
namics.
From Asian Physics Olympiads (APhO):
• APhO-2007-Pr1-PartA: A nice problem on negative coefficient
of refraction.
• APhO-2007-Pr3-PartB: An exercise for mastering relativistic
dynamics.
• APhO-2014-Pr3: On gravitational lenses.
From Physics Cup:
• Physics Cup 2012 - Pr7: A really challenging problem on geo-
metrical optics.
• Physics Cup 2012 - Pr9: On relativistic inelastic scattering.
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• Physics Cup 2017 - Pr4: Another challenging problem on geo-
metrical optics constructions.
• Physics Cup 2018 - Pr2: Relativistic space ships.
From Estonian-Finnish Olympiads:
• Est-Fin-2006-Pr2: Tests your insight to geometrical optics.
• Est-Fin-2012-Pr6: A problem about uranium decay and heat
balance.
• Est-Fin-2013-Pr9: Another problem for testing your skills in
geometrical optics.
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Physics Problems SELECTED BY [Link]
Kinematics
• NAME : MINIMISATION
• Problem Name: IPhO 2012 T1
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: Minimizing the path of a projectile moving through
a sphere.
Physics Cup 2012 P1
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 2
• Description: NA
Physics Cup 2019 P3
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 3
• Description: NA
EuPhO 2019 T3
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 1
• Description: NA
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Mechanics
• Problem Name: NBPhO 2019 P7
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 1
• Description: Dominoes on Stairs: Calculating the terminal
speed of falling dominos.
IPhO 2003 P1
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 4
• Length: 4
• Description: A Swing with a Falling Weight: Analysis of a
swing’s rotational motion in various situations
NBPhO 2017 P4
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 1
• Description: Gravitational Waves: Estimating locations of
binary black boles by modelling stress and strain
USAPhO 2018 B3
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 1
• Length: 2
• Description: Poynting–Robertson Effect: Developing a sim-
ple model for the time for Dust Particles to be cleared of orbit
16
INPhO 2020 P5
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: Bullet in a Rod: A relatively standard but good
practice for problems on rotational collision
CPhO 2018 P3
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 4
• Description: Rotating rod collision: Using conservation laws
and newton’s force equations to analyse the motion of a rod
under gravity when a projectile embeds in it
IPhO 1995 T3
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: Cylindrical Buoy: Modelling pertubations in a
buoy floating on sea-water
USAPhO 2019 B3
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: Pitfall: A good exercise using all areas of Clas-
sical mechanics to analyse the motion of a falling constrained
rod with masses at its ends
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APhO 2010 T1
• Rating: 1
• Difficulty: 1
• Length: 1
• Description: NA
GPhO 2016 T1
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: Stabilizing unstable states: A good exercise
on rotational motion and provides insight into the working of
Kapitza’s pendulum
USAPhO 2017 B1
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: Dominoes on Table : Toppling of dominoes; En-
ergy lost in collision; Propagation speed of falling Dominoes.
USAPhO 2017 A1
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 1
• Length: 1
• Description: Two Wedges : Statics problem on two Wedges.
Can be solved elegantly using geometry.
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EuPhO 2020 T2
• Rating: 4
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 1
• Description: NA
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Electricity & Magnetism
USAPhO 2012 B2
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: Magnetic Monopole: Generalizing Gauss’s Law
to apply on hypothetical magnetic monopoles. Introduces neat
techniques to calculate flux.
INPhO 2015 P2
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: Electrostatic Shielding: Understanding the na-
ture of electrostatic forces on uncharged spherical conductor by
point charges in various situations.
INPhO 2020 P2
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 1
• Length: 1
• Description: The Feynman Disk Paradox: Analogous to the
well-known disk paradox; Analyzes the torque produced due to
electromagnetic induction in charged cylinder.
20
CPhO 2018 P4
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 4
• Length: 4
• Description: Ioffe-Pritchard Magnetic Trap: Model of a fa-
mous magnetic trap used to trap atoms and uses calculation
of magnetic fields and binding energy requiring clever approx-
imation skills.
IPhO 2010 T1
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 3
• Description: Image Charges: An excellent problem for prac-
tice on image charges. The problem requires having clear fun-
damentals of electrostatics of conductors.
Physics Cup 2020 P1
• Rating: 1
• Difficulty: 1
• Length: 1
• Description: NA
Physics Cup 2017 P1
• Rating: 4
• Difficulty: 4
• Length: 4
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• Description: Interaction Force: Estimating the interaction
force between a point charge and a circular metallic disc kept far
away using differential form of Gauss’ Law and vector calculus
amongst other higher-order integration techniques.
INPhO 2011 P1
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: Electron Escaping a Wire: An excellent problem
describing the parameters in an electron escaping a wire. The
problem requires good knowledge of vector components and
fundamentals to solve.
IPhO 1994 P2
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 3
• Description: - NA
APhO 2012 T1
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 3
• Description: - NA
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Thermodynamics
USAPhO 2011 A4
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 1
• Length: 1
• Description: Stefan Boltzmann Law: Using a simplified model
of electromagnetic radiation and quantum mechanics to derive
the famous law.
INPhO 2013 P7
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 3
• Description: Brunt-Väisälä Frequency: Using a model of a
balloon in the atmosphere executing Brunt-Väisälä oscillations.
USAAO 2019 P7
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: Black Hole Physics: A nice stellar physics prob-
lem which provides a crude model of black holes using Chan-
drashekar limit and Hawking’s temperature.
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INPhO 2005 P11
• Rating: 4
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 3
• Description: Birth of a Star: Estimating the minimum mass a
gaseous hydrogen cloud contracting under gravity should have
to become a star taking into account Pauli’s electron degener-
acy pressure. Has many real-life applications.
IPhO 2014 T2
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 4
• Description: Van Der Waals: Analysis of non-ideal gas using
Van Der Waals model and application of different concepts like
surface tension using it.
IPhO 1997 T1
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: Mountain Physics: Analyzing the movement of
moist air masses moving on through a mountain.
IPhO 1992 T3
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
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• Description: Satellite in Sunshine: A brilliant mix of concep-
tual and calculative analysis on Planck’s radiation law and the
Stefan-Boltzmann’s law.
USAPhO 2019 A2
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: Green Revolution: Investigating a simple ther-
modynamic model for the conversion of solar energy into wind.
APhO 2012 T3
• Rating: 4
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 3
• Description: - NA
Physics Cup 2018 P5
• Rating: 4
• Difficulty: 5
• Length: 4
• Description: - NA
APhO 2010 T3
• Rating: 4
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 4
• Description: - NA
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IPhO 1989 T1
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 3
NBPhO 2014 T9
• Rating: 4
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 3
• Description: - NA
Waves & Optics
USAPhO 2018 B2
• Rating: 1
• Difficulty: 1
• Length: 1
• Description: Telescope Mirror: Using the Uncertainty Prin-
ciple to Estimate Size of Telescope to Observe Distant Stars
INPhO 2020 P4
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: Source in Circular Motion: A lovely problem
requiring detective-like casework on the various possibilities of
the position of wave detectors
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NBPhO 2012 P1
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: - NA
IPhO 1995 T2
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 3
• Description: - NA
IPhO 2015 T2(b)
• Rating: 4
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 2
• Description: - NA
Physics Cup 2012 P0
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 2
• Description: - NA
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NBPhO 2019 P5
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 2
• Length: 2
• Description: - NA
EuPhO 2020 T3
• Rating: 4
• Difficulty: 4
• Length: 3
• Description: - NA
Modern Physics & Relativity
USAPhO 2017 A4
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 1
• Length: 1
• Description: Relativistic Collision: Introduces a clever tech-
nique to model the collision between two subatomic particles
at relativistic speeds and also talks briefly about Cosmic Mi-
crowave Background Radiation.
INPhO 2020 P3
• Rating: 2
• Difficulty: 1
• Length: 2
• Description: Two-Electron Bohr Model: Creating a new Bohr
Model for a two-electron system revolving around a nucleus.
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Physics Cup 2012 P9
• Rating: 3
• Difficulty: 3
• Length: 3
• Description: Particle Collisions: A problem on an electron
that is given electrical power to collide with a positron to pro-
duce gamma rays.
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