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Windows API Reference Guide

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Windows API for developing desktop and server applications, detailing various categories such as user interface, data access, diagnostics, graphics, and networking. It highlights the capabilities of the API across different Windows versions and includes information on deprecated or legacy APIs. The document serves as a reference for developers to utilize the features and functionalities of the Windows operating system effectively.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
46 views9 pages

Windows API Reference Guide

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Windows API for developing desktop and server applications, detailing various categories such as user interface, data access, diagnostics, graphics, and networking. It highlights the capabilities of the API across different Windows versions and includes information on deprecated or legacy APIs. The document serves as a reference for developers to utilize the features and functionalities of the Windows operating system effectively.

Uploaded by

Kristijan Zalac
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The following is a list of the reference content for the Windows application programming

interface (API) for desktop and server applications.

Using the Windows API, you can develop applications that run successfully on all versions of
Windows while taking advantage of the features and capabilities unique to each version. (Note
that this was formerly called the Win32 API. The name Windows API more accurately reflects
its roots in 16-bit Windows and its support on 64-bit Windows.)

User interface
The Windows UI API creates and uses windows to display output, prompt for user input, and
carry out the other tasks that support interaction with the user. Most applications create at least
one window.

 Accessibility
 Desktop Window Manager (DWM)
 Globalization Services
 High DPI
 Multilingual User Interface (MUI)
 National Language Support (NLS)
 User Interface elements:
o Buttons
o Carets
o Combo Boxes
o Common Dialog Boxes
o Common Controls
o Cursors
o Dialog Boxes
o Edit Controls
o Header Controls
o Icons
o Keyboard Accelerators
o List Boxes
o List-View Controls
o Menus
o Progress Bars
o Property Sheets
o Rich Edit Controls
o Scroll Bars
o Static Controls
o Strings
o Toolbars
o Tooltips
o Trackbars
o Tree-View Controls
 Windows Animation Manager
 Windows Ribbon Framework

Windows environment (Shell)


 Windows Property System
 Windows Shell
 Windows Search
 Consoles

User input and messaging


 User Interaction
o Direct Manipulation
o Ink input
o Input Feedback Configuration
o Interaction Context
o Pointer Device Input Stack
o Pointer Input Messages and Notifications
o Radial controller input
o Text Services Framework
o Touch Hit Testing
o Touch Injection
 Legacy User Interaction
o Touch Input
o Keyboard Input
o Mouse Input
o Raw Input
 Windows and Messages:
o Messages and Message Queues
o Windows
o Window Classes
o Window Procedures
o Timers
o Window Properties
o Hooks

Data access and storage


 Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS)
 Data Backup
o Backup
o Data Deduplication
o Volume Shadow Copy
o Windows Server Backup
 Data Exchange:
o Clipboard
o Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)
o Dynamic Data Exchange Management (DDEML)
 Directory Management
 Disk Management
 Distributed File System (DFS)
 Distributed File System Replication
 Extensible Storage Engine
 Files and I/O (Local file system)
 iSCSI Discovery Library API
 Offline Files
 Packaging
 Remote Differential Compression
 Transactional NTFS
 Volume Management
 Virtual Hard Disk (VHD)
 Windows Storage Management
 Windows Data Access Components
o Microsoft Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
o Microsoft OLE DB
o Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects (ADO)

Diagnostics
The Diagnostics API enable you to troubleshoot application or system problems and monitor
performance.

 Application Recovery and Restart


 Debugging
 Error Handling
 Event Logging
 Event Tracing
 Hardware Counter Profiling (HCP)
 Network Diagnostics Framework (NDF)
 Network Monitor
 Performance Counters
 Performance Logs and Alerts (PLA)
 Process Snapshotting
 Process Status (PSAPI)
 Structured Exception Handling
 System Monitor
 Wait Chain Traversal
 Windows Error Reporting (WER)
 Windows Event Log
 Windows Troubleshooting Platform

Graphics and multimedia


The Graphics, multimedia, audio, and video APIs enable applications to incorporate formatted
text, graphics, audio, and video.

 Core Audio
 Direct2D
 DirectComposition
 DirectShow
 DirectWrite
 DirectX
 Graphics Device Interface (GDI)
 GDI+
 Media Streaming
 Microsoft Media Foundation
 Microsoft TV Technologies
 OpenGL
 Monitor Configuration
 Multiple Display Monitors
 Picture Acquisition
 Windows Color System
 Windows Imaging Component (WIC)
 Windows Media Audio and Video Codec and DSP
 Windows Media Center
 Windows Media Format
 Windows Media Library Sharing Services
 Windows Media Player
 Windows Media Services
 Windows Movie Maker
 Windows Multimedia

Devices
 AllJoyn
 Communications Resources
 Device Access
 Device Management
 Enhanced Storage
 Function Discovery
 Image Mastering
 Location
 PnP-X Association Database
 Printing
o Print Spooler
o Print Document Package
o Print Schema Specification
o Print Ticket
o XPS Print
 Sensors
 System Event Notification Service (SENS)
 Tool Help
 UPnP
 Web Services on Devices
 Windows Image Acquisition (WIA)
 Windows Media Device Manager
 Windows Portable Devices

System services
The System Services APIs give applications access to the resources of the computer and the
features of the underlying operating system, such as memory, file systems, devices, processes,
and threads.

 COM
 COM+
 Compression API
 Distributed Transaction Coordinator (DTC)
 Dynamic-Link Libraries (DLLs)
 Help API
 Interprocess Communications:
o Mailslots
o Pipes
 Kernel Transaction Manager (KTM)
 Memory Management
 Operation Recorder
 Power Management
 Remote Desktop Services
 Processes
 Services
 Synchronization
 Threads
 Windows Desktop Sharing
 Windows System Information
o Handle and Objects
o Registry
o Time
o Time Provider

Security and identity


The Security and Identity APIs enable password authentication at logon, discretionary protection
for all sharable system objects, privileged access control, rights management, and security
auditing.

 Authentication
 Authorization
 Certificate Enrollment
 Cryptography
 Cryptographic Next Generation (CNG)
 Directory Services
o Active Directory Domain Services
o Active Directory Service Interfaces (ADSI)
 Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
 Extensible Authentication Protocol Host (EAPHost)
 MS-CHAP Password Management
 Network Access Protection (NAP)
 Network Policy Server Extensions (NPS)
 Parental Controls
 Security WMI Providers
 TPM Base Services (TBS)
 Windows Biometric Framework

Application installation and servicing


 Games Explorer
 Side-by-side Assemblies
 Packaging, deployment, and query APIs
 Developer License
 Restart Manager
 Windows Installer

System admin and management


The System administration interfaces enable you to install, configure, and service applications or
systems.
 Boot Configuration Data WMI Provider
 Failover Clusters
 File Server Resource Manager (FSRM)
 Group Policy
 Microsoft Management Console (MMC) 2.0
 NetShell
 Settings Management Infrastructure
 Software Inventory Logging
 Software Licensing
 Restart Manager
 Settings Management Infrastructure
 System Restore
 System Shutdown
 Task Scheduler
 User Access Logging
 Windows Virtual PC
 Microsoft Virtual Server
 Network Load Balancing Provider
 Windows Defender WMI v2
 Windows Deployment Services
 Windows Genuine Advantage
 Windows Management Infrastructure
 Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)
 Windows Remote Management
 Windows Resource Protection
 Windows Server Update Services
 Windows System Assessment Tool
 Windows Update Agent

Networking and internet


The Networking APIs enable communication between applications over a network. You can also
create and manage access to shared resources, such as directories and network printers.

 Domain Name System (DNS)


 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
 Fax Service
 Get Connected Wizard
 HTTP Server
 Internet Connection Sharing and Firewall
 IP Helper
 IPv6 Internet Connection Firewall
 Management Information Base
 Message Queuing (MSMQ)
 Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol (MADCAP)
 Network Address Translation (NAT)
 Network List Manager (NLM)
 Network Management
 Network Share Management
 Peer-to-Peer
 Quality of Service (QOS)
 Remote Procedure Call
 Routing and Remote Access Service (RAS)
 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
 SMB Management
 Telephony Application Programming Interfaces (TAPI)
 WebDAV
 WebSocket Protocol Component
 Wireless networking:
o Bluetooth
o IrDA
o Mobile Broadband
o Native Wifi
o Windows Connect Now
o Windows Connection Manager
 Windows Filtering Platform
 Windows Firewall with Advanced Security
 Windows HTTP Services (WinHTTP)
 Windows Internet (WinINet)
 Windows Networking (WNet)
 Windows Network Virtualization
 Windows RSS Platform
 Windows Sockets (Winsock)
 Windows Web Services
 XML HTTP Extended Request

Deprecated or legacy APIs


The following are technologies and APIs that are outdated or have been replaced or deprecated
from the Windows client and server operating systems.

 DirectMusic
 DirectSound
 Microsoft UDDI SDK is now included with Microsoft BizTalk Server.
 Network Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)
 Remote Installation Service: Use Windows Deployment Services instead.
 Virtual Disk Service (VDS): Use Windows Storage Management instead.
 Terminal Services: Use Remote Desktop Services.
 Windows Media Rights Manager
 Windows Messaging (MAPI): Use Office MAPI instead.
 Windows Gadget Platform: Create UWP apps instead.
 Windows Sidebar: Create UWP apps instead.
 Windows SideShow: No replacement.
 WPF Bitmap Effects

Common questions

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The Windows Security and Identity API enhances security by providing comprehensive tools for authentication, authorization, and auditing. It allows applications to implement secure password authentication, manage access control to system objects, and conduct security audits. This flexibility helps ensure that applications are protected against unauthorized access and that security measures comply with various regulatory standards . Additionally, features like the Windows Biometric Framework and cryptographic services offer advanced security options for more rigorous identity verification and data protection .

The Desktop Window Manager (DWM) enhances the user interface by managing window composition and providing visual effects such as transparency, animations, and 3D window transitions. This results in smoother, more visually appealing user interactions. DWM manages the rendering of windows by using hardware acceleration, which improves performance and provides a consistent visual experience across different applications .

The Windows Event Log offers several benefits for application diagnostics, including a centralized system for logging events that makes it easier to track application behaviors and performance issues over time. It facilitates troubleshooting by providing detailed logs that can be accessed for historical analytics and correlating events across multiple sources . However, potential drawbacks include the complexity of managing and interpreting the logs due to the volume of data generated, which might require additional tools or expertise to effectively parse and analyze. Additionally, if not properly managed, it can consume significant storage resources, resulting in performance overheads .

The Windows API allows developers to build applications that are compatible with all Windows versions by providing a standardized set of functions and operations that ensure basic functionality, while also offering features and capabilities that can take advantage of specific enhancements in each Windows version . This means that developers can use the API to ensure broad compatibility and optimize the user experience by leveraging version-specific features when available.

The Windows Imaging Component (WIC) is significant because it provides a consistent API for image processing tasks, enabling applications to read and write image data in various formats. This supports developers in easily incorporating diverse image handling capabilities into their applications, facilitating image viewing, editing, and conversion tasks within a standardized framework .

The Windows Biometric Framework impacts user authentication by providing a standardized method for integrating biometric devices (e.g., fingerprint scanners) into Windows applications, enhancing security by enabling multifactor authentication processes. It simplifies the integration of biometric authentication into applications, which can improve security significantly by reducing reliance on traditional password-based logins. However, it also raises considerations for privacy and data protection, as biometric data is sensitive and its storage and usage must comply with strict security protocols .

The Windows Storage Management API enhances data access and storage efficiencies by providing APIs that allow for the management of physical and virtual storage configurations, enabling streamlined processes for tasks like virtual disk creation, snapshotting, and volume management. It facilitates efficient use of storage resources through features such as data deduplication and differential compression, optimizing storage utilization and performance . This support helps administrators to manage large-scale storage systems more efficiently, ensuring better overall system performance and longevity.

Using legacy APIs in modern Windows application developments poses several challenges, such as the risk of compatibility issues with newer Windows features and security vulnerabilities due to outdated security protocols. Legacy APIs might not support modern hardware advancements and features, leading to potential performance bottlenecks and lack of optimal user interfaces compared to those built with newer APIs . Moreover, since they are deprecated, future updates and support from Microsoft are unlikely, which means any security flaws or bugs will not be fixed, putting applications at risk .

The Pointer Input API's support for multi-touch and pen input provides advantages in offering richer, more intuitive user interactions, especially in applications designed for devices with touchscreens and stylus capabilities. This support enhances user experience by allowing gestures, such as pinch-to-zoom and handwriting, which are natural and efficient for many applications. It can also lead to increased productivity in creative and design applications where precise input is crucial . Additionally, by supporting multiple input modalities, developers can create more accessible applications that cater to a diverse user base.

The integration of Windows Defender with the Windows API contributes to system security by providing built-in, continuous monitoring for malware and threats. It leverages the Windows API to influence security settings and system performance monitoring, ensuring up-to-date defenses against emerging threats. From an administrative perspective, Windows Defender integration enables automated threat management and streamlined security updates through the Windows Management Instrumentation, which simplifies system management and minimizes manual oversight required by IT staff .

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