Class 9 Science Sample Question Paper
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KARTIK KUKREJAClass 9 Science Sample Question Paper
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Powered by AIThe law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. For any closed system, the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products. For example, when 2 grams of hydrogen react with 16 grams of oxygen, 18 grams of water are produced, illustrating that the total mass remains constant before and after the reaction .
Buoyancy is the upward force applied by a fluid on an object placed in it, causing the object to float or sink based on its density relative to the fluid. This principle is used in designing ships and submarines. For example, ships float because their average density is less than water, fitting the principle of buoyancy .
The nitrogen cycle involves nitrogen fixation, nitrification, assimilation, and denitrification. It converts atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by plants, supporting the food web. This cycle maintains ecosystem productivity and soil fertility, highlighting its integral role in supporting terrestrial life .
Renewable resources, like solar and wind energy, replenish naturally and have less environmental impact. Non-renewable resources, such as coal and oil, are finite and lead to environmental pollution when used. The sustainable use of renewable resources ensures long-term availability, while non-renewable usage poses exhaustion and ecological threats .
Desert plants like cacti have thick stems for water storage and reduced leaves to minimize water loss. Animals like camels store fat in humps and can withstand dehydration. These adaptations enable survival in extreme conditions, illustrating evolutionary mechanisms for resource-scarce environments .
Methods of contraception include hormonal methods like pills, barrier methods like condoms, and surgical methods like vasectomy. Hormonal methods are effective but can have side effects. Barrier methods prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), while surgical methods provide permanent solutions. The choice depends on individual health, convenience, and co-factor considerations like preventing STIs .
Malaria and amoebiasis are two diseases caused by protozoa. Malaria, caused by Plasmodium species, leads to fever, chills, and can be fatal without treatment. Amoebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica, results in diarrhea and abdominal pain. Both diseases significantly impact human health, particularly in tropical regions .
Deforestation results from logging, agriculture, and urban expansion, leading to habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity, and climate change. It disrupts the carbon cycle, increasing atmospheric CO2 and contributing to global warming. Protecting forests is essential for biodiversity conservation and climate stability .
Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy in plants, producing glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. It is the foundation of the food chain, sustaining plants and oxygenating the atmosphere. It's critical for energy flow and maintaining atmospheric composition .
Valency is the combining capacity of an element, determining how many atoms of another element it can combine with. It is crucial in forming chemical bonds. For example, the valency of hydrogen is 1, meaning it can form a bond with one chlorine atom, leading to the formation of HCl .