MODULE 2

Poultry Production
Prepared by: Ms. Julie Ann Jayne Lazatin-Sigua, MSA

1
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the chapter the learner is expected to:
1. Lists the benefits derived from poultry raising
2. Discuss the factors to consider in establishing a poultry
farm
3. Name the different poultry housing and facilities
4. Enumerate and describe the different chicken strains
5. Enumerate and discuss the management practices of
different species of poultry
Initial weight
▪ This was taken at start of the experiment, by getting the
weight of the birds individually using a weighing scale.

Final weight
▪ This was taken by getting the weight of the birds
individually using a weighing scale at the end of the study.
Gain in weight
This was taken at start of the experiment, by getting the
weight of the birds individually using a weighing scale.

Formula:
Gain in weight = Final weight – initial weight
Average feed consumption
▪ this will be taken by subtracting the feed refusal from the
total feed offered.
Formula:
Feed consumed = (Total feed given - Feed refused)
Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)
▪ this will be taken by dividing the feed consumed by the
total gain in weight.
Formula:
Total feed consumed
FCR = Total Gain in Weight
Average Water Consumption
▪ this will be ttotal water consumption by the animals minus
water refused.

Cost and Return Analysis

▪ All expenses that will be incurred will be recorded in
determining the cost of production. Gross income, net
income and return on investment will also be computed.
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Air cell – location where space between the inner
and outer shell membrane; formed after egg is laid
• Antibiotic - a dilute substance produced by
microorganisms that have the power to kill other
organisms.
• Antibody - a substance formed in the body as a
result of infection or administration of suitable
antigens.
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Attenuated - a disease organism that has been
weakened to reduce its virulence.
• Bacteria - microscopic organisms that are composed
of a single cell.
• Bakers dozen egg – 13 pieces of eggs used in
bakery per dozen
• Balut – embryonated egg from ducks
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Body-checked eggs – eggs with ridge
at the middle of egg
• Broiler - a type of chicken raised for
meat.
• Brooder guard – Material which is
placed around the brooder heat source
to prevent the chicks from staying too
far from the heat source.
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Brooding – The process of providing heat to young
chicks to keep them warm and comfortable, may be
with natural or artificial lighting.
➢the process of providing supplemental heat to broiler
chicks from hatching up to the time they have grown
sufficient feathers to control their own body
temperature.
• Calcium carbonate – component of egg shell
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Carrier - a chicken that shows no evidence of a
disease, yet harbors the organism, and is capable of
transmitting the disease to others. Contract growing -
a scheme whereby a grower enters into a contract
with an integrator to grow broilers up to a marketable
age of about 36–42 days.
• Caruncle – red portion in ducks head, (comb in
chicken)
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Century eggs – salted eggs treated with NaOH
• Chalazae – two twisted cords holding yolk at the
center
• Clavicle – wish bone
• Clutch – a number of successive days that a hen
lays eggs, 3-4 days/week
• Culling – The removal of unprofitable birds from the
flock.
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Dewattling – removal of wattles
• Dewlap – in goose but wattle in chicken
• Disease - an impairment of the normal function of
any body organ or part of the bird.
• Disinfectant - a substance that kills pathogenic
organisms but not necessarily spores and is usually
applied to inanimate objects.
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Double yolk – two ova are ovulated at the same time
• Down feathers - refers to feathers of newly hatched
fowl
• Dubbing – removal of comb and wattles
• Egg mass output – calculated from the number of
eggs produced by a flock multiplied by the average
egg weight
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Fertile eggs - eggs from mated flock
• Flat sided eggs – egg shell is fattened due to
bronchitis and abnormal pressure
• Gastrocnemius muscle – roosting muscle, birds can
sleep on trees without falling
• Hatching eggs – eggs from mated flock to produce
chicks or ducklings
• Haugh units – unit for albumen height connected
from egg weight
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Heart of chicken – has greater percentage of body
weight in chicken compared to mammalian heart
(4-8% bird vs. 1.5-1.7% mammals)
• Hemagglutination – Agglutination of red blood cells.
• Immune - when a bird has some degree of
resistance to a particular disease.
• Infection - the invasion of a pathogen into
susceptible tissue resulting in disease. BSAB 2A
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Infectious disease - a disease produced by the
invasion of living microscopic organisms.
• Isolation - keeping poultry in areas separate from
other poultry.
• Lysozyme – enzyme in albumen which protect egg
from bacteria
• Meat spots in egg – tissue in ovary
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Metabolizable energy - the energy of the food eaten
less the energy of the excrement derived from it,
both fecal and urinary.
• Misshapen eggs – ribbed, grooved, elongated, round
egg due to oviduct malfunction or bronchitis
• Molting – natural loss of feather, usually after 8 -12
mos. of laying
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Morbidity - a sickness in a bird or flock caused by the
disease.
• Mortality - death of birds in the flock.
• Oviposition - laying of fully developed eggs
• Ovomucin – protein in albumen
• Parasite - an organism that lives in or on another
organism, from which it derives its nourishment.
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Pathogen - an organism capable of causing disease.
• Penoy – incubated infertile duck eggs
• Pimpled egg – egg with calcareous deposits
• Plumage – mature feathers of fowl
• Pores of egg – ranging from 2000-13,000 pores/egg
an average of 7,500 pores, found mostly on blunt
end of egg
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Poulard - ovariectomized pullet; synonym of capon in
male
• Poultry - species of birds (class aves) man has
domesticated for meat and eggs, ornament, and
other economic purposes
• Preen gland/uropygial gland – oil gland located on
top of the rump; used for water-proofing of feathers
• Pullet – Female fowl of less than 1 year old.
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Senses of sight and hearing – well developed in fowl
• Senses of taste and smell – poorly developed
• Serotype - a particular strain of a microorganism.
• Shape of egg – ovoid, oblong, round
• Snood – portion of turkey head
• Soft shelled eggs or shell-less eggs – due to calcium
deficiency bronchitis or stress
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Sternum – breast or keel bone (pitso)
• Storage temperature for eggs – 50-65oF with RH of
70-80%
• Straight-run-chick - group of male and female chicks;
unsexed
• Strain – A family of any variety of poultry that
possesses and reproduces with marked regularity,
common individual characters which distinguish this
from other families of the same variety.
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Stress - anything which affects the bird’s well-being
and lowers its resistance to disease.
• Syrinx – voice box of bird located where the trachea
divided into bronchi
• Table eggs - eggs for cuisine purposes; came from
unmated female
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Titer - a value placed on the potency of a biological
agent, when applied to the agglutination test, it is the
weakest dilution at which clumping of the antigen
occurs.
• Uric acid - pasty white urine of chicken
• Vaccine - a preparation of microorganism (killed,
living attenuated, or living totally virulent) which when
placed in the body of the bird produces or increases
immunity to a certain disease.
POULTRY PRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
• Vector - an animal which carries and transmits parasites
to poultry, such as earthworm, which carries the chicken
tapeworm eggs.
• Vent pasting – a condition where the chicks suffer from
early diarrhea.
• Virus - an organism, ultramicroscopic in size that
multiplies only in living cells. Some viruses are capable
of causing disease.
• Xanthophyll – pigment in yellow color of yolk