Btslc dF CIVIL ENGINEERI NIG
Molule
1d Irtrouetion to Civel Foyaeoring
Civil Erytneoriny à a prefesmonal enginseatg diseiptene
manteronee e The
Aaf leals ei th Zhe oleign, Coouetion, omd
physice! md aalural, beilt envigomet, min eliiy pubie workA
Çueh as moech, boct yes, eomali, dom, aiports, gew age gitoms,
ppolines, Arotuml awnponent of beilding md Tailwyt.
bo hen into a em be
emd
of yyies omd matkom aties thrta ef bitog Bee awne evl
eAgtneerng s a bro ad pofetion aelulhg several
sArasumes, matemt sh kerente, geegoapy geolegy sotls,
hidolo envonmentol tetentl, meeh ornes, prmeef managermo
m othes kelds.
eg
1. ehtelune omd bwn Ploonig
the
qro uoth otdoun ene atng builoig ome) envoiameats to meef I
oral, eeltral, eonommiet
ete. nd to provde healthe condoton fors both encreereation
ieh md P
to lave, to wone md to p
eoeral mm eeonomiewell- being 4fo
mayorrty ofmenkad
To eroat cd prmott he atue, Conoblionsom enviDAment
r all tte paiets peaple
To mane mgt te of Kome toy gt purpore by Zon?g
’ lo esre ovdenlg developrm ent.
’ To avord en eyoaehmeto
2. Bailding Modeah Teelaslogy
A e beitoling strutr a
types af mafoia. Theso m
maorah
building motoieh
Aeeds to beeome tambas tofaly cwth 1uero beilcing
There me
1. tone
Some of Ke most Comwnon'y ted beildy no aderiaa.
m
S. Morten
B. Cemeat Conceti
i1. Ceramey
Somd 12. Miscelloneo)
3. Coatuetion Teehaolosy omd Mangemeat
the
plannn , eourcsnahon md Knowledg nol
ueeenfal lemntation ol
densp nd Constrelien of sftues
beeilciing, hep
strectuu, ais
fnon of engrn oring eme
mangemeat.
4 Envtronnental Engng7
methods 'am te ehnsques of envi sonmont prodeton
ilcbrlity f The bane fe elemeati gueh as
qucdty to pomteet e water
vpeerte lovcl
envioon met.
omd a
manpd heat
>This nineludes oesnod
oatrution af wate clistbtin
water treatermenta plan omd wate wates re
n nincurtoi al amo agrietural [Link] fy gewh
’ vÝonmental nnvolves ao The
onginung stady of
corto
cr wel) as tte
poupor disporad ors eeyele af sotd ome
hozardous wates
5. Gjioteclnel Egoordrg
ConcerAec sty of paportes
’ Geotech cal eopoeiy
engneer
geeure met t s
found tion. ttruetieres.
6. tytraulies ong W
oter Retes Egtaeors?
te. bame oneeph ol coafor senee amd ¿b
methf
chenels mdpipe RiAes, watir seure es
+ype of damy m Tüei desgn methads.
’ 1t ivolves alo ie sthdy of seewster meemente omd shene
protectoA
ol efed envts onmenf CPepe, pump) or
Dpen chonnel Civer, aKe, oe ecn).
7Remote Besg rgenog7
Remote mo notong lug
plyieal chroelere es af cn
on ren s measen
or alr eraft )
Bome Spáite tes of remotelg seniel in og of tia eontth ielado
hnest feres em be mmapped from epuee,, alleug
to ree a nueh
mieh lorgtr oien Thmfmtke
Troekany elsuds to bolp erectiet ine weatog
eruptng voleumoet, omd bele woteliing fon dutfeg
tors,
Trrneiyovere growhefa city on deeades.
yeos
ehanges nin fonlamd
forets Bever
o hugemaintan morngies, leep tomyondy om Tue
magatie shiping'" onTae
ytem. tropoot Space
ytem tompoot Autonat
ytom contnol Troffe
sysdoms toonmport lie Pab
Railw
wien tacportotion sope
of eantes faly
terde plaeeto peaemd
one frum gol s moveg That e yAny
tveale Bafae smant, butg belp to
tetromotation
ms commnties.
sy
enome
af e oporethon,
om dengmn Planug
engnegg prtation Trom aolves
te ht
Ergonng Tranrpontelien
tres. pwporoq effeny (0
e of
Summe anrine M
taPootteet
te
enginrg
worhs
to cuso
ang lomg eheredetes
te of at deseriptions
te of
eoles nn 9 at between soees
nte masomonts
of c nvolvee poiStypielg Seg eal verti md
s4uty The ’
u2ability
nsl the stut,
of e eth cln deals t ele. towe
1.2 Jmpordorte of Ctvil Ergneestng Iofrtyutane Develomest
of the leuntyi
|deuelopmet ofa eeuntoy A strutie Construc nintottrueteet
part
exibst the patth of ervà tion oel emret
dovelbpned rpoe te prceties followed by cvil ergineert.
clefeaa os aetrttes taf poord soctety
wuth servic es aecetoy to concdat dols ife nief to engoge
n pmudetave aePev y d dvelop met eewntay's eeonoy
That cre most sisntcont ftao
paLe feconmde
f
dowelopmet re
energ toonport Jrgotion fnonte,
Com munie tions, eceationom eata
The Krowleg af bane f cvil ergiaog con be f
Greaf wwe
etrutionol aspeett me
apeet ve ivolv fr dvelopment
o ragto
.Gsuct [Link] ealion ns suekos tor or Con erete
ro ccs
scappy dtrob etiDn stom tie. Conteuten
Ponvrsten of wote Seaply
water toreg
ete.
eludes
ovsion ofa draing sy tem. Oieh
fus te diporal af wotewaten
Beppy cf eleetmel powes fon waiel contreionof
trouiston lne to wen, Cantretion of eleetmeal
alomd communi colion lnee, t.e. telephone lueete.
Pooviclag
eastrtiox f metreati na pdaes eg' sordent, porksek.
ete.
Coatruetin pojret because
1hey niolve mutt ple prtieipoats faum dforonf
ogemisaliog. Tluis eylieipiay
’divere pertieeponti ’
ofden n volve pocepl foum
ujet oflen
Contoeton mjeet
baeu
atttudes, md goai.
Poeew +florenf mctel
croli teslatrols ventlalion, mm eletncaf
Sytem.
’
Colabomolon-Lso
Pantt eopns oM toactuy o fod bett w
wom
deliver what ae eiat ne eds, deyite tiei dfferont perpcetive
-’ ommenteaion emd soeral mnteraetisn
Commuicalion cmd
cnd oeral inter aebion.
Pootial applirabos -
1dordesepinog poaujeot
suols omf locnn how to
con belp stuclnti
cPply thwid'cat
Kno wlolg o preteal atatons.
)
leurtry7 maoy ole Tte
An s c n constcetad
i The paf erhebrt the path of
pretice fletud
duwelepmtuf oypreW Te preetice fo llotdby e?vil
eng?n.
leifedion of Baildng cs Pes NBe CNlonal seild gCote) ’
Amy strectre ppore mmaleno,
secf fr humm habrtatoA 0T not wueh nelucl eni
edation, atn, walh, {ls, rok, elmey omd balelny Beniees,
ermdeh Bdeony, amg eornies ete. is ealecl beeiloag Beidng
elaiget batteclon oceeponee amcl type ef cor
A. Rerident al
stretioni
F. Mereomtile tneliet retatl
B. Fduealion al hdeshole
e. atittiohel Stre)
Claw, mooler dte pme hona)
I. Asseonty
Rendenttal Preeileding
provs do for aomel neident al perpose tth
ote ng Ture efn ther elaifed as
Gup-t Renteattal
A3: todgg heres.
Aa: Oeotwo- fom ly pvate dwelg.
A3: Domi tosies
Aa: Apctment htres.
A6, HoteCtone- ttvo stos omd above )
buildi
ceeommdaton cr hh on ttho a
Jastomee, Ios,
oeepied y menbor ofone og nvat dwelgle
two fermly. Mamu
, Dormmotris Any buildng uuch gore
aeeommDdetien is psoviced uerh or etbeut sleep
Seheol md Collagt downg eeilites.
. Aportment lawns’ Dormtries, Hodels, mf Maleoy
Avang qmter e porslet
fcutehes m ang acepenclont tookongfeetsthd
MmmnoM, ehow
Hote ’ Beildg eommadation is
euth or wrthet oliming dcealaties fer cpto
ye Hotekc stomrol)’ Buit olngy aeeommodalioa
pnvicled ceith a cithat dlinng fae lithes
mt asove by loral autherit
Edualio nod Rei lebig
Arny beildiy ired for Seh eol, Colle, ct otey
f ao stolets.
Care
afornb, tr immots ete. ene eala nstutncl beilobng
ren, Old age home,
ted oa wwig poros where lbert i reztneted
eg: Jaih , r , mental horttot ee.
Ang builodoy wrea cmmm
neeoeatioHal, omtemorf, Soeral
nelgiou, Datreoties. prspore.
perspore. eg:
eg- theatre, asemsty halss
xhbton halls, mureume, efauronb, plaeesof whoup ete.
TRe bailing hmg thaatoieel or
ers moton pictas o
any otuo stoge ening xed seats kor over
(s9 prstoy
y otte motion pictura o
i ) Bzildg ceeih afa pomaneat stage pertoas.
heig
mone gersond bt no
ngemeaß. pormonent deafrag
N An oten traties
naeluoling demporony seetures
merecmle.
mapih to emit syte
Beì nen Bet lchngs
Ary builkog wred fen tte tomotins ofbds
Ang
pofesioAal eteblcshments, serviee 4eeslitis, ete oe termel s
Thene re fher divded to stapes
i) offie es, bomus, pufetenal estasrehment mete.
)Tele phone exehmg
v) Boonde wthg hatwns, TV 4atio, t tetraffe eant owes,
Mereontle Bldings
shep, store,
m
omef ete.
Sho pe, stores, deportnent Stnss monet (eovered mea pto soDm
D) tope, tzres, deportmnt tores, mumeks (eover menmethemsm
iy Uegd happg Shappng lentres, torage oag
Borviee feei sttes.
1adfoal Beilding?
Ay
are falseate4 , osomsel,
rmanfoetir [Link]
lobondeieg
mtonce, asensty plonh, tnlustn«l
papnprig talios ete.
Bealdng
Bitel
monudetref that hwo hhe tow tomsants
Blelng n cwlicl thoretags re maul
Lupch uail be bera eeihh rmderat napict
..
Builolang
wuch s wredr stro of yoc,
Anynerehbuileltore,
Wnre Veele ony mìmals. eg. woreh awey
cold tn sess gomae, stable ete,
(4) taRad 6us
Baildg
manufetunes, on npleve
meferal. fon ayenee manudeune af erplories m
soeket Propelt, eBe
1.6 Selccteo dSle des Brildigs
t.)kon Belee biag a site Aer aa beildin A. y4 eom eonmten
nmg oto, eludngs
hm sata shlcl be acelable at reaRonabe depth, smd
1-an to kSom olepth fm snd lavel.
The ite held be em elawatof gndztf sheutd hewe slopete
Sides to pons , psos of wots, wote loged nrea t be
avoiole s renmam doup onditi'on,
4) Sites eo to agh votege po wer to mmimen dines
Sdes veTy
alt pot
4) The serraAneliny of vite sheutd be poleeoy mal Col
The onentation e te shztd Ge sier that t eceere
-in ptentg
8) Th ayot of Colony yhqlot be sities like watr,
ooinages eleetatytelephon coneelon ele. eovily
Wethes Tie ite cetll rquine hey maindene,
) Macatenomee et.
metaly walks do utnge, or geoteehni a
Wuedhi te puporaf wte
ol site è ueh haf the Commn faeihes ke shet,
trompotation, madltal fue lites ede. ne withi KE
rearon able momgl.
13) Lmgbeape Te londeope , hae, Shape aot
ofte lom
I4. Parkmg> Wheter there es easugh spae
B'eing coeas
sfiturad, eleetiral, meehem eal , jlubng cmd
mag elete
protechon sy,stens mt otlor tems ffecting healHh
The bane feunetion of a beil ding pa ovocde staaitaral,
nf omd pnviroamentally tontolled spaees to
hoce ont poteef 0
See
ocupont t condeats, Abeileling is combination f vai ous co my.
treitet.
The fo loving encre the base Compoene porok fa reideatl
buileing
1. Fseadation 6. FlUY
3. Wal omd Colum. &. Ste, Stoit nel Cifb
4. Sollbj1ades on chajjas wo
S. Deuns omd wtoUs Berviees
ds eutet belaw )
Feeadation’ toendoioa Re mof portout part af te beeildh
ken sei(ohing - 3d cà dhe lower mmof prt of leo baildng.
to tho grtmd. 9ts omam
biledirg
(Dotibute tie loo foamn te stoutuno to ssil oveny ont Ste5
Olo cnehon. tke o tte &0 thaf undor laterd loads
beuilelng well Aot mmeve.
pore
lavel Leilebg
Pbath
Tke
fso level is ealled pl ott.
grand tte
above frer level.
peles,
A4 koe topf poato, adoup
wal
esute povdoq.
coneret este.
. The fenetion f tho peat to Keep the yound lcor asove gor
reund level, free dompre. Sts heigt i nct lew ham
ehove ie mon lovel, so fat eonseetionto -ancergren doaina
Cystem
Walls omd Cote mNs
lbed of tee traztuno verthcoll, olo whwands t tonsfes t tofen
Aport frym This wwat pefmy te folounarg fenetion also
d enelotes bailda aren nnto otrdfere nt companmenty om
provicle privoray
proroca Sey fomSunglary wng in teets.
buildig wo
Silla, atels m ehgas’
’ A Madow frame sh etal4 aot be direty pl over masony"
placed eon eret esusre
provsdd
o be povvàdtd depench pon opeming
szcfsicle Ke wal t
pwyeebus aen
mlow cof hoceree Stone labtone poev
nde eit
mte Re.c.
foom
660mm to
ehajfas. The pujeetion of ehogk
Sometime doopt ne also pravsdeq to eh ajg e to te prove
aesthelie l s mt ato to get adtitional proteetronfay d
’ The funeton adsur ij t ae aeoen to'dteset
fão ace e when eves neesony.
of dora hseld be m>4mem posible. Tie Tae dGor shd
be ef sehdmeton os cuill faeiitt tià moneme nf afto lorset
object kelg to wre the dso%
’ wadauus ore povsded to gef liglt m veat;lation
beiteling Tg ore loeated af a herst af o.7Sm to [Link]
tte fle level 94 hot md huid royio nd, tte ewadoud omea
urelto determine to tae en Tte Aomber of uerndaus for
evey 30 anideyoume thene hule be 1 g. wiadous
opehong
pordent cowponent afa buileling Taey ge wonky
wrefuls frr tie oe tupents, The grund
bries batt, waste tones,
grewel ond well tompeefod uat
oA {3 top A lean coaerut
magbe proomde Thon flo
Re.e, fnshed as per tte egesjsemeat ef the owNA
gcent flsos devol They
uurele cnd snm ose aà oleal Ze fos eps.
tke se of two conteeutive steps be olrffesesf.
Number of steps oequtret dporcls cupon Te eliftesent e rinte leued
gwes
proviole fes tho eonrènene e& of old omd ds ted
peros.
eatonee. Sae of tte Cift i deettet by the esoy of sey
peak petong
Bettm po otlon oftie tab Ceeilsa), walhcmd tep f flse
eith aater. Then they
wate wata ditompor,
Gue preetwe
’ Improv aethet e vó eno
’ Roetif dafeebive
wen fn poaty coAVsts n ponta lile for
porntng
pobstng
( Beilding Sevviees ’
sepply, samitalion owd do cinage wungelaotme
atee omd howcres conrttut
won awy eontretion of cupbo ords
magos beeildinA Serviees.
woter fam munie?pal seopply os foom teme
pep to overdens aeet on drs above cof lwd
above
SU as to gef water all Te a4 hur.
> Plunmbg wo made to oet waler in Kotehen,bat
foon roos, dodn fehe ppes of atlo ot LGDnm do omelor Yheld be
ured Tlere ppes shoutd be fxat of o'te
belo te
sufoce so Áaf rain water e) doreeed to tte
docUn take prpe eal
cme t Ge eoAnee te t spae cw e pps with
Sceitale topes omd ehouGen toae cwone ppes
Septe H
equinef fr suilehiny serovIe es. lhey
tte
Heetrie pot f baildiirg servires. The buidig
sh euld be provclet euita eafteied posnta feo upply af trguk,fos
amd oter 'eleetie godgeta.
1D)
Porapot
baleony tesraees perimete.
t paote ef tte top cmd preseitt structnes foom m
olegrodation. Perapl
Ladel
BanemdCba
conent
fsu datioa eonerele
1-8 Ba)e Keqoes ermont af Keideatad Beld g
A buillhi g shutl meef several bane oeqeuinmente elud
shald abo at detleet-unoey tere lo ods, Te beilliy hcld be
straetialg Seunoy ofoste.
( Restdenee to elomeat The bitelng sh eale beble to etithti
uith stomd atlwr, dnpre, md grand moisHerc. Tu bui ldong
ime alety Te beilelng hoeeld be atte to menst tho sprecct
aho be ors ertd 0 hat foe sreads stocwly am ere heceld be on
wacate to bcei boting n oase af a fere,
veatlotion amd Natmal igt’The beilling shecl heme
ero Halyitale rsoms htel
ventilaw:
on fonishs haf open to The eetide
ver ndah.
5 Sead in al ation Te beu chozld be unat torece
Gotd suy a d nndZs noUNe.
Confut mg eonve nà enee- The be ldiang hsld be proposly planed
t inbabitts.
atcerite
pammgpay
etrome es, and oten tas, They hotd eso o e homndo ails.
ond g ab bont, md aee ekide toileta.
O Beurity ’ The bcildg Kheuld be sene againit benglany.
The bilcng sh oulad he eeoAemge al weith ozt
dengn md
Thot anvolves developng stoatgesod appaebe3 to
beimg
» feuactional, coheswe, omd Aomoaiay, ouile ato
economi eaf am Seefein ale.
Tke planning mmf desin ofa build
mrolve aeverd phares, nineluclng
sreit^g Lfetye, ee ing a degn
omabyaing fetow ko pujet goch, butget, md twe hnst
Crecte a'oatmapi fs
fer tke pouject. Bailehing Plonmag aso eouide
copmondal fetn ke energy efrcreney, twot monege mat
omd setainote bildg roetiees,
Sekematie desgn.’Thes phone moa prereparngsKetek
dramig em dregoms, md pelirnony terr ttne nmd eqeipms
layet. Thes phare is alto ealleq ontephu al oen
imvelves geaesatng nibaf desigo cont epfs oml sKetelhes o
explort dfleret icles ng spaee amengemonts.
Desgo teve loprnant Tis phane rivolves settang tte choven
toncept end olevelbpsg to agroved detailed do
sueteh desgn mto a fal odengn, neleliing ple,auangs
elev ako
poumendation Tlia hare mvolve oye oting com pre keaive
Go nstraetion domontt hat commmni catu ho denn. This phae
oontivmit
anehetectá
Strtuyal dengo
The
oeumentatioas to The bceildo.
omaly Tan phore nivolves earing
Tte streene tomp>s e nereMoy destgn Codes ond
8oety eqeinemea.
Rosoetos Seeetion’ Tis ph ute volvea hepa Ite ebeat
ehooge n dendo prote ml l t of teAderen Tu» alsà
abo ealled cbo oddng
teta mi h o n ma wwen iavolves
negation
erelitect cont cetimy i th wth a Contrution eompsrmy to do
Costat mito ation’ This h e nvolves
ond insceing contraet otoeumeata
bceilding nnvolves ereatng ASafe, stekle, ond luo able ftoe
thot eom eet stond all rpeetad lo ods-om forse es.
Ftuctral degn The
beiltag
seleeting tke 920, tye,emo mates dos toactiral cemenest
bke becms, lo lumns, waly am flsor. Aailal desgn a
oy looo omalgr> Deteymmasng Tho poteatral Ioodi omd foees
that stutires teill erperie
Moteoral eintre
om
Sjectho o ehoorig To mot appeprtat mmateal
orneats.
o’ Streitural omagyi-Utg mathematicel models and Sofoe
to omaye te tritire behewoy,
tanton denn’ The dew featre fa bilcag mg
Coce, Tute
features ovre neeeny bor tae pegtt tulos aotvitt es ong
oper ctios
feerity
lagtig design ’.
enhonee tte hntonalit, ofa spee,
(ollabon otioA ’Regulor mectigss dis
Getve en Tehiteet, cngineeyeumons,
kemon Getween cmd o
amd feedbuy
thos stekeholdl
Con help e e Tat Tie desg Sottsties both aesthetie ond
feunetienel reqeeinements.
1.11
Frandalcncelaiffcakion)
faendctin is Te mof impodont port of te beildis
md then building u The loUosMot part af Tke beileng.
elaited nto two man types barel om depts
shalow founclation onl Deep teundation.
) hallow foundation
Afoundation à co ytored skalleo fa
mstional boaring faile is poile.
Areorliig to "ensgi,
boagng eapuits tich d nercle atal homes aml wcden
streetuned. Ty
tiem ebhraper mel cster builel.
Deep feundetions
clepts be lelo coto gsmd wel (o). Ey- Pole, Paerlcoison ete
Deep foce ndalion we wrel Wlen Tiko fou ls boasmag eopacsty
togu ote, cuch esas for heowy beuleig bke
Ke ayerepe amm
stoppg contor. They tronsfos te hewy lo oot to taoper, more
shalo stl lyo. Deep feurdations also wre fel inn water
enviteme t, whne tuey povole nrg epport tor bogess pie,
am doms.
Beansg eapalrty te maimimipoe poerere Tå af &r|
eom itnstomg uithat faslure os settag tro meh.
ithttrm mueb, Ss
dis a
faetor n geoteeh nteel engtaeprg, m s esed mfondaton
ove me relale ters.
planig
O row preneme G): Todct psermme af Te bare of tte frotg
Net paeone
Ps Cq): Goon prenene - Chgtaal overbaoden
poere
D=Depthf trancakon
O0mat beorning cepayqui Tho presore the ~l
ct te bas
Nt okmate boaag eapaibyna): e
net p erre the soil eor
net presre taat eauses heos lelare ofte etl.
lana=qaD|
Ne safe beaa
opacitCahs):The not
whne,
) Gpow sofe bearog aparty Safe boong apacstÉ
te mox0um preßrne Wwea Tho soil eon
uith of hoos felune.
2 Netgole Bettlemet presre Anp)94à he not pre
eeth ot exeeedgthe allouo able
setdlemeaf
Net lauoalte beamany rereCtAa);
exeerae settlemet tho cale allowae becng preem
At safe setlement rese
mng
am the dlepth ef thu trudalion
coleuloting
a.-e'Net0N+[Link]
cl= Coheton of srii
Ne, g,n - Beurnag eopucity heter,