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Worksheet
Test / Exam Name: Chapter 1 Standard: 12th Science Subject: Physics
Student Name: Section: Roll No.:
Questions: 18 Time: 01:30 hh:mm Marks: 45
Instructions
1. all questions are compulsory
Q1. Two large conducting spheres carrying charges Q1 and Q2 are kept with their centres r distance apart. The magnitude of electrostatic force between them is not 1 Mark
1 Q 1Q 2
exactly because:
4πε 0 r2
A These are not point charges. B Charge distribution on the spheres is not uniform.
C Charges on spheres will shift towards the centres of their respective D Charges will shift towards the portions of the spheres which are closer and
spheres. facing towards each other.
Ans: B Charge distribution on the spheres is not uniform.
Explanation:
The given relation is Coulomb’s law which is true for point charges. In the present case, as the spheres are brought closer, the distribution of charge on them
becomes non-uniform.
Q2. The electric flux through a closed Gaussian surface depends upon: 1 Mark
A Net charge enclosed and permittivity of the medium. B Net charge enclosed, permittivity of the medium and the size of the
Gaussian surface.
C Net charge enclosed only. D Permittivity of the medium only.
Ans: A Net charge enclosed and permittivity of the medium.
Explanation:
The electric flux through a closed Gaussian surface is given by,
→
→ q
∮ E. ds = ∈
Where, q is the net charge enclosed by the Gaussian and ∈ is the permittivity of the medium.
Hence, the correct answer is Net charge enclosed and permittivity of the medium.
Q3. A point charge is situated at an axial point of a small electric dipole at a large distance from it. The charge experiences a force F. If the distance of the charge is 1 Mark
doubled, the force acting on the charge will become:
A 2F B F C F D F
2 4 8
Ans: D F
8
Explanation:
1
The electric field due to dipole at distance r is E ∝ .
r3
Thus force on charge is F = qE
1 F
⇒F∝ = .
( 2r ) 3 8
Q4. An electric dipole placed in a non-uniform electric field can experience: 1 Mark
A A force but not a torque. B A torque but not a force.
C Always a force and a torque. D Neither a force nor a torque.
Ans: C Always a force and a torque.
Explanation:
Electric dipole,
Two equal and opposite charges seperated by small distance.
Wherein,
As the dipole will feel two forces which are although opposite but not equal.
A net force will be there and as these forces act at different points of a body. A torque is also there.
Q5. If the net electric flux through a closed surface is zero, then we can infer: 1 Mark
A No net charge is enclosed by the surface. B Uniform electric field exists within the surface.
C Electric potential varies from point to point inside the surface. D Charge is present inside the surface.
Ans: A No net charge is enclosed by the surface.
Explanation:
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Net electric flux is highly dependent on the net electric charge enclosed by the surface.
In a closed surface, if the net electric flux is zero, then the net electric charge will be also zero.
Since electric flux is defined as the rate of flow of electric field in a closed area and if the electric flux is zero, the overall electric charge within the closed
boundary will be also zero.
Q6. K q1q2 1 Mark
The electrostatic force between two point charges q1and q2at separation 'r' is given by F = . The constant K:
r2
A Depends on the system of units only. B Depends on the medium between the charges only.
C Depends on both the system of units and the medium between the charges. D Is independent of both the system of units and the medium between the
charges.
Ans: C Depends on both the system of units and the medium between the charges.
Explanation:
1
K= and its units is N-m2/ C2
4πϵ ∘ k
It depend on system of unit and dielectric constant (k), that's medium between charges
Q7. When an object possess electric charge then the object is said to be: 1 Mark
A Charged. B Electrified. C Both a and b. D None.
Ans: C Both a and b.
Q8. Two field lines can ____. 1 Mark
A Never cross each other. B May cross each other. C Both a and b. D None.
Ans: A Never cross each other.
Q9. Which one is not the property of charge? 1 Mark
A Charge is additive. B Charge is conserved.
C Quantization of charge. D A charge is self-destructive.
Ans: D A charge is self-destructive.
Explanation:
Electric charge possesses the properties of quantization, conservation of charge. It cannot be destroyed i.e. it is not self-destructive.
Q10. When we wear nylon dresses during winter then there is ______ current which gets produced due to contact with out body. Fill in the Blank. 1 Mark
A Magnetic B Electrostatic C Potential D kinetic
Ans: B Electrostatic
Explanation:
When we wear nylon dresses during winter then there is electrostatic current which gets produced due to contact with out body.
Q11. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) 1 Mark
and (d) as given below.
Assertion: A point charge is brought in an electric field at a nearby point will increase or decrease depending on the nature of charge.
Reason: The electric field is independent of the nature of charge.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: C A is true but R is false.
Q12. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) 1 Mark
and (d) as given below.
Assertion (A): Range of Coulomb force is infinite.
Reason (R): Coulomb force acts between two charged particles.
A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Coulomb's force or electric force given by Coulomb's law is valid over nuclear distances ( ≅ 10 − 15m) as well as over very large distances.
k ∣ q1 ∥ q2 ∣
From Coulomb's law, F = . This generally holds only for charged objects whose size are much smaller than the distance between them.
r2
Q13. Coulomb's law states that the electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion acting between two stationary point charges is given by: 5 Marks
1 q 1q 2
F=
4πϵ 0 r 2
Where F denotes the force between two charges q1 and q2 separated by a distance r in free space, ϵ 0 is a constant known as permittivity of free space. Free space
is vacuum and may be taken to be air practically. If free space is replaced by a medium, then ϵ 0 is replaced by (ϵ 0k) or (ϵ 0ϵ r) where k is known as dielectric constant
or relative permittivity.
q 1q 2
1. In coulomb's law, F = k then on which of the following factors does the proportionality constant k depends?
r2
1. Electrostatic force acting between the two charges.
2. Nature of the medium between the two charges.
3. Magnitude of the two charges.
4. Distance between the two charges.
2. Dimensional formula for the permittivity constant ϵ 0 of free space is:
1. [ML-3 T4 A2]
2. [M-1 L3 T2 A2]
3. [M-1 L-3 T4 A2]
4. ML-3 T4 A-2]
3. The force of repulsion between two charges of 1C each, kept 1m apart in vaccum is:
1
1. N
9 × 10 9
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9
2. 9 × 10 N
3. 9 × 107N
1
4. N
9 × 10 12
4. Two identical charges repel each other with a force equal to 10 mgwt when they are 0.6m apart in air.(g = 10m s-2). The value of each charge is:
1. 2mC
2. 2 × 10-7mC
3. 2 nC
4. 2μC
5. Coulomb's law for the force between electric charges most closely resembles with:
1. Law of conservation of energy.
2. Newton's law of gravitation.
3. Newton's 2nd law of motion.
4. Law of conservation of charge.
Ans:1. (b) Nature of the medium between the two charges.
Explanation:
The proportionality constant k depends on the nature of the medium between the two charges.
2. (c) [M-1 L-3 T4 A2]
Explanation:
1 q 1q 2
As, [ϵ 0] = .
4πF r2
[ AT] 2
=
[ M L T − 2 ] [ L2 ]
[M 1 L − 3 T 4A 2]
−
3. (b) 9 × 109N
4. 2μC
Explanation:
1 q 1q 2
F= 4πϵ 0 d 2
( 9 × 10 9 ) × q 2
∴ (10 × 10 − 3) × 10 =
( 0.6 ) 2
Or \text{q}^2=\frac{10^{-1}\times0.36}{9\times10^9}=4\times10^{-12}
Or \text{q}=2\times10^{-6}\text{ C}=2\mu\text{C}
5. (b) Newton's law of gravitation.
Q14. Two identical balls, each having a charge of 2.00 × 10-7C and a mass of 100g, are suspended from a common point by two insulating strings each 50cm long. The 6 Marks
balls are held at a separation 5.0cm apart and then released. Find,
1. The electric force on one of the charged balls.
2. The components of the resultant force on it along and perpendicular to the string.
3. The tension in the string.
4. The acceleration of one of the balls. Answers are to be obtained only for the instant just after the release.
Ans:
\text{q}_1=\text{q}_2=2\times10^{-7}\text{c},\ \text{m}=100\text{g}
\text{l}=50\text{cm}=5\times10^{-2}\text{m},\ \text{d}=5\times10^{-2}\text{m}
1. Now Electric force
\text{F}=\text{K}\frac{\text{q}^2}{\text{r}^2}
=\frac{9\times10^9\times4\times10^{-14}}{25\times10^{-4}}\text{N}
=14.4\times10^{-2}\text{N}
=0.144\text{N}
2. The components of Resultant force along it is zero, because mg balances \text{T}\cos\theta and so also.
\text{F}=\text{mg}=\text{T}\sin\theta
3. Tension on the string
\text{T}\sin\theta=\text{F},\ \text{T}\cos\theta=\text{mg}
\text{Tan}\theta=\frac{\text{F}}{\text{mg}}
=\frac{0.144}{100\times10^{-3}\times9.8}
=0.14693
4. But \text{T}\cos\theta=10^2\times10^{-3}\times10=1\text{N}
\Rightarrow\text{T}=\frac{1}{\cos\theta}=\sec\theta
\Rightarrow\text{T}=\frac{\text{F}}{\sin\theta},
\sin\theta=0.145369
\cos\theta=0.989378
Q15. Find an expression for the electric field strength at a distant point situated (i) on the axis and (ii) along the equatorial line of an electric dipole. 6 Marks
OR
Derive an expression for the electric field intensity at a point on the equatorial line of an electric dipole of dipole moment \vec{\text{p}} and length 2a. What is the
direction of this field?
Ans: Consider an electric dipole AB. The charges -q and +q of dipole are situated at A and B respectively as shown in the figure. The separation between the charges is
2a.
Electric dipole moment, p = q.2a
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The direction of dipole moment is from -q to +q.
Image
1. At axial or end-on position: Consider a point P on the axis of dipole at a distance r from mid-point O of electric dipole.
The distance of point P from charge +q at B is BP = r - a.
And distance of point P from charge -q at A is, AP = r + a.
Let E1 and E2 be the electric field strengths at point P due to charges +q and -q respectively.
We know that the direction of electric field due to a point charge is away from positive charge and towards the negative charge. Therefore,
\text{E}_1=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{\text{q}}{(\text{r}-\text{a})^2} (from B to P)
and \text{E}_2=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{\text{q}}{(\text{r}+\text{a})^2} (from P to A)
Clearly the directions of electric field strengths \vec{\text{E}}_1 and \vec{\text{E}}_2 along the same line but opposite to each other and E1 > E2 because positive
charge is nearer.
\therefore The resultant electric field due to electric dipole has magnitude equal to the difference of E1 and E2 direction from B to P i.e.,
E = E 1 - E2
=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{\text{q}}{(\text{r}-\text{a})^2}-\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{\text{q}}{(\text{r}+\text{a})^2}
=\frac{\text{q}}{4\pi\epsilon_0}=\Big[\frac{1}{(\text{r}-\text{a})^2}-\frac{1}{(\text{r}+\text{a})^2}\Big]=\frac{\text{q}}
{4\pi\epsilon_0}\bigg[\frac{(\text{r}+\text{a})^2-(\text{r}-\text{a})^2}{(\text{r}^2-\text{a}^2)^2}\bigg]
=\frac{\text{q}}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{4\text{ra}}{(\text{r}^2-\text{a}^2)^2}=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{2(\text{q}2\text{a})\text{r}}{(\text{r}^2-\text{a}^2)^2}
But q.21 = p (electric dipole moment)
\therefore\ \text{E}=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{2\text{pr}}{(\text{r}^2-\text{a}^2)^2}\dots(\text{i})
If the dipole is infinitely small and point P is far away from the dipole, then r >> l, therefore equation (i) may be expressed as,
\text{E}=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{2\text{pr}}{\text{r}^4} or \text{E}=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{2\text{p}}{\text{r}^3}\dots(\text{ii})
This is the expression for the electric field strength at axial position due to a short electric dipole.
2. At a point of equatorial line: Consider a point P on broad side on the position of dipole formed of charges +q and -q at separation 2a. The distance of point P from
mid-point (O) of electric dipole is r. Let \vec{\text{E}}_1 and \vec{\text{E}}_2 be the electric field strengths due to charges +q and -q of electric dipole.
From fig. \text{AP}=\text{BP}=\sqrt{\text{r}^2+\text{a}^2}
\therefore\ \vec{\text{E}}=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{\text{q}}{\text{r}^2+\text{a}^2} along B to P
\vec{\text{E}}_2=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{\text{q}}{\text{r}^2+\text{a}^2} along P to A
Clearly \vec{\text{E}}_1 and \vec{\text{E}}_2 are equal in magnitude i.e., |\vec{\text{E}}_1|=|\vec{\text{E}}_2| or E1 = E2
To find the resultant of \vec{\text{E}}_1 and \vec{\text{E}}_2, we reslove them into rectangular components.
Component of \vec{\text{E}}_1 Parallel to \text{AB}=\text{E}_1\cos\theta, in the direction to \vec{\text{BA}}
Component of \vec{\text{E}}_1 perpendicular to \text{AB}=\text{E}_1\sin\theta, along OP
Component of \vec{\text{E}}_2 Parallel to \text{AB}=\text{E}_2\cos\theta, in the direction to \vec{\text{BA}}
Component of \vec{\text{E}}_2 perpendicular to \text{AB}=\text{E}_2\sin\theta, along PO
Clearly, comoponents of \vec{\text{E}}_1 and \vec{\text{E}}_2 perpendicular to \text{AB}=\text{E}_1\sin\theta and \text{E}_2\sin\theta being equal and opposite
cancel each other, while the components of \vec{\text{E}}_1 and \vec{\text{E}}_2 parallel to \text{AB}=\text{E}_1\cos\theta and \text{E}_2\cos\theta, being in the
same direction add up and give the resultant electric field whose direction is parallel to \vec{\text{BA}}.
\therefore Resultant electric field at P is \text{E}=\text{E}_1\cos\theta+\text{E}_2\cos\theta
But \text{E}_1=\text{E}_2=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{\text{q}}{(\text{r}^2+\text{a}^2)}
From the figure, \cos\theta=\frac{\text{OB}}{\text{PB}}=\frac{\text{l}}{\sqrt{\text{r}^2+\text{a}^2}}=\frac{\text{l}}{(\text{r}^2+\text{a}^2)^{1/2}}
\text{E}=2\text{E}_1\cos\theta=2\times\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{\text{q}}{(\text{r}^2+\text{a}^2)}.\frac{\text{l}}{(\text{r}^2+\text{a}^2)^{1/2}}
=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{2\text{ql}}{(\text{r}^2+\text{a}^2)^{3/2}}
But q.2l = p = electric dipole moment ...(iii)
\therefore\ \text{E}=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{\text{p}}{(\text{r}^2+\text{a}^2)^{3/2}}
If dipole is infinitesimal and point P is far away, we have a << r, so l2 may be neglected as compared to r2 and so equation (iii) gives,
\text{E}=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{\text{p}}{(\text{r}^2)^{3/2}}=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{\text{p}}{\text{r}^3}
i.e., electric field strength due to a short dipole at broadside on position.
\text{E}=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{\text{p}}{\text{r}^3} in the direction parallel to \vec{\text{BA}}\dots(\text{iv})
Its direction is parallel to the axis of dipole from positive to negative charge. It may be noted clearly from equations (ii) and (iv) that electric field strength due to a
short dipole at any point is inversely proportional to the cube of its distance from the dipole and the electric field strength at axial position is twice that at broad-
side on position for the same distance.
Important: Note the important point that the electric field due to a dipole at large distances falls off as \frac{1}{\text{r}^3} and not as \frac{1}{\text{r}^2} as in the
case of a point charge.
Q16. Apply Gauss’s Theorem to find the electric field near a charged conductor. 6 Marks
OR
Show that the electric field at the surface of a charged conductor is \vec{\text{E}}=\frac{\text{p}}{\epsilon_0}\hat{\text{n}} where \sigma is surface charge density
and \hat{\text{n}} is a unit vector normal to the surface in the outward direction.
Ans:
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Let a charge Q be given to a conductor, this charge under electrostatic equilibrium will redistribute and the electric field inside the conductor is zero (i.e., Ein = 0).
Let us consider a point P at which electric field strength is to be calculated, just outside the surface of the conductor. Let the surface charge density on the surface
of the conductor in the neighbourhood of P be \sigma coulomb/ metre2 . Now consider a small cylindrical box CD having one base C passing through P; the other
base D lying inside the conductor and the curved surface being perpendicular to the surface of the conductor.
Let the area of each flat base be a. As the surface of the conductor is equipotential surface, the electric field strength E at P, just outside the surface of the
conductor is perpendicular to the surface of the conductor in the neighbourhood of P.
The flux of electric field through the curved surface of the box is zero, since there is no component of electric field E normal to curved surface. Also the flux of
electric field through the base D is zero, as electric field strength inside the conductor is zero. Therefore the resultant flux of electric field through the entire
surface of the box is same as the flux through the face C. This may be analytically seen as:
If S1 and S2 are flat surfaces at C and D and S3 is curved surface, then
Total electric flux,
\oint\limits_{\text{S}}\vec{\text{E}}.\vec{\text{dS}}=\oint\limits_{\text{S}_1}\vec{\text{E}}.\vec{\text{dS}_1}+\oint\limits_{\text{S}_2}\vec{\text{E}}.\vec{\text{dS}_2}+\oint\limits_{\text{S}_3}\
=\oint\limits_{\text{S}_1}{\text{E}}.{\text{dS}_1}\cos0+\oint\limits_{\text{S}_2}{\vec0}.{\text{dS}_2}+\oint\limits_{\text{S}_3}{\text{E}}.{\text{dS}_3}\cos90^\circ
\oint\limits_{\text{S}}\text{E dS}_1=\text{Ea}
As the charge enclosed by the cylinder is (\sigma\text{a}) coulomb, we have, using Gauss’s theorem, =\frac{1}{\epsilon_0}\times\text{charge enclosed}
\text{Ea}=\frac{1}{\epsilon_0}(\sigma\text{a})
or \text{E}=\frac{\text{p}}{\epsilon_0}\dots(\text{i})
Thus the electric field strength at any point close to the surface of a charged conductor of any shape is equal to \frac{1}{\epsilon_0} times the surface charge
density \sigma. This is known as Coulomb’s law. The electric field strength is directed radially away from the conductor if \sigma is positive and towards the
conductor if \sigma is negative.
If \hat{\text{n}} is unit vector normal to surface in outward direction, then
\vec{\text{E}}=\frac{\text{p}}{\epsilon_0}\hat{\text{n}}
Obviously electric field strength near a plane conductor is twice of the electric field strength near a non-conducting thin sheet of charge.
Q17. 1. An electric dipole of dipole moment \vec{\text{p}} is placed in a uniform electric field \vec{\text{E}} at an angle \theta with it. Derive the expression for torque 5 Marks
(\vec{\tau}) acting on it. Find the orientation of the dipole relative to the electric field for which torque on it is (1) maximum, and (2) half of maximum.
2. Two point charges \text{q}_1=+1\mu\text{C} and \text{q}_2=+4\mu\text{C} are placed 2m apart in air. At what distance from q1 along the line joining the two
charges, will the net electric field be zero?
Ans:1.
From digaram
Magnitude of Torque =(\text{qE})(2\text{a}\sin\theta)
=(2\text{qa})(\text{E}\sin\theta)
=\text{pE}\sin\theta
For direction \vec{\tau}=\vec{\text{p}}\times\vec{\text{E}}
1. For maximum Torque, dipole should be placed perpendicular to the direction of electric field.
\theta=90^\circ=\frac{\pi}{2}
2. For the torque to be half the maximum,
\theta=30^\circ=\frac{\pi}{6}
2.
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\text{E}_\text{PA}=\text{E}_\text{PB}\ ;\ \text{E}=\frac{\text{kq}}{\text{r}^2}
\frac{\text{kq}_\text{A}}{\text{x}^2}=\frac{\text{kq}_\text{B}}{(2-\text{x})^2}
\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}=\frac{4}{(2-\text{x})^2}
\frac{1}{\text{x}}=\frac{2}{2-\text{x}}
\text{x}=\frac23\text{m}
Q18. A pendulum bob of mass 80mg and carrying a charge of 2 × 10-8C is at rest in a uniform, horizontal electric field of 20kVm-1. Find the tension in the thread. 5 Marks
Ans:
\text{E}=20\text{Kv/m}=20\times10^3\text{v/m},
\text{m}=80\times10^{-5}\text{kg},\ \text{c}=20\times10^{-5}\text{C}
\tan\theta=\Big(\frac{\text{qE}}{\text{mg}}\Big)^{-1} \big[\text{T}\sin\theta=\text{mg},\ \text{T}\cos\theta=\text{qe}\big]
\tan\theta=\Big(\frac{2\times10^{-8}\times20\times10^3}{80\times10^{-6}\times10}\Big)
=\Big(\frac{1}{2}\Big)^{-1}
1+\tan^2\theta=\frac{1}{4}+1=\frac{5}{4} \Big[\cos\theta=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}},\sin\theta=\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}\Big]
\text{T}\sin\theta=\text{mg}
\Rightarrow\text{T}\times\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}=80\times10^{-6}\times10
\Rightarrow\text{T}=\frac{8\times10^{-4}\times\sqrt{5}}{2}=4\times\sqrt{5}\times10^{-4}
=8.9\times10^{-4}
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