Advanced Fluid Mechanics
ME5129
The Navier–Stokes regularity problem
• The Millennium Prize Problems are seven well-known
complex mathematical problems selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute in
2000. The Clay Institute has pledged a US $1 million prize for the first correct
solution to each problem.
Prove or give a counter-example of the following statement:
“In three space dimensions and time, given an initial velocity field, there
exists a vector velocity and a scalar pressure field, which are both smooth
and globally defined, that solve the Navier–Stokes equations.”
In other words, there is currently no proof guaranteeing that, given a
smooth initial condition, the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations
have a unique solution that exists for all positive times.
Assessment Scheme
Midsem - 25 Marks
Assignment - 25 Marks
End Semester - 50 Marks
Total - 100 Marks
What are the governing Equations?
Continuity
Equation
Momentum
Equation
Governing Equations for Fluid Motion
Navier-Stokes Equation - Cartesian Coordinates:
(3-D, Incompressible and Constant Viscosity flow of Newtonian fluid)
Continuity:
Momentum:
Inertial force Pressure force Viscous force/ Gravity force
Shear force
No Slip Boundary Condition
Definition
At a solid boundary, the fluid will have zero velocity
relative to the boundary.
or
The fluid velocity at all fluid–solid boundaries is equal
to that of the solid boundary.
“It turns out – although it is not at all self-evident – that in all circumstances where it has been
experimentally checked, the velocity of a fluid is exactly zero at the surface of a solid.”
-Feynman Lectures on physics (Feynman, Leighton, & Sands, 1970)
Reason
The force of attraction between the fluid particles Exceptions
and solid particles (Adhesive forces) is greater than At Low Pressures (P approaches zero)
that between the fluid particles (Cohesive forces). Super hydrophobic surfaces (Nanoscale Slip)
Definition of fluid
A fluid is a substance that deforms continuously under the
shear stress, no matter how small the shear stress may be.
or
Simply, substances which cannot resist any shear
force applied to them are called fluids
Fluids are a phase of matter and include liquids, gases and plasmas.
How a fluid is different from solid?
In a solid, shear stress produces only strain (deformation).
Whereas, in fluids, shear stress produces strain rate (relative rates of
deformation).
Newton's law of viscosity – Experimental Fact for several Fluids
Strain Rate
Viscosity is the measure of resistance of a fluid to
flow.
Generalized Newtons Law of viscosity – Experimental Fact
Index Notation
Component Form
In the absence of side walls transverse viscous stresses cannot
be generated as they are in channel flow.
The reason the fluid at, say, P does not fall with an acceleration
of g is the viscous interaction with the more slowly falling fluid
at Q
A simple situation in which viscous stresses
normal to the surface govern the behavior.
Recap
• Eulerian and Lagrangian description: Material derivative.
• Fluid translation, rotation, and shear strain.
• Vorticity, rotational and irrotational flow.
• Continuity equation derivation.
• Momentum equation derivation.