Unit I: Wireless Channels
2 Marks:
1. Define path loss.
2. What is coherence bandwidth?
3. Differentiate between flat fading and frequency selective fading.
4. State the significance of Doppler spread in wireless communication.
4 Marks:
1. Explain the Free Space Path Loss model.
2. Write short notes on small scale fading and its causes.
3. Define coherence time and explain its importance in mobile communication.
4. What is the difference between fast fading and slow fading?
6 Marks:
1. Derive the expression for path loss using the Two-Ray ground reflection model.
2. Explain the concept of time dispersion parameters and their impact on signal
reception.
3. Compare and contrast large scale fading and small scale fading.
8 Marks:
1. Explain in detail the different types of fading due to multipath and Doppler
spread.
2. With appropriate diagrams, explain the parameters of a mobile multipath
channel and their effects.
Unit II: Cellular Architecture
2 Marks:
1. Define frequency reuse.
2. What is trunking in mobile communication?
3. Mention any two types of handoff.
4. Define grade of service (GoS).
4 Marks:
1. Explain the concept of cellular structure with frequency reuse.
2. Differentiate between FDMA and TDMA.
3. What is interference and how does it affect system capacity?
6 Marks:
1. Describe different multiple access techniques used in wireless systems.
2. Explain channel assignment strategies in cellular networks.
3. How can coverage and capacity of a cellular system be improved?
8 Marks:
1. Discuss the concept of handoff and its types in cellular networks.
2. Derive the expression for capacity in CDMA systems and discuss how
interference affects it.
Unit III: Digital Signaling for Fading Channels
2 Marks:
1. What is Minimum Shift Keying (MSK)?
2. Define PAPR in OFDM systems.
3. What is a cyclic prefix and why is it used in OFDM?
4 Marks:
1. Compare QPSK and π/4 DQPSK modulation schemes.
2. Explain the structure of a basic wireless communication link.
3. What is Gaussian MSK? How does it differ from regular MSK?
6 Marks:
1. Explain the principle of OFDM with a block diagram.
2. Discuss error performance in fading channels.
3. What is the significance of windowing in OFDM?
8 Marks:
1. With neat diagrams, explain the principle and operation of OFDM. Highlight
its advantages in fading environments.
2. Compare and contrast Offset QPSK, π/4 DQPSK, and MSK in terms of
structure and performance.
Unit IV: Multipath Mitigation Techniques
2 Marks:
1. Define equalization.
2. What is the role of LMS algorithm in adaptive equalization?
3. Mention any two types of diversity combining techniques.
4 Marks:
1. Differentiate between linear and non-linear equalization.
2. Explain the working principle of Zero Forcing equalizer.
3. What is a Rake receiver?
6 Marks:
1. Explain the working of an adaptive equalizer using LMS algorithm.
2. Discuss the different diversity techniques used to combat fading.
3. How does a Rake receiver help in mitigating multipath effects?
8 Marks:
1. Discuss in detail the various diversity combining techniques and their impact
on error probability.
2. Explain the concept and working of a Rake receiver with a neat block diagram.
Unit V: Multiple Antenna Techniques
2 Marks:
1. What is MIMO?
2. Define spatial multiplexing.
3. What is channel state information?
4 Marks:
1. Write short notes on transmitter and receiver diversity.
2. What is beamforming in MIMO systems?
3. Explain the concept of precoding in MIMO.
6 Marks:
1. Describe the system model of a MIMO communication system.
2. Discuss the effect of MIMO on system capacity in fading and non-fading
environments.
3. How does spatial multiplexing improve data rates?
8 Marks:
1. Explain MIMO system architecture. Discuss how capacity improves in fading
channels using MIMO.
2. Describe beamforming and precoding in detail with the help of diagrams and
examples.
2-Mark Application Questions
1. What is the role of LMS algorithm in adaptive equalization?
2. How does a Rake receiver mitigate the effects of multipath fading?
3. Mention any two diversity combining techniques used in wireless communication.
4. What is the significance of Channel State Information (CSI) in MIMO systems?
4-Mark Application Questions
1. Explain how Zero Forcing Equalizer mitigates intersymbol interference in a multipath
channel. State one limitation.
2. Compare micro and macro diversity with suitable application scenarios.
3. Briefly describe how spatial multiplexing increases the capacity of a MIMO system.
4. Illustrate how beamforming can improve signal quality at the receiver in a fading
environment.
6-Mark Application Questions
1. Design a block diagram of an adaptive equalizer using the LMS algorithm and explain its
working.
2. Describe the working of a Rake receiver and explain how it improves performance in
CDMA systems.
3. Explain how transmitter diversity and receiver diversity are implemented in a MIMO
system with an example.
4. For a wireless communication system in a Rayleigh fading environment, analyze how
diversity reception can reduce the bit error rate (BER).
8-Mark Application Questions
1. A wireless system operates in a multipath-rich environment. Propose a solution using
adaptive equalization techniques. Compare linear and non-linear equalizers in your
solution.
2. Analyze the capacity improvement of a MIMO system in both fading and non-fading
channels. Include the role of spatial multiplexing and channel state information in your
explanation.
3. Consider a communication scenario with heavy multipath fading. Develop a strategy
combining diversity techniques and equalization to improve signal reception. Justify your
approach.
4. Explain in detail the concept of beamforming in MIMO systems. How does pre-coding
affect the performance when channel state information is available at the transmitter?