Chapter 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methodology, including the study location,

participants involved, data collection methods, and statistical analysis techniques. It

provides a detailed explanation of how the study will be conducted and the specific

tools that will be utilized to gather data.

Research Design

A quasi-experimental research approach using pre-test and post-test will be

used in this study, which is frequently used to evaluate the effectiveness of using 7E

model approach in the students conceptual understanding in the general education

courses. The design involved the comparison of the mean of achievement of students

that were exposed to the 7E model and traditional method.

In this study, the respondents from 2 sections of grade 3 will be given a pre-

test before introducing the 7E model approach and the post-test after the sessions. The

test performance of the respondents in the pre-test and post-test were compared to

check if there is a significant difference between the two groups which is the

experimental group and the control group. An interview will follow to gather

qualitative data of the study.

Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted at the Mindanao State University - Integrated

Laboratory School. It is located in 2nd Street , Mindanao State University, Main

Campus, Marawi City. The school offers a kindergarten, complete elementary and

junior high school education. This is under the supervision of College of Education,

Mindanao State University- Main Campus.

 Mindanao State University was created under Republic Act 1387 as amended.

It was formally organized with the induction in to the office of UP Vice President

Antonio Isidro as the first president of the University in southern Philippines before

President Carlos P. Garcia at Malacanang Palace on September 1946.

Proclamation No. 800 which reserved 1000 hectares out of Camp Keithley

Military Reservation in Marawi City, was signed by President Garcia. The place is

225 feet above the sea level, overlooking the blue and serene waters of Lake Lanao. It

is located about 4 kilometers from downtown Marawi City and 40 kilometer from

Iligan City. This proclamation as later made into law reservation to the University

under Republic Act 3791 Disomangcop and Manamparan (2020)

The Integrated Laboratory School was originally as the Laboratory

Elementary School. It was established on September 9, 1964 at the Mindanao State

University Main Campus, Marawi City, to meet the education training needs of the

children and dependents of the faculty and employee of the University. After pre-

elementary education was created, the University BOR Resolution No. 1522 series of

1978 approved the expansion of the education with a four-year high school general

education.

At present times, Laboratory Elementary School is now popularly known as

Integrated Laboratory School. The ILS performs two functions: as laboratory school

of the College of Education and as a service function to the children and dependent of

MSU faculty and other personnel.

Today, MSU has grown into multi-campus University System with 14 degree-

granting Colleges within the Marawi Campus and has established an experimental and

laboratory school for the training of future educators.

Respondents of the Study

The participants will consist of two section of Grade III pupils, with a total of

Eighty (80) learners, from Mindanao State University- lntegrated Laboratory School

(MSU-ILS) during the school your 2025-2026. The participants were composed of

female and male students.

Research instruments and its Validity

The research instrument that will be utilized in this study is researcher-made.

The questionnaire is composed of thirty (30) multiple choice questions and two word

problems. This test served as both the pre-test and post-test to ensure that the

assessment contains the same coverage and number of items. In the study of

Disomangcop and Manamparan (2020) the mentioned researcher-made instrument

was first pilot tested to a comparable group of students in Amai Pakpak Central

Elementary School (APCES) to ensure its validity and reliability.

The result of the research instrument obtained a reliability coefficient of

0.803, which means that it is reliable since the minimum value for reliability is 0.700

as established in literature.

Research Ethics

The study adhered to ethical research guidelines, including:

Informed Consent: Participants were informed about the study’s purpose,

procedures, and their right to withdraw at any time. Consent forms were signed by all

participants.

Confidentiality: Data were anonymized, and personal information was stored

securely.

Minimal Risk: The intervention posed no significant risk to participants, as it

involved standard educational practices.

Institutional Approval: The study was approved by the university’s Institution.

Data Gathering Procedure

Pre-Implementation Phase

Prior to the conduct of the study, a letter of request for the Principal of MSU-

Integrated Laboratory School will be made by the researcher to ask permission to

conduct the study in the said institution. The letter will be signed and approved by the

thesis adviser before it was given to the head of the elementary department of the

school.

Implementation Phase

In order to achieve the goal of this study, a pre-test was administered and after

the pre-test was conducted, it was then checked by the researchers. Then the

intervention proper commenced after the pre-test wherein the 7E model approach of

teaching was used. The study took place for almost a month wherein the 7E model

approach and traditional approach was used in the discussion of mathematics subjects,

particularly on changing from fraction to decimal and vice versa, addition,

subtraction, multiplication, and division of decimals. Quizzes and assignments were

also given for the students to explore more

Post- Implementation Phase

The respondents were given the post-test after learning about the mathematics

lessons with the guide of 7E model approach and traditional approach. After the post-

test, the researchers interviewed selected seven (7) students among the respondents to

gather the information or feedback needed for the qualitative data. The time table of

activities is shown on the next page.

 Table 3.1
Time Table of Activities

CONTENT DATE NUMBER OF CLASS

SESSION
Pre-test July 20, 2025 1 hour

Whole number July 21-22 2025 2 hours

multiplication.
Whole number division. July 23-27, 2025 3 hours

Understanding fractions. July 28-30, 2025 3 hours

Understanding Place August 3-4, 2025 2 hours

Value
Rounding to the nearest 10 August 5-7, 2025 3 hours
or 100.
Post- test 1 hour

Total 15 hours

Data Analysis Procedure

To assess if the respondents have differed in the achievement of pre-test and

post-test, a T-test for dependent or correlated means was utilized. The mean result of

the performance of the two groups was tested using the same test. For the qualitative

data, thematic analysis was used to identify themes and patterns of meaning across the

dataset in relation to research questions. The process involves searching for themes

among categories, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, and validating the

themes.

Statistical Tools

The following statistical tools were used in analysing and interpreting the data

gathered in this study:

1. Frequency and Percentage. This was used to describe the respondents

according to their age and gender

2. Mean and Standard Deviation. This was used to measure the variability of

any set of numerical values about their arithmetic means. The standard

deviation measures the variability of any set of numerical values about their

arithmetic means. It is specifically defined as the square root of the arithmetic

means of the square deviation.

3. T-test for paired sample. This was used to determine if there is a significant

difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the respondents.