FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Abstract
Fingerprint attendance system aims to automate the attendance procedure of an
educational institution using biometric technology. This will save time wasted
on calling out names and it gives a fool-proof method of attendance marking. A
hand-held device is used to mark the attendance without the intervention of
teacher.

The Students would be made to place their finger over the sensor so as to mark
their presence in the class. It can communicate with a host computer using its
USB interface. This device operates from a rechargeable battery. GUI
application in host computer helps the teacher to manage the device and
attendance.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.0:- Block Diagram …………………………………………………………………15

Figure 1.1.:-Circuit Diagram ……………………………………………………16

Figure 1.2: .Resistor....................................................................................………………...19

Figure 1.3: .Carbon Film Res...........................................................................................……19

Figure 1.5:Diode.......................................................................................…………………..21
Figure 1.6 Diode Symbol:...................................................................................................….21
Figure 1.7: GPS segments........................................................................................................15
Figure 1.8: GPS NEO-6M........................................................................................................16
Figure 1.9: NEO-6M pinout.....................................................................................................17
Figure 1.10: GSM SIM 900A ..................................................................................................19
Figure 1.11: MAX30100.........................................................................................................20
Figure 1.13: Working of MAX 30100 ...................................................................................21
Figure 1.13: Heart Rate Measurement............................................................................22
Figure 1.14: Pulse Oximetry measurement..............................................................................22
Figure 1.15: Pinout of MAX 30100.........................................................................................23
Figure 1.16: LM35...................................................................................................................24
Figure 1.17: LCD Display........................................................................................................25
Figure 3.18: Battery .................................................................................................................26
Figure 1.19: Code in Arduino IDE ..........................................................................................27
Figure 1.20: Project hardware .......49

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Content:-

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………… III

2. ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………… IV

3. LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………… V

4. LIST OFTABLES……………………………………………………………………. V

5. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………… 8

CHAPTER 3: REVIEW OF LITERATURE……………………………………….….. 10

3.1 General Overview ……………………………………………………………………… 11

3.2 Literature Review………………………………………………………………………. 11

CHAPTER 4 :-SCOPE OF PROJECT…………………………………………….……. 12

CHAPTER 3: PROPOSED METHODOLOGY………………………………………….14

6. Methodology……………………………………………...................…… 15

6.1) block diagram ……………………………………………………….. 15

6.2) Block Diagram Explanation………………………………………… 16

6.2) CKT diagram………………………………………………………. ...17

6.4) WORKING ………………………………………………………….. 18

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

6.5) COMPONENT AND DATA-SHEET………………………………...20

CHAPTER 5: HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE DESIGN……………………………. 31

5.1)FINGER PRINT SENSOR R307………………………………………….32

5.2) GSM MODEM SIM 800C………………………………………………..33

5.3) RTC DS1307 MODULE…………………………………………………34

5.4) ARDUINO (ATMEGA328)……………………………………………. 37

5.5) ARDUINO BASIC PROGRAMMING STEPS………………………… 41

5.6) PCB DESIGNING………………………………………………………. 46

CHAPTER 5:- REESULT ………………………………………………………51

6.1) Results………………………………………………………………… .51

CHAPTER 6: ADVANTAGES, APPLICATION .DISADVANTAGES…………….…52

CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………55

8.1) Budget and Components list ..........................................................................................55

CHAPTER 8 FUTURE SCOPE …………………………………………………………56

CHAPTER 9 REFERENCE & BIBIOGRAPHY………………………..…….57

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Introduction

Fingerprints are one of the main forms in biometric field which used to identify the individual
and their uniqueness. Fingerprint authentication is one of popular authentication systems in the
world. Due to their consistency and uniqueness it is used widely. There are several sources
available for the collection and their established use. In the past, magnetic card attendance
system was widely used. But, this system has lot of bugs in it. The card may be lost or damaged.
This fingerprint attendance system is highly secure and cannot be forged easily. In recent time,
there has been high level of impersonation experienced on a daily basis in both private and
public sectors, the ghost worker syndrome which has become a menace across all tiers of
government, employers concerns over the levels of employee absence in their workforce and
the difficulty in managing student attendance during lecture periods. Fingerprints are a form of
biometric identification which is unique and does not change in one’s entire lifetime. This paper
presents the attendance management system using fingerprint technology in a university
environment. It consists of two processes namely; enrolment authentication.
Attendance management system is one of the most advanced applications in
biometric technology. It cannot be forged easily. With the integration and use of biometric
technology getting simpler, many institutions are using down the biometric road to verify the
time and attendance of their students and staffs. The system also contains a GMS Modem,
which can be used to send the attendance information of the students automatically to their
parents. The Embedded system using a small LCD user interface can be interfaced with the
computer by using serial communication interface. The previous papers done were only the
fingerprint based attendance system and a report generation. It does not have any SMS alert to
the parents. This paper is to send SMS alert to parents by means of GSM.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

CHAPTER 3:-
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Literature Survey

Fingerprint is one of the most unique parts of the human body that distinguishes one person
from others and is easily accessed. This uniqueness is supported by technology that can
automatically identify or recognize a person called fingerprint sensor. Yet, the existing Fingerprint
Sensor can only do fingerprint identification on one machine. For the mentioned reason, we need
a method to be able to recognize each user in a different fingerprint sensor. The purpose of this
research is to build fingerprint sensor system for fingerprint data management to be centralized so
identification can be done in each Fingerprint Sensor. The result of this research shows that by
using Arduino and Raspberry Pi, data processing can be centralized so that fingerprint
identification can be done in each fingerprint sensor with 98.5 % success rate of centralized server
recording.
Nur Izzati Zainal, Khairul Azami Sidek, Teddy Surya Gunawan, Hasmah Mansor, and
Mira Kartiwi “Design and Development of portable classroom attendance system based on
Arduino and fingerprint biometric" Department of Electrical and computer engineering,kulliyah
of engineering, department of information systems , kulliyyah of information and communications
technology, international Islamic university Malaysia, Kuala Lampur, Malaysia
In this paper, the design and development of a portable classroom attendance system based
on fingerprint biometric is presented. Among the salient aims of implementing a biometric feature
into a portable attendance system is security and portability. The circuit of this device is
strategically constructed to have an independent source of energy to be operated, as well as its
miniature design which made it more efficient in term of its portable capability. Rather than
recording the attendance in writing or queuing in front of class equipped with fixed fingerprint or
smart card reader. This paper introduces a portable fingerprint based biometric attendance system
which addresses the weaknesses of the existing paper based attendance method or long time
queuing. In addition, our biometric fingerprint based system is encrypted which preserves data
integrity.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

CHAPTER 4 :-
SCOPE OF PROJECT

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Scope of project

It is a common sight in schools, colleges and educational institutions all over the world to see
the teacher take students’ attendance at the beginning of each school day, and sometimes
even multiple times during the course of the day Even in virtual classrooms, taking
attendance is a mandatory routine at the start of every class. Tracking student attendance
helps the teachers to keep track of student absenteeism and punctuality. It helps schools
understand the average percentage of students attending school each day in the given year
and helps them find ways to avoid dropouts. This information, when shared with the
government authorities, also helps them work on policies to reduce truancy and keeps kids in
school.
• However, there are also many disadvantages of manual attendance system
• It is a time-consuming process huge amount of paperwork involved
• Reduces the classroom teaching time and productivity of the teacher
• High scope for human error when tabulating attendance
• Students can manipulate the system in many ways

The process of manually tracking attendance has always been a complicated and cumbersome
task. Over the years, several solutions have been developed to record student attendance. The
most popular of these is a Student Attendance Management System.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

CHAPTER 3: -
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Methodology

[Link] Diagram :-

Fig 1.0

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

4.2 Block Diagram Explanation

POWER SUPPLY
Circuit requires 5V DC for LCD module, RTC module, microcontroller, finger print sensor. This
power supply can be provided 12V transformer with rectifier, filter, and regulator of 5V.

LCD DISPLAY
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of
applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in
various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other
multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have
no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven segments),
animations and so on.
A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2
such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two
registers, namely, Command and Data.

RTC
A real-time clock (RTC) is a battery-powered clock that is included in a microchip in a
computer motherboard. This microchip is usually separate from the microprocessor and other
chips and is often referred to simply as "the CMOS" (complementary metal-oxide
semiconductor)
.
GSM MODEM
A GSM modem or GSM module is a device that uses GSM mobile telephone technology to
provide a wireless data link to a network. GSM modems are used in mobile telephones and
other equipment that communicates with mobile telephone networks. They use SIMs to identify
their device to the network.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :-

Fig 1.1

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

WORKING :-

Here circuit requires 5V regulated DC supply & 12V DC. We used here 230V to 12V-0-
12V step down transformer. The output AC of transformer 12V is rectified by Center tap
rectifier. Rectified output is pulsating it is pure by the capacitor filter of 1000uf 25V. Now the
out of capacitor is DC 12V-15V according to transformer ratings given to the Arduino board,
which is required to convert in 5V regulated for microcontroller and other devices, here we have
used LM7805 regulator for getting 5V regulated DC. For motor driver it is separately used to
cancel loading effect.
In this atmega-328 microcontroller works with 16MHz frequency used for (timer
configuration), the unwanted frequency produced is bypassed by the capacitor of 27pf capacitor.
Reset pin is connected to resistor of 10K whenever reset requires the reset switch (2 lead push to
ON switch/ micro push to on switch) required pressing.
LCD data pins (D4 to D7) is connected to the pin 10, pin 11, pin12, pin 13 to send the
data for the LCD display. The control pins of LCD display is connected to pin 8, pin 9,
respectively take action as RS, E. Variable resistor of 10K (or fixed 2.2K) is connected to the
adjust contrast of 16X2 LCD display. 10uf capacitor is used to cancel loading effect and 0.1uf is
used to bypass the unwanted spikes produced in the circuit.
Pin 0 RXD (1) and 1 TXD (2) are serial communication pins used to interface with finger
print modem. This modem has TXD and RXD pins for transmit and receive data or commands
serially. Microcontroller atmega328 works with 5V DC. Pin RXD (6) and TXD (7) are serial
communication pins used to interface with GSM modem. This modem has TXD and RXD pins
for transmit and receive data or commands serially. Microcontroller atmega328 works with 5V
DC.
PIN A4 and A5 is used as receive data from RTC module and after read it arduino drives
data to the LCD display in time and date format.
All capacitors of 0.1uf near analog / digital/ microcontroller IC’s are connected to reduce
spikes in the circuit, spikes produced by inductive load/ sparking contacts of loads and capacitor
of 1000uf/25V at regulator output is connected for the cancel loading effect in the circuit while
driving the high current source

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

LIST OF COMPONENTS

SR. COMPONENT NAME QUANTITY

NO
1 Atmega328 1
2 LM7805 1
3 Diodes 2
4 Resistor 1K 6
5 Resistor 10K 6
6 RTC module 1
7 LED 2
8 Push to ON switch 1
9 LCD 16x2 1
10 Mains cord 1
11 Bug strip 2
12 Transformer 1
13 Finger print module 1
14 Voice play module 1
15 Capacitor 6
16 Tblock connector 2
17 Crystal 1
18 Setup -
19 GSM modem 1
20 PCB 4*6*30

Table 1.0

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COMPONENT AND DATA-SHEET

The basic component used in this project its description and function is given
bellow.

1. Resistor
2. Diode
3. Capacitor
4. Transformer
5. Data-sheet

[Link]
A package of material which exhibits a certain resistance made up into a single unit is called
a resistor. Different res. having the same resistance value may be different in physical size
and construction depending on its power and applications.

Fig 1.2
Chip resistor is becoming more common nowadays replacing carbon film resistor
Figure1.3 above shows a typical carbon film res. which is commonly used in the market.

Fig 5.3

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

VALUE AND TOLERANCE OF RESISTANCE

Unit of resistance is ohms; the symbol for ohm is an omega. Res. values are normally
shown using coloured bands. Each colour represents a number as shown in the table below.

Table 1.2

Table 1.3

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

[Link] :-

Fig 1.4

There are many types of semiconductor diodes namely Selenium, Germanium and
Silicon types. Selenium type is commonly used in the early days in ac power suppliers but in
recent years it has been replaced by silicon type as it sometimes emit toxic fumes when it
burnt out. The characteristic is that it allows current to flow in one direction as shown in the
symbol below. It has a cathode and an anode which determine the flow of the current. Current
can only flow from anode to cathode.

Fig 1.5
Silicon V-I characteristics are shown in the figure below. The junction barrier for
silicon is about 0.7V and for Germanium is about 0.3V. It is also called forward voltage drop.
Most of the diode used today is of silicon type as they are robust and reliable from DC to RF
small signal applications.

Fig 1.6
The Peak Reverse Voltage (PIV) of silicon types is available up to 1000 volts or more. They
can also carry up to 100A DC current. In typical applications, it is advisable to ensure that it

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

operates within the maximum ratings specified by the manufacturer and apply the Failure Mode
and Effects Analysis to the device. The temperature of the device is one of the more important
parameters to consider. Heat sinks may be used where they have to handle large amount of
power.
When reverse voltage is applied, there will be a small leakage current usually in the
region of uA. Beyond this voltage, it will breakdown and will be damaged permanently.

TYPES OF COMMERCIAL AVAILABLE DIODE

Maximum
Maximum
Reverse
Diode Current
Voltage
1N4001 1A 50V
1N4007 1A 1000V
1N5401 3A 100V
1N5408 3A 1000V
Table 1.4

[Link] ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

Compact but glossy, these are available in the range of <1 µF to 1 F with working
voltages up to several hundred volts DC. The dielectric is a thin layer of aluminum oxide. They
contain corrosive liquid and can burst if the device is connected backwards. The oxide
insulating layer will tend to deteriorate in the absence of a sufficient rejuvenating voltage, and
eventually the capacitor will lose its ability to withstand voltage if voltage is not applied. A
capacitor to which this has happened can often be "reformed" by connecting it to a voltage
source through a resistor and allowing the resulting current to slowly restore the oxide layer.
Bipolar electrolytic (also called Non-Polarized or NP capacitors) contain two capacitors
connected in series opposition and are used when the DC bias voltage must occasionally
reverse. Bad frequency and temperature characteristics make them unsuited for high-frequency
applications. Typical values are a few nf to fared.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Fig 1.7
A capacitor or condenser is a passive electronic component consisting of a pair of condenser
separated by a dielectric. When a voltage potential difference exists between the conductors,
an electric field is present in the dielectric. This field stores energy and produces a mechanical
force between the plates. The effect is greatest between wide, flat, parallel, narrowly separated
conductor.

The applications of capacitor are energy storage, power factor correction, signal coupling, noise
filters, and motor starters.

[Link]
A transformer uses the principles of electromagnetism to change one A.C. voltage level
to another. Faraday's work in the 19th century showed that a changing current in a conductor
(e.g. a transformer primary winding) sets up a changing magnetic field around the conductor.
If another conductor (secondary winding) is placed within this changing magnetic field a
voltage will be induced into that winding

4.1)Turns Ratio.

Faraday also calculated that the voltage induced into the secondary winding would have a
magnitude that depends on the TURNS RATIO of the transformer. i.e. If the secondary winding
has half the number of turns of the primary winding, then the secondary voltage will be half
the voltage across the primary winding. Likewise, if the secondary winding has twice the
number of turns of the primary winding, the secondary voltage will be double the primary
voltage.

4.2)Power ratio.

Because the transformer is a passive component, (it has no external power supply) it cannot
produce more power out from its secondary than is applied to its primary. Therefore if the
secondary voltage is greater than the primary voltage by a particular amount, the secondary

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

current will be smaller than the primary current by a similar amount, i.e. If the voltage
isdoubled the current will be halved

Fig 1.8

5.)LM78XX 3-TERMINAL 1A POSITIVE VOLTAGE REGULATOR

FEATURES

• Output Current up to 1A
• Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V
• Thermal Overload Protection
• Short Circuit Protection
• Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection

DESCRIPTION

The MC78XX/LM78XX/MC78XXA series of three terminal positive

regulators are available in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages,
making them useful in a wide range of applications. Each type employs internal current
limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating area protection, making it essentially
indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1A output current.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with
external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents.

Fig 1.9

INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 1.10

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Parameter Symbol Value Unit

Input Voltage (for VO = 5V to VI 35 V

18V) (for VO = 24V) VI 40 V

Thermal Resistance Junction- RþX 5 O

Cases (TO-220) C/W

Thermal Resistance Junction-Air RþA 65 O

(TO-220) C/W

Operating Temperature Range TOPR 0~ O

+125 C

Storage Temperature Range TSTG -65 ~ O

+150 C

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Table

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

Notes:
1. To specify an output voltage. Substitute voltage value for "XX." A common ground is
required between the input and the Output voltage. The input voltage must remain
typically 2.0V above the output voltage even during the low point on the input ripple
voltage.
2. CI is required if regulator is located an appreciable distance from power Supply filter
3. CO improves stability and transient response.

NEGATIVE OUT PUT VOLTAGE CIRCUIT

Fig 5.10

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR

Fig 5.11

A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a
vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise
frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time (as in quartz wristwatches),
to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for
radio transmitters and receivers. The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the
quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits incorporating them became known as crystal oscillators,
but other piezoelectric materials including polycrystalline ceramics are used in similar circuits.

Quartz crystals are manufactured for frequencies from a few tens of kilohertz to hundreds of
megahertz. More than two billion crystals are manufactured annually. Most are used for
consumer devices such as wristwatches, clocks, radios, computers, and cell-phones. Quartz
crystals are also found inside test and measurement equipment, such as counters, signal
generators, and oscilloscopes.

Ceramic caps with crystal act as loading capacitor for oscillator. Usually they are used
for adjusting the crystal frequency. Crystal oscillator vendors specify the value of loading caps
to be used along with oscillator to give the perfect frequency. If we check a crystal alone on an
oscilloscope you will find that frequency is little higher than that of what is specified, so loading
caps shift this frequency to a lower value normally the required value.

LCD 16 x 2 DISPLAY

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of
applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various
devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi segment
LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of
displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD
each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command
and Data.

The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an
instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting
the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on
the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD. Click to
learn more about internal structure of a LCD.

Pin Diagram:-

Fig 5.12

Pin Description:

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Pin No Function Name

1 Ground (0V) Ground

2 Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V – 5.3V) Vcc
3 Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor VEE

4 Selects command register when low; and data register when Register Select
high
5 Low to write to the register; High to read from the register Read/write

6 Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given Enable

7 DB0
8 DB1
9 DB2
10 DB3
8-bit data pins
11 DB4
12 DB5
13 DB6
14 DB7

15 Backlight VCC (5V) Led+

16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led-

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

CHAPTER 5:-
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
DESIGN

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

FINGER PRINT SENSOR R307

This is the R307 Optical Fingerprint Reader Sensor Module. R307 fingerprint module
is a fingerprint sensor with a TTL UART interface for direct connections to microcontroller
UART or to PC through MAX232 / USB-Serial adapter. The user can store the fingerprint data
in the module and can configure it in 1:1 or 1: N mode for identifying the person.

Fig 1.13

The FP module can directly interface with a 3.3 or 5v Microcontroller. A level converter (like
MAX232) is required for interfacing with PC serial port.
Integrated image collecting and algorithm chip together, All-in-one Fingerprint reader can
conduct secondary development, can be embedded into a variety of end products. Users can
conduct secondary development, can be embedded into a variety of end products, such as
access control, attendance, safety deposit box, car door locks.

Low power consumption, low cost, small size, excellent performance, Professional optical
technology, precise module manufacturing technics. Good image processing capabilities can
successfully capture an image up to resolution 500 dpi Finger detection function.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Features:
1. Integrated image collecting and algorithm chip together, ALL-in-One.
2. The fingerprint reader can conduct secondary development, can be embedded into a
variety of end products.
3. Low power consumption, low cost, small size, excellent performance.
4. Professional optical technology, precise module manufacturing techniques.
5. Good image processing capabilities can successfully capture an image up to resolution
500 dpi.

GSM MODEM SIM 800C

A GSM modem or GSM module is a device that uses GSM mobile telephone
technology to provide a wireless data link to a network. GSM modems are used in mobile
telephones and other equipment that communicates with mobile telephone networks. They use
SIMs to identify their device to the network.

Fig 1.14

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Specifications

• Operating Voltage DC 7V to 12V for modem

• Operating Voltage DC 3.3V toward 4.3V for module

• Quad-Band 850/ 900/ 1800/ 1900 MHz.

• Weight: 75g.

• GPRS multi-slot class 10/8.

• GPRS mobile station class B.

• Control via AT commands

RTC DS1307 MODULE

What are Real Time Clocks?

Real time clocks (RTC), as the name recommends are clock modules. The DS1307 real time
clock (RTC) IC is an 8 pin device using an I2C interface. The DS1307 is a low-power
clock/calendar with 56 bytes of battery backup SRAM. The clock/calendar provides seconds,
minutes, hours, day, date, month and year qualified data. The end date of each month is
automatically adjusted, especially for months with less than 31 days.

They are available as integrated circuits (ICs) and supervise timing like a clock and also
operate date like a calendar. The main advantage of RTC is that they have an arrangement of
battery backup which keeps the clock/calendar running even if there is power failure. An
exceptionally little current is required for keeping the RTC animated. We can find these
RTCs in many applications like embedded systems and computer mother boards, etc. In this
article we are going to see about one of the real time clock (RTC), i.e. DS1307.

Fig .1.1

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Pin Description of DS1307:

Pin 1, 2: Connections for standard 32.768 kHz quartz crystal. The internal oscillator circuitry
is intended for operation with a crystal having a specified load capacitance of 12.5pF. X1 is the
input to the oscillator and can alternatively be connected to an external 32.768 kHz oscillator.
The output of the internal oscillator, X2 is drifted if an external oscillator is connected to X1.

Pin 3: Battery input for any standard 3V lithium cell or other energy source. Battery voltage
should be between 2V and 3.5V for suitable operation. The nominal write protect trip point
voltage at which access to the RTC and user RAM is denied is set by the internal circuitry as
1.25 x VBAT nominal. A lithium battery with 48mAhr or greater will backup the DS1307 for
more than 10 years in the absence of power at 25ºC. UL recognized to ensure against reverse
charging current when utilized as a part of conjunction with a lithium battery.

Pin 4: Ground.

Pin 5: Serial data input/output. The input/output for the I2C serial interface is the SDA, which
is open drain and requires a pull up resistor, allowing a pull up voltage upto 5.5V. Regardless
of the voltage on VCC.

Pin 6: Serial clock input. It is the I2C interface clock input and is used in data synchronization.

Pin 7: Square wave/output driver. When enabled, the SQWE bit set to 1, the SQW/OUT pin
outputs one of four square-wave frequencies (1Hz, 4 kHz, 8 kHz, and 32 kHz). This is also
open drain and requires an external pull-up resistor. It requires application of either Vcc or Vb
at to operate SQW/OUT, with an allowable pull up voltage of 5.5V and can be left floating, if
not used.

Pin 8: Primary power supply. When voltage is applied within normal limits, the device is fully
accessible and data can be written and read. When a backup supply is connected to the device
and VCC is below VTP, read and writes are inhibited. However at low voltages, the
timekeeping function still functions.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Features:

• Programmable square wave output signal

• Automatic power-fail detect and switch circuitry
• Consumes less than 500nA in battery backup mode with oscillator running
• Available in 8-pin DIP or SOIC
• Underwriters Laboratory (UL) recognized
• Real-time clock (RTC) counts seconds, minutes, hours, date of the month, month, day of the
week, and year with leap-year compensation valid up to 2100
• 56-byte non-volatile RAM for data storage
• Two-wire interface (I2C)
Using the DS1307 is primarily written to and read the registers of this chip. The memory contains
all 64 DS1307 8-bit registers are addressed from 0 to 63 (from 00H to 3FH the hexadecimal
system). The first eight registers are used for the clock register the remaining 56 vacant can be
used as RAM contains temporary variable if desired. The first seven registers contain
information about the time of the clock including: seconds, minutes, hours, secondary, date,
month and year. The DS1307 include several components such as power circuits, oscillator
circuits, logic controller and I2C interface circuit and the address pointer register (or RAM).
Let’s see the working of DS1307.

Working of DS1307:

Fig 1.16

In the simple circuit the two inputs X1 and X2 are connected to a 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator
as the source for the chip. VBAT is connected to positive culture of a 3V battery chip. Vcc
power to the I2C interface is 5V and can be given using microcontrollers. If the power supply
Vcc is not granted read and writes are inhibited.

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MICROCONTROLLER IN ARDUINO BOARD

(ATMEGA328)

Why ATmega328
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.

What is ATmega328 & ARDUINO

Difference between Arduino and ATmega328 AVR. In short an ATmega328 is a

microcontroller chip found on Arduino Uno boards. ATmega328 microcontrollers are from the
8-bit AVR microcontroller family. In this case it is a small square chip soldered on top of the
Arduino.

Fig 1.17

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

FEATURES

1. High Performance, Low Power AVR® 8-Bit Microcontrolle

2. Advanced RISC Architecture
3. 131 Powerful Instructions
4. Most Single Clock Cycle Execution
5. 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
6. Fully Static Operation
7. Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz
8. On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
9. High Endurance Non-volatile Memory Segments
10. 4/8/16/32K Bytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash progam memory
(ATmega48P/88P/168P/328P)
11. 256/512/512/1K Bytes EEPROM (ATmega48P/88P/168P/328P)
12. 512/1K/1K/2K Bytes Internal SRAM (ATmega48P/88P/168P/328P)
13. Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM
14. Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C(1)
15. Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits In-System Programming by On-
chip Boot Program True Read-While-Write Operation
16. Programming Lock for Software Security
17. High Performance, Low Power AVR® 8-Bit Microcontrolle
18. Advanced RISC Architecture
19. 131 Powerful Instructions
20. Most Single Clock Cycle Execution
21. 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
22. Fully Static Operation
23. Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz
24. On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
25. High Endurance Non-volatile Memory Segments
26. 4/8/16/32K Bytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash progam memory
(ATmega48P/88P/168P/328P)
27. 256/512/512/1K Bytes EEPROM (ATmega48P/88P/168P/328P)
28. 512/1K/1K/2K Bytes Internal SRAM (ATmega48P/88P/168P/328P)

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

29. Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM

30. Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C(1)
31. Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits In-System Programming by On-
chip Boot Program True Read-While-Write Operation
32. Programming Lock for Software Security

• Peripheral Features

1. Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler and Compare Mode

2. One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture Mode
3. Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator
4. Six PWM Channels
5. 6-channel 10-bit ADC in PDIP Package Temperature Measurement
6. Programmable Serial USART
7. Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
8. Byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface (Philips I2 C compatible)
9. Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator
10. Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler and Compare Mode
11. One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture Mode
12. Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator
13. Six PWM Channels
14. 6-channel 10-bit ADC in PDIP Package Temperature Measurement
15. Programmable Serial USART
16. Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
17. Byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface (Philips I2 C compatible)
18. Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator
19. On-chip Analog Comparator – Interrupt and Wake-up on Pin Change

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Special Microcontroller Features

1. Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
2. Internal Calibrated Oscillator – External and Internal Interrupt Sources
3. Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby, and
Extended Standby
4. I/O and Packages – 23 Programmable I/O Lines
5. 28-pin PDIP, 32-lead TQFP, 28-pad QFN/MLF and 32-pad QFN/MLF
6. Operating Voltage: – 1.8 - 5.5V for ATmega48P/88P/168PV – 2.7 - 5.5V for
ATmega48P/88P/168P – 1.8 - 5.5V for ATmega328P
7. Temperature Range: – -40°C to 85°C
8. Speed Grade: – ATmega48P/88P/168PV: 0 - 4 MHz @ 1.8 - 5.5V, 0 - 10 MHz @
5.5V – ATmega48P/88P/168P: 0 - 10 MHz @ 2.7 - 5.5V, 0 - 20 MHz @ 4.5 - 5.5V –
ATmega328P: 0 - 4 MHz @ 1.8 - 5.5V, 0 - 10 MHz @ 2.7 - 5.5V, 0 - 20 MHz @ 4.5 - 5.5V
9. Low Power Consumption at 1 MHz, 1.8V, 25°C for ATmega48P/88P/168P:
[Link] Mode: 0.3 mA Power-down Mode: 0.1 µA

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

ARDUINO BASIC PROGRAMMING STEPS

Now you’re ready to start programming! There are four steps to writing a program and
running it on your LilyPad: 1. Write the program 2. Compile the program 3. Upload the
program to the LilyPad 4. Run the program on the LilyPad.

WRITE THE PROGRAM

You’ll begin by trying out pre-written example code that is included in the Arduino
software. “Write” is a slightly inaccurate description for the moment, but don’t worry, you’ll
be writing your own programs soon.

Click on the upward pointing arrow in the Toolbar to open Arduino’s built-in library of
examples. Select [Link] → Blink. You can also get a new window with this code by going
to the File menu and selecting Examples → [Link] → Blink.

The example program you opened should look kind of like the one below. Note: the
example code in Arduino has changed a bit since the Sew Electric book was written, so your
window will look slightly different.

This program is written in a programming language called C. The Arduino software

only understands programs written in C, so you’ll be learning how to write C programs.
Assume for a moment that you’ve written this program. The next step is to compile it.

As was mentioned above, your program will probably look slightly different. In
particular, the areas of grey text (the comments) in your code may be different. Don’t worry,
your program will work the same way that the example program does.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

COMPILE THE PROGRAM

When a program is compiled it is translated from the code that you wrote into a new
code called hex code that the LilyPad can understand. The hex code is a very condensed form
of the code that you wrote—essentially it is a long string of numbers. An excerpt of hex code
is shown below.

:1038D00040E350E0225330404040504057FFFACF81
:1038E000962F9F5F692F981728F3909309020895E8
:1038F000982F8091C00085FFFCCF9093C60008955B
:10390000EF92FF920F931F93EE24FF248701809183
:10391000C00087FD17C00894E11CF11C011D111D9A

As you can see, hex code is pretty hard to understand and would be even harder to write! This
is why you write C code instead of hex code. If you’ve made any mistakes in your C code,
they will be detected during the compiling phase and you will have to correct them before
your code will compile. Only perfectly formatted and punctuated and grammatically correct
C code—code with perfect syntax will compile into hex code. To compile your Blink
program, click on the checkmark button in the Toolbar. When you scroll over this button you
should see the word “Verify”.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

A progress bar that shows how long the compiling process will take will appear in the Status
Bar.

If there are no errors in your program, your compilation will be successful and a “Done
compiling.” message will appear in the Status Bar. The Feedback Area will display a message
that tells you the size of your compiled program.

If there are errors in your program—if your C code is formatted incorrectly for
instance—your compilation will fail. In this case, the Status Bar will turn orange and a
confusing compile error message will appear. You will also get a more detailed and equally
confusing error message in the Feedback Area.

Most of the error messages that appear in the Status Bar and Feedback Area will be
perplexing. They are the computer’s way of telling you what’s wrong. Don’t worry if you don’t
understand them, but you might be able to get some hints about the error in your program by
reading them carefully. As you get more familiar with them, they’ll become (slightly) more
helpful.

Try editing your program to introduce an error. Add a new line of random text to the
top of the code. Click the compile button to see what happens. Most likely the error message
that appears will be meaningless to you. If you can make sense of it, you are a programming
prodigy!

But Arduino does do one very useful thing when it detects an error. It highlights the
line where the error was detected or moves the cursor near where the error was detected.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

This can be a good clue about where the problem that you need to correct is located. Keep this
in mind as you write and debug your own programs.

Remove the extra line you added and recompile your program before moving on to the next
step.

UPLOAD THE PROGRAM TO THE LILYPAD

Once your program has compiled and hex code has been generated, the next step is to
upload the hex code onto your Lilypad. To upload the compiled code, click on the rightward
pointing arrow button in Toolbar. When you scroll over this button, you’ll see the word
“Upload.”

After you click it, you’ll see messages in the Status Bar telling you that the program is
being compiled and then uploaded. If the upload is successful, you’ll see a “Done uploading”
message in the Status Bar. A message in the Feedback Area will tell you the size of your
uploaded program and the amount of memory available on the Lilypad.

If you have not set up your LilyPad properly, the upload process will fail. The Status
Bar will turn orange and an error message will appear. If you receive an error like this, return
to the setup section of this tutorial and make sure that you have completed all of the
necessary setup steps including selecting the appropriate Serial Port and board in the Arduino
software. If you are still having problems, see the troubleshooting chart at the end of this
chapter.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Flow chart of the program.

Fig 1.18

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PCB DESIGNING

In this chapter we are going to study about PCB (printed circuit board). To making PCB
following procedure should know.

• Bottom layout of the circuit

• Top layout of the circuit

• PCB designing procedure.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF PCB MAKING

1. Screen printing
2. .Photo printing.

1) SCREEN PRINTING

PCB production by photo printing method is expensive, through accurate. The screen
process uses a resist ink applied through a stencil or mask to the surface of the blank circuit
board. The stencil is produced and attached to a fine mesh, metal, nylon, polyester or silk
screen. The resist ink is forced through openings in the stencil onto the surface of the blank
board. This process produces a positive of the circuit on the copper foil. When dry the board is
ready for etching.
2) PREPARATION OF SCREEN
A light rectangular wooden frame is used for this purpose. A piece of screen fabric
material is stretched tightly over the frame. Commercial screens are often made of a fine wire
mesh. Special frames are available in the market to hold this screen. The frame is hinged on
one end of the base of printing board. This base of the printing board is larger in area than the
frame. The following equipment’s are used for screen printing process.
1. Photosensitive film. 2. Developer. 3. Blackout solution. 4. A rubber squeeze.
5. The resist paint or ink.
A pre-sensitized film is used to make the screen stencil. A major source of this material and
relater screen process suppliers is the Ulano Company (USA) and wood peck industries
(Bombay’ India).
The exposure process is very similar to that used to make photographic negative. A black sheet
of paper is placed on the exposure board. A piece of film larger than the circuit board is placed
film-side down (plastic backing side up) on the top of the paper. The art work is placed on the

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

top of film. They are all held in place with a piece of untainted glass. Exposure is about 8
minutes using a number two photoflood lamp. The lamp should be about 18 inch above the
film and glass. After exposure, the film is put in a tray of developing solution for about 90
seconds. Only the developer available from the above companies should be used. Screen
preparation chemicals are also available from lunar caustic PVT. Ltd., Pune, Raman industries,
Bombay. It is sold in two packages identified as Hi-Fi A and B developer. The direction states
that the temperature of the developing solution should be between 40ºC and 46 ºC, but the film
in the tray emulsion-side up. The developing solution is not light sensitive as it is prepared
from light. The developer life is 24 hours. After that, it becomes useless, fresh developer is
required. The tray holding the film and developer must be oriented during development.
After the required time, the film is removed from the tray of developing solution. It is
washed in running warm water. Placing the soft side down on the bath may run the work. The
purpose of this process is to wash out the film and remove areas which will permute the ink to
be printed on to the blank circuit board. The wash out water should flow over the stencil. This
will wash away the unexposed emulation on the film. Use gentle water flow; otherwise, it will
damage the film. This process requires several minutes to complete. After the wash out is
finished, the film must cooled. This will firm the screen stencil. Return the film to flat surface.
The glass used to hold the film during the rinse process is convenient, but any solid flat surface
can be used. The stencil film is attached to the screen. In order to archives good adhesion, the
film stencil must be held on the flat surface and must be raised up higher than the surface you
are working on. Use a hard build-up of about 1/2”. Gently lower the screen and frame onto the
film. The weight of frame is sufficient to press the screen material onto the soft film emulsion.
Place a pad of unused newsprint on top of the screen. Gently wipe the newsprint with
a soft cloth. This will make the soft emulsion work up onto the screen. Don’t apply pressure;
change the newsprint until it no longer shows any green film colour. Do not use printed paper
for the pad. Only clean newsprint will work successfully. Once the moisture is removed by this
method, the screen is set aside to dry. This required about one hour of time. When the emulsion
is dry, the backing material is carefully peeled off the film. The result is negative mask, attached
to the screen. Check the screen again for leaks in areas which should be protected. Hold it under
a strong light. Tough up with a small paint brush and block out material thinned with water.

2.2) PRINTING BASE PREPARATION

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We have now a screen to which a stencil is attached. Areas, which are to appear on the
board as conductor or pads are clear. There is no blackout on the screen in these places. The
next step is to prepare printing base.
The blank board is placed on the printing frame in exactly the same place each time.
The registration guides are used to ensure good registration. Pieces of cardboard or scrap circuit
board are tacked in place on the base board. The registration guides are placed on three sides
of the area, surrounding the blank board. Sometimes a small piece of double sided tape is placed
in the centre to hold the board in place.
The screen frame is held to the printing board base with two hinges. Using a hinge with
a removable pin will make cleaning easier.
Now, for actually printing, the resist on PC board, place a clean blank board, copper
side up in the registration area of the base. Lower the screen and frame so that the screen resets
firmly on the copper foil. Pour some of the resist ink or paint on the screen in one of the blocked
out areas. Take a rubber squeeze, preferably the kind used for screen printing, and pull the ink
over the negative part of the screen. A piece of stiff cardboard may be substituted for the
squeeze. Continue pass over the negative in to a block out area. One pass of the ink over the
negative part of the screen should do if you have used enough ink. Gently lift the screen frame.
The board with resist pattern on the circuit should be seen in all its glory. Carefully left the
board from the registration area on the base. Set it aside to dry, the board is ready for etching
when the ink on it is dry. There are several different kinds of ink resists available. Some use a
water-based ink, and other use a lacquer or oil base. Oil base ink is much slow drying than
lacquer-based ink. This means that the clean-up may be delayed with oil-based products. On
the other hand, lacquer-based ink dries faster and thus speed up the overall processing time of
the board. The next step is to clean the board and send it for etching.

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2.3) ETCHING THE BOARD

All the work done so far has been to prepare a blank copper board for etching. Thematically,
any one of the following solutions is used to etch a board. Ammonium persulphate.
• Chromic acid.
• Cupric chloride.
• Ferric chloride.
The most common etchant used in industry is ferric chloride (Fecl3). It is cheap chemical and
lest dangerous and easily available in market. Never use kitchen utensils for holding etching
solution. Etching is the process of attacking and removing the unprotected copper from the PC
board to yield the desired conductor pattern.
Methods of etching include tray rocking, tank etching and spray etching. Out of these,
tray rocking is the simplest one. This consists of a tray of pirex glass, attached to a powered
rocking table. If powered rocking table is not available, then the PC board is kept on the glass
marbles which are kept in the tray along with the etchant solution. Dry etchants are available
liquid etchants are available. Ferric chloride crystals of 500gm are mixed in water to make total
solution of 1 litter. During the etching process, the concentration weakens because the soluble
cupric and ferric ions precipitate out of the solution, in the form of sludge that tends to settle
on the bottom of the etching vat.
Ideal etching condition requires that the etchant be heated to a temperature of between
60º to 70 º C. with the temperature maintained reasonably constant, the length of time required
for etching will be consistent.

2..4) DRILLING OPERATION

The PCB gives the holes to take the various components that will be mounted on it.
With greatest precision, these holes must be drilled.
In industry, depending on production volumes, manual, semi – automatic or
pneumatically – controlled drilling equipment’s are used.
A whole stack of boards can be drilled using various jigs and bushes. The speed of drill
is an important consideration with maintaining the size and location of holes with required
tolerances and minimizing deformity at their edges.
1. For paper laminates, high speed steel can be used at 8000rpm or less.
2. For epoxy – glass laminates, it uses tungsten carbide bit at about 15,000 rpm.
3. For high precision, the drill is at 1, 00,000 rpm.

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4. If accuracy is not important, jigs are used to punch all holes in PCB.
5. When holes are drilled in a PCB, the laminate is uncovered in PTH.
To provide a conducting layer within the holes, electrode less copper platting is used. The plate
is coated with palladium and immersed in an electrolyte containing copper ions.

Front side back side

Fig 1.19

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

CHAPTER 5 REESULT

Results
1. Improved attendance tracking: A fingerprint-based attendance system can provide accurate
and reliable attendance tracking, eliminating the need for manual or paper-based methods
that can be prone to errors or fraudulent practices such as buddy punching.
2. Time and cost savings: Automating the attendance tracking process with a fingerprint-
based system can save time and reduce administrative overhead associated with manual
attendance tracking methods. It can also eliminate the need for physical attendance
registers, ID cards, or other traditional methods, potentially resulting in cost savings.
3. Enhanced security: Fingerprint-based attendance systems can provide a higher level of
security compared to traditional methods, as fingerprints are unique to individuals and
difficult to forge. This can help prevent unauthorized access to attendance records and
reduce the risk of fraud or identity theft.
4. Real-time data: With a GSM-based system, attendance data can be transmitted in real-time
to a central database, allowing for immediate access to attendance information for
monitoring and analysis purposes. This can help improve decision-making and enable
timely interventions for attendance-related issues.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

CHAPTER 6:ADVANTAGES,
[Link]

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Applications

1. Schools and educational institutions: The system can be used in schools and educational
institutions to automate attendance tracking for students and staff. It can help monitor
attendance in classrooms, laboratories, or other facilities, and provide real-time data to track
attendance patterns, identify trends, and facilitate timely interventions for students who
may be consistently absent.
2. Offices and workplaces: The system can be implemented in offices and workplaces to track
attendance of employees. It can help improve workforce management by providing
accurate attendance data for payroll processing, performance evaluation, and leave
management. It can also eliminate time fraud practices such as buddy punching and
promote accountability among employees.
3. Events and conferences: The system can be used in events, conferences, or workshops to
track attendance of participants. It can streamline registration processes, monitor session
attendance, and generate attendance reports for event organizers or sponsors.
4. Government and public institutions: The system can be deployed in government offices or
public institutions to track attendance of public servants, officials, or visitors. It can help
ensure compliance with attendance policies, promote accountability, and improve
efficiency in public service delivery.
5. Healthcare facilities: The system can be used in hospitals, clinics, or other healthcare
facilities to track attendance of staff and monitor their attendance in critical areas such as
operation theatres or emergency rooms. It can help ensure timely presence of healthcare
professionals and improve patient care.
6. Other settings: The system can be applied in various other settings where attendance
tracking is required, such as research labs, libraries, fitness centers, or any organization or
event where monitoring attendance is necessary for administrative or security purposes.

ADVANTAGES

1. Accurate and reliable attendance tracking: Fingerprint-based attendance systems are

highly accurate as fingerprints are unique to individuals, reducing the chances of errors or
fraudulent practices such as buddy punching. This ensures that the attendance data
captured is reliable and trustworthy.

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

2. Automated and efficient process: The system automates the attendance tracking process,
eliminating the need for manual or paper-based methods. This saves time and reduces
administrative overhead associated with attendance management, allowing for a more
efficient and streamlined process.
3. Enhanced security: Fingerprint-based attendance systems provide a higher level of
security compared to traditional methods, such as ID cards or passwords, which can be
lost, stolen, or shared. Fingerprint biometrics are unique to each individual, making it
difficult for unauthorized individuals to impersonate or manipulate attendance records,
enhancing overall security.
4. Real-time data and reporting: With GSM-based connectivity, the attendance data can be
transmitted in real-time to a central database, allowing for immediate access to attendance
information. This enables real-time monitoring, tracking, and reporting of attendance
data, facilitating timely decision-making and interventions as needed.
5. Reduced time fraud and buddy punching: Time fraud, such as employees or students
clocking in for each other (buddy punching), can be effectively prevented with
fingerprint-based attendance systems, as each individual's attendance is tied to their
unique fingerprint. This promotes accountability and discourages dishonest practices

DISADVANTAGES : -

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CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION
Conclusion
In conclusion, a fingerprint-based attendance system using GSM offers numerous benefits
for organizations or settings that require reliable, accurate, and efficient attendance tracking.
The use of fingerprint biometrics provides a high level of security, reduces the chances of
time fraud or buddy punching, and promotes accountability among users. The system
automates the attendance tracking process, eliminating the need for manual or paper-based
methods and reducing administrative overhead. Real-time data transmission and reporting
through GSM connectivity enable timely monitoring and decision-making. The scalability,
flexibility, and cost-effectiveness of the system make it suitable for various applications and
organization sizes
Implementing a fingerprint-based attendance system using GSM can streamline attendance
management, improve organizational efficiency, and enhance security. It can also save time
and resources, reduce administrative burdens, and provide accurate attendance data for
payroll processing, performance evaluation, and compliance monitoring. Overall, the
conclusion of this project is that a fingerprint-based attendance system using GSM can be a
reliable, secure, and efficient solution for attendance tracking in various settings, leading to
improved attendance management and organizational effectiveness.

Budget and Components list .

SR. COMPONENT NAME QUANTITY PRISE

NO
1 Atmega328 1 740=00
2 RTC module 1 450=00
3 LCD 16x2 1 220=00
4 Mains cord 1 20=00
5 Finger print module 1 3250=00
6 GSM modem 1 1350=00
7 PCB 4*6*30 720=00
Table 1.0

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CHAPTER 8 FUTURE SCOPE

Future scope :-
1. Integration with other biometric technologies: While fingerprint biometrics are widely
used, there are other biometric technologies such as facial recognition, iris scanning, and
voice recognition that could be integrated with the system to provide multiple layers of
authentication and enhance security.
2. Mobile application integration: The system can be integrated with a mobile application that
allows employees or students to mark attendance using their smartphones, providing more
flexibility and convenience. The mobile application can also provide additional features
such as leave application, shift management, and real-time notifications.
3. Cloud-based storage and analytics: The attendance data captured by the system can be
stored in a cloud-based database, allowing for remote access, data analytics, and reporting.
This can provide valuable insights into attendance patterns, trends, and performance

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CHAPTER 9 REFERENCE & BIBIOGRAPHY

References: -

[1]. A Fingerprint based Attendance Management System using GSM

Authors : Dr. B. Chellaprabha, S. Dhilipkumar, P. Ajesh, S. Giridhar IJERT 24-
04-2018

[2]. FINGERPRINT BASED ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

L.S. Ezema, C.K.A. Joe-Uzuegbu, J. N. Eneh and I. Amanze 2020

[3]. Biometric-Based Attendance Tracking System for Education Sectors Haidi

Ibrahim 15 Sept 2019

[4] BASED BIOMETRIC ATTENDANCE [4] IOT SYSTEM USING ARDUINO.

17.3,2021

Bibliography:-
[1]. A Fingerprint based Attendance Management System using GSM Authors

: Dr. B. Chellaprabha, S. Dhilipkumar, P. Ajesh, S. Giridhar IJERT 24-04-2018

[2]. FINGERPRINT BASED ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM L.S.

Ezema, C.K.A. Joe-Uzuegbu, J. N. Eneh and I. Amanze 2020

[3]. [3]. Biometric-Based Attendance Tracking System for Education Sectors Haidi

Ibrahim 15 Sept 2019

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 FINGER PRINT BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Actual circuit

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