Vyadhikshamatva

According to Ayurveda
• Definition:
व्य�घ�मत्वं नाम व्य�घबल�वरो�धत्वं व्यघत्ु पादकप्र�तबन्धकत्व�ग�त |

( च.स.ु २६/८१ (चक्रपा�ण)

 Vyadhikshamatva comprises of two factors:

1)व्याघ्यत्ु पादप्र�तबन्धकत्वम ् |

 Resistance to formation of resistance to causative factors of

diseases.

2) व्या�धबल�वरो�धत्वम ् |
 Capacity to prevent the spread of disease in the body, and capacity
as immunity.

 It depends upon following factors:

1)Bala: The natural inherent strength power of the body which is

responsible for health.
2) Prakruti: The primary constitution of an individual. Vata Prakruti
person is said to be sada atura due to poor vyadhikshamatva,kapha
Prakruti with good Bala and least number of disease.
3) Desha: people who dwell in Jangala Desha are said to be suffering
from disease.
4)Kala: visarga Kala and Yuva avastha is said to have maximum
vyadhikshamatva .

5) ojas: Dalhana opines that the abyantara Bala is derived from oja. As
Bala is derived from excellency of healthy dhatus ojas also contributes
Bala and enhance general health and also vyadhikshamatva.

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• General concept of Bala:
प्राकृतस्तु बलं श्लेष्म तदै व बलमच्
ु यते ।

 The sleshma in its state of normalcy ( prakruta avastha) is knows as

the Bala.

• Balavriddhikarabhaava:

The factors increasing the Bala of an individual include:

1) Born in a place where all individuals posses good bala.

2) Born at time wherein all individuals are bestowed with
bala.(balavat purusha kaale) i.e in visarga kaale.
3) The season being in its best state i.e free from
heena,mithya,atiyoga of kaal(sukhascha kaala yoga).
4) The beeja(sukra)and the Kshetra (garbhaasaya) possessing the
best attributes (beeja Kshetra guna Sampat).
5) Well nourishing diet (aahaara-sqmpqt).
6) Getting habituated to only congenial things(saatmya Sampat).
7) Well built body (sareera Sampat)
8) Good mental makeup (satva Sampat).
9) All the deeds in previous birth and this birth being in the righteous
manner (swabhaava samsiddhi).
10)Practising vyaayaama, etc. to promote strength ( karma).
11) The state of youthfulness (yauvana).
12)Mental pleasure (samharsha).

• Bala pareeksha:
The Bala of an individual is inferred with the help of anumaana pramaana
by examining his ability to perform physical activities ( balam vyaayaama
saktyaa).

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Ojas:
• Introduction:
`सवॅधातस
ु ारम ् ओज: अ�भधीयते´ । ( च.स.ु ३०/७५)

 ‘Ojas’ is a Sara of all dhatus.

 'ojas' is a vigour.
 The concept of Ojas’ is an independent principle of Ayurveda, which
supports life ,and protects life against various diseases.

• Definition:

‘तत्र रसाद�नां शक्र

ु ान्तानां यत्परं तेज: तत ् खलू ओज: | तदे व बलम ् इ�त
उच्यते स्वशास्त्र�सध्दान्तात’ ।
(स.ु स.ू १५/१९)

 'ojas' is the pure essence of dhatus from rasa to shukra which is said
to be the 'BALA'.

• Guna of ojas:
स�पॅवणॅमधरु संलाजगिन्धप्रजायते ।
( च.स.ू १७/७५)
 The 'ojas' in the body is of the colour of Ghruta, in taste it is like that
of honey and in smell it is like that of laja.

• Types of Ojas :

�द्र�वधमोजो दश्यॅ�त परम ् अपरं च ।

(च.स.ू ३०/७)

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  There are two types of ojas :
1) Para Ojas
2) Apara ojas

• Quantity and location of ojas:

1) Para ojas:
प्राणाश्रयस्यौजसौ ङष्टौ�बन्दवो ह्रदया�श्रता ।
(च.स.ू ३०/७)
 Even minute kshaya of which can cause death, which is in the
ashtabindu pramana .
 Is located in the Hrudaya is the para Ojas.

2) Apara ojas:

तत्र अधॅाञ्ज�ल प्रमाणमपरं यदक्

ु तं –“तावद प�रमाणं श्लैिष्मकस्यौजस:”
(च.स.ू ३०/७)
 The essence of all the dhatus ending in shukra dhatu is termed as
ojas.
 Though is located in hrudaya it spreads all over the body and
maintain it.

• Types of ojas vikriti:

1. Ojo kshaya
2. Ojo visramsa lakshanas
3. Ojo vyapat
1)Ojo kshaya lakshana:
 Fear
 Constant weakness
 Worry
 Discomfort of sense organs
 Loss of luster

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  Cheerlessness
 Roughness
 Emaciation
2)Ojo visramsa lakshana:
 Dislocation of joints
 Feeling tired
 Displacement of dosha from its own sthana
 Restriction for shareerika manasika and vachika kriya's

3)Ojo vyapat lakshana:

 Stiffness and heaviness in body

 swelling due to vata
 Discoloration or loss of complexion
 Exhaustion

• Relation between ojas- bala – shleshma:

‘तत्र रसाद�नां शक्र

ु ान्तानां यत्परं तेज: तत ् खलू ओज: | तदे व बलम ् इ�त
उच्यते स्वशास्त्र�सध्दान्तात’ ।
(स.ु स.ू १५/१९)

 Sara of all dhatus is called as ojas and the same ojas is called as Bala
 But as ojas has its own qualities and function, ojas is a dravya but
bala cannot be called as dravya because Bala is an outcome of
physical work.
‘बल व्यायामशक्त्या ( प�र�ेत)’ ।
(च.�व.४/८)
 Capacity to perform physical work for a longer time is called as Bala.
More the strength ,more the endurance Bala is.

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  Bala depends on kapha dosha and high quality dhatus.
 As ojas is the Sara of dhatus ,Bala ultimately depends on ojas.

 Relation between ojas and shleshma:

‘धातूनां तेज�त रसे तथा जी�वतशो�णते ।
श्लेष्म�ण प्राकृते वैधरै ोज: शब्द: प्रक��तॅत: ।।

 Along with jeevashonita ,rasa and dhatuteja ,kapha dosha is also

being called as ojas.
 Due to following reasons, kapha dosha is compared with ojas-
o Qualities of kapha dosha and ojas are same ,as both of them
are Snigdha ,sheeta,pichchil qualities.
o Bala depends on kapha as well as ojas.
o Bala depends on shleshma as well as ojas.

• Function of ojas:
तत्र बलेन िस्थरोप�चतमांसता सवॅचष्े टासु अप्र�तघात: स्वरवणॅप्रसाद: बाह्यानाम ्
आभ्यन्तराणां च आत्मकायॅप्र�तभॅव�त’।
(डल्हन)
 Dhatus-ojas-Bala are interdependent constituents of the body.
 Ojas enhances stability of mamsa dhatu.
 Ojas conducts all physical ,and mental activities smoothly.
 Ojas maintains complexion and voice
 Ojas stimulates function of five senses and mind.
 Ojas maintains integrity of body- mind - senses- soul.

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• Methods of Improving vyadhi kshamatwa:

 Garbadaana poorvaka shodana to couple

 Maasaanumaasika garbhini paricharya by mother
 Shodasha Sishu samskaara
 Nitya shadrasopeta aahara
 Following dinacharya,ritucharya,sadvritta
 Periodic shodhana and Nitya rasayana

• Baalarasaayanam(Rasaayana in children):

 Each drug has its own affinity towards one or more [Link] single
drug is sufficient to carry out its karma on all seven dhaatus.(eg.
Manjishta mostly act on rakta dhaatu).
 Rasayaana drugs stands exempted from this general rule. They
possess pronounced effect on all seven dhaatus, besides the thrust
action on one or two dhaatus in particular.

लाभोपायो �ह शस्तानां रसाद�नां रसायनम ् (A.H.U.39/2)

Thus , Rasaayana drugs are administered for three purposes:

1) Intentional ( काम्यम): to attain a particular quality of a specific

dhaatus.e.g praanakamyam, medhyam.
2) Therapeutic (नै�म�तकम ्): to repair one or more dhaatu dushti
caused by [Link]
3) Preventive (आजस्त्रकम ्): to healthen all seven dhaatus.

 Among the three , kaamyam and Aajasrika Rassayanam are best

indicated for Kumaaras because they are in a condition of
aparipakwadhaatu.
 Application of these preparations, promotes the health of their
dhaatus from the very beginning.

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  Naimittika Rasaayana drugs are strictly contraindications in
Atibaalyaavastha as they cannot tolerate the metabolic and
digestive activities initiated upon their administration.
 Still some kaamya Rasaayana like vacha ( Medhaakaamyam) are
prescribed to be administered as lehan in Atibaalyaavastha.
Aajasrika drugs can be used indiscriminately in all age groups.
 In inevitable conditions,the application of Naimittka Rasaayana is
adviced. Rasaayanas are also applicable in chronic diseases lick
Baalkushta . (eg. Guluchi in paediatric skin diseases.) Such Naimittika
Rasaayana should not be of sodhana type ( In Dalhana view, there
are two types of Rasaayana ,namely,one which does sodhana e.g
Tuvaraka tailam and one which does saman [Link]).
 It is obvious that kutipraavesika rassayana alone cannot be indicated
in children.

• Baala chaturbhadra Rassayanam:

 Pippali Rassayanam – swaasam ,kaasam

 Guluchi satwam- kushtam
 Brahmi Rasaayanam- Mandabuddhitwam.

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 According to morden

• Definition :
 Immunity is a state of specific resistance to infection. Specific resistance is
directed against a particular type of microorganism and is the single most
important characteristic of immunity.

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• Classification :

1) Innate immunity –
 Innate immunity is a natural immunity which may be genetically passed on
from one generation to other generation. innate immunity is know as birth
immunity innate immunity present in individual from birth. innate
immunity is commonly divided in to two types.

A) specific immunity B)nonspecific immunity

A)Specific immunity -
 We know specific immunity is a type of innate immunity but it is
not present from birth because this immunity develop in individual
against specific antigen.
 Basically the immune system produced millions of lymphocyte and
each lymphocytes has different antigen receptor.
 Specific immunity show difference between self-cell and foreign
cell. It’s can recognize foreign cell and ignore self-cell.
 Example of specific immune system its remember pathogens
encounter such as chicken pox. Chicken pox is a infection that dose
not occur once in humans once again.

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B) Nonspecific immunity –
 nonspecific immunity is a safety system of our body which protect
the human body from infectious diseases, mainly involves all the
mechanisms of our body such as skin , gastrointestinal tract,
genitourinary tract, respiratory tract, mucous membrane, eyes etc.
the various nonspecific mechanisms are present they are following:

 Skin

 Mucus membrane

 Respiratory tract
 Gastrointestinal tract
 Genitourinary tract
 Eye

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2) Acquired immunity –

 Acquired immunity is a resistance develop for specific antigen

or resistance acquired by an individual during life time.
 Individual adapt immunity by infection or vaccination by transfer of
antibody from an immune donor.
 Acquired immunity commonly divided into the two types active and
passive immunity.

1) Active immunity
2) Passive immunity

1) Active immunity :
 Immunity resulting from the development of antibodies in the form
of vaccination or exposed to an infection disease. active immunity
means any antigen or foreign particle enter in body and body
produced antibody against antigen that is active or adaptive
immunity they are two types of active immunity

(A) Natural acquired active immunity

(B) Artificial acquired active immunity

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 (A) Natural acquired active immunity –
 This immunity acquired by infection such as viral infection or bacterial
infection it is acquired after an infection or recovery from disease.
 Antibody produced response to infection in some cases immunity may be
lifelong example measles small pox.

(B) Artificial acquired active immunity –

 It may be acquired by artificially or archived by vaccination or toxic which

is preparation of live attenuated or killed microorganism or pathogen or
their antigen. Artificial immunity get by individual through vaccination such
as BCG, TT, and DT etc.

• IMMUNIZATION

 Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or

resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a
vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to
protect the person against subsequent infection or disease.

 Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-

threatening infectious diseases and is estimated to avert between 2
and 3 million deaths each year. It is one of the most cost-effective
health investments, with proven strategies that make it accessible to
even the most hard-to-reach and vulnerable populations. It has
clearly defined target groups; it can be delivered effectively through
outreach activities; and vaccination does not require any major
lifestyle change.

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2) Passive immunity -
 The passive immunity is a readymade immunity. passive immunity
transfer readymade antibody . the resistance transfer to the recipient
in a ready-made from is called passive immunity example maternal
antibodies are transfer to the fetus through the placenta passive
immunity divided into the two type they are following -
(A) Natural acquired passive immunity
(B) Artificial acquired passive immunity

(A) Natural acquired passive immunity –

 The resistance transfer passively from mother to fetus through the
placenta.

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  Immunoglobulin IgG can transfer or cross the placenta. after birth
antibodies are transfer to new born baby through the breast milk.
This is immunity made up under natural condition is called natural
but recipient does not synthesize antibodies but get from donor that
is passive.

(B) Artificial acquired passive immunity –

 it is resistance transfer to a recipient by administration of antibodies.
it is archived by toxic or vaccination.

• Immune System Response to Antigens

 Humoral Immunity
Involves antibodies (secreted from B cells) dissolved in the blood
plasma.
Demonstrated as a immune response using only the blood serum.
Defense against bacteria, bacterial toxins, & viruses.

 Cell-Mediated Immunity
Involves the activities of specific white blood cells (T cells).
Defense against cancer cells, virus-infected cells, fungi, animal
parasites, & foreign cells from transplants.

• B Cells

 Mature in bone marrow

 Involved in humoral immunity

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  Once activated by antigen, proliferate into two clones of
cells: plasma cells that secrete antibodies and memory cells
that may be converted into plasma cells at a later time

• T Cells

 Mature in thymus
 Involved in cell-mediated immunity
 Activated when another cell presents antigen to them
Several types of T cells: cytoxic T cells, helper T cells, suppressor T
cells, and memory T cells

• Mechanisms on Antibody Action

 Precipitation of soluble antigens
 Agglutination of foreign cells
 Neutralization
 Enhanced phagocytosis
 Complement activation leading to cell lysis
 Stimulates inflammation

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 Antibodies constitute a group of globular serum proteins called
immunoglobins (Igs)

• Overview of Immune System Response

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 • Abnormal immune function can lead to disease

 Malfunctions of the immune system can produce effects ranging

from the minor inconvenience of some allergies to the serious and
often fatal consequences of certain autoimmune and
immunodeficiency diseases.

• Abnormal Immune Function

1. Autoimmune Disease
2. Allergy
3. Immunodeficiency

1. Autoimmune Disease

 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Type I Diabetes
 MS
 Lupis
 Crohn’s disease
 Grave’s disease

Rh factor and pregnancy

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 2. Allergy (Immune Hypersensitivity)

 Hypersensitive response to certain environmental allergens

Food, pollen, pet dander, asthma, bee sting
 Anaphylactic shock
- epinephrine

Mast cells, IgE, and the allergic response.

• AIDS

 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

 HIV (virus) attacks T-cells
 Weakens or eliminates immune system
 Susceptible to many fatal diseases
 Transmission of HIV requires the transfer of body fluids containing
infected cells, such as semen or blood, from person to person.
 Unprotected sex
 Nonsterile needles
 HIV transmission among heterosexuals is rapidly increasing as a
result of unprotected sex with infected partners.
 HIV in Africa and Asia- primarily by heterosexual sex

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 In 1983, a retrovirus, now called human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), had been identified as the causative agent of AIDS.

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 REFERENCES

• Textbook of Kaumarbhrtya
-[Link] K.S.
• Charak Samhita
-[Link] Dash
• Sushruta Samhita
-Acharya [Link]

• [Link]
immunity?from_m_app=android

• [Link]
45254053?from_m_app=android

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