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Variable Acceleration in Rectilinear Motion

The document discusses rectilinear motion with variable acceleration, detailing how to derive kinetic equations using differential equations of kinematics. It presents two cases: when distance or acceleration is given as a function of time, and provides examples for each case to calculate velocity and displacement. The document emphasizes the need for integration and differentiation to solve for motion parameters when forces are variable.

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5 views11 pages

Variable Acceleration in Rectilinear Motion

The document discusses rectilinear motion with variable acceleration, detailing how to derive kinetic equations using differential equations of kinematics. It presents two cases: when distance or acceleration is given as a function of time, and provides examples for each case to calculate velocity and displacement. The document emphasizes the need for integration and differentiation to solve for motion parameters when forces are variable.

Uploaded by

mynjqdvjzz
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

• Rectilinear Motion with variable Acceleration

• When bodies are acted upon by variable forces, they move with
variable acceleration. To determine the kinetic equations of
motion in such cases, it is necessary to apply the given data to
differential equations of kinematics. Since the acceleration may
vary in many ways, no general equations can be stated as was
done in the case of constant acceleration.
• Review on basic differentiation and integration

=
=4

= + 2 + 40 +2 +40
= 3 + (2)(2)x
= 3 + 4x
= ( )

=
2
=
1

= -
= 3.75
• Rectilinear Motion with variable Acceleration
• Case 1 x (distance) is given as a function of time , x =f(t)
• Case 2 a (acceleration) is given as a function of time , a =f(t)
• Case 3 v (velocity) is given as a function of time , v =f(t)
• Case 1 x (distance) is given as a function of time
• Is the simplest case and is easily solved by successive
differentiation of the displacement with respect to the time
according to the fundamental definition of a velocity (v = ) and
acceleration (a= = )
• Example of Case 1
• Determine the velocity and acceleration of a body after 3 sec, if the motion is
defined by the relation x = 5t + 4𝑡 , x being in meters and t in seconds

Given: x = 5t + 4𝑡 ; Required: a & v @ t=3


Solution:
x = 5t + 4𝑡 (differentiate to get the formula for its velocity)
v = = 5 + 12𝑡 (differentiate to get the formula for its acceleration)

a= = 24t
*Substitute time to the formulas
v = 5 + 12(3 )

v = 113

a = 24(3)

a = 72
• Case 2 a (acceleration) is given as a function of time , a =f(t)
• The general procedure is to start with a = but since we are given acceleration
as a function of time we write the equation as, dv = a dt, and integrate it to find
the velocity in terms of time.
• After we have determined velocity in terms of time we can now use v = but
since we will be able to solve velocity in terms of time we write the equation as,
dx = v dt and integrate it to find the distance in terms of time.
• Example of Case 2
Determine the velocity and displacement of a body after 2 sec, if the
motion is defined by the relation a = 2t, a(acceleration) being in and
t in seconds, and if it is known that x = 4 m and v = 2 when t = 1

Given : a = 2t Required: v & x @ t = 2sec


x=4m@t=1
v=2 @t=1
Given : a = 2t Required: v & x @ t = 2sec
x=4m@t=1
v=2 @t=1
• Solution:
• dv = a dt
• =
v t
• 2
= 1

• v -2 = - (
• v = +1
Given : a = 2t Required: v & x @ t = 2sec
x=4m@t=1
v=2 @t=1

• Solution:
dx = v dt
=
x t
=
4 1

x-4 =( -(

x-4=

x=
• v = 𝑡 +1
• x=

• After solving for the equations for x (distance) and v (velocity) in terms of
time, we are now ready to solve for the distance and velocity of the body at 2
sec

• v = 𝑡 +1
• v=2 +1
• v=5

• x= +𝑡+
• X= +2+

• X = 7.33 m

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