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Mastering Parallel Structure in Writing

Parallel structure requires that sentence elements with similar functions also share the same grammatical form, enhancing economy, clarity, equality, and delight in writing. Faulty parallelism occurs when these elements are not aligned, leading to unclear emphasis and meaning. Writers can utilize parallelism in various contexts, including lists, comparisons, linking verbs, and correlative conjunctions, to maintain coherence and clarity.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
7 views7 pages

Mastering Parallel Structure in Writing

Parallel structure requires that sentence elements with similar functions also share the same grammatical form, enhancing economy, clarity, equality, and delight in writing. Faulty parallelism occurs when these elements are not aligned, leading to unclear emphasis and meaning. Writers can utilize parallelism in various contexts, including lists, comparisons, linking verbs, and correlative conjunctions, to maintain coherence and clarity.

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Evi
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Parallel Structure

Sentence elements that are alike in function should also be alike in construction. These
elements should be in the same grammatical form so that they are parallel.

Using parallel structure in your writing will help with

1) economy 2) clarity 3) equality 4) delight.

Here are some examples


of parallel elements

These elements, on the other hand, are not parallel

Used in a sentence, they create a jarring effect and produce writing with unclear emphasis
and meaning. We call such an error "faulty parallelism."

Writers generally use parallelism as a technique in the following five ways.

1. With elements joined by coordinating conjunctions, especially and, but, and or.

Examples of parallel words

Examples of parallel phrases


Examples of parallel clauses

The examples below show how to repair faulty parallelism.

Example #1

Example #2

2. Use parallel structure with elements in lists or in a series.

A series is a group of three or more elements in a row. The last element in the
series is connected to the others with one of these coordinating conjunctions: and, or, but
(not), or yet (not).

Commas should be placed between each element in the series and before the
coordinating conjunction.

Examples:
As the examples below show, a series whose components are not in parallel format
sounds awkward and may cause misunderstanding.

Example #1

Example #2

Note that in the corrected versions of example #2, you may choose to repeat the "to" or
to omit it.
Click on the link below to complete an exercise on parallelism with elements in a series..

3. Use parallel structure with elements being compared. (X is more than / better
than Y)

When we compare things, we often use words such as more, less, better, and worse,
We connect the items being compared with words like as and than.

Note the comparison methods in the examples below.


The elements being compared are parallel to one another:

driving is parallel to flying

Miriam's ability to is parallel to her resolve to

How you live is parallel to how much money you make

Comparing items without using parallel structure may cause confusion about what is
being compared to what.

Repair faulty parallelism in comparisons by making one element of the comparison


parallel to the other.

Note that you may choose to change either element to match the other.

4. Use parallel structure with elements joined by a linking verb or a verb of being.

Joining elements with linking verbs or verbs of being suggests a completing of the first
item by the second one. Often, in fact, an equality between the two is being set up, as the
examples below illustrate.

Repair faulty parallelism with linking verbs or verbs of being by making one element of
the equation parallel to the other.
Click on the link below to complete an exercise on parallel structure with linking verbs
or verbs of being.

5. Use parallel structure with elements joined by a correlative conjunction.

These are the major correlative conjunctions:

either / or neither / nor both / and not only / but also

Correlative conjunctions work in pairs.

Whatever grammatical structure follows one must be parallel to the grammatical structure
that follows the other.

Examples with either / or and neither / nor

Examples with both / and

Examples with not only / but also


Repair faulty parallelism with correlative conjunctions by making one structure
parallel to the other as shown below.

With either / or

With neither / nor

With both / and

With not only / but also

Common questions

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Correlative conjunctions, such as either/or, neither/nor, both/and, and not only/but also, function in pairs to maintain parallel structure by requiring the grammatical structure after each conjunction mirrors the other. This structure prevents faulty parallelism by enforcing consistency and balance between paired elements, ensuring clarity and mutual emphasis .

Faulty parallelism in comparisons can lead to misunderstandings regarding the relationship or similarity between items, as inconsistent structures can obscure what is being compared. To avoid these misunderstandings, each element of a comparison should be balanced and mirror each other grammatically, clearly delineating the intended comparison .

Faulty parallelism in comparisons occurs when elements being compared are not in a parallel format, leading to confusion about what is being compared. It can be corrected by ensuring each comparative element mirrors the other in style and grammatical structure. Choosing to adjust either element to match the other is also a viable option .

Parallel structure contributes to writing economy by eliminating redundancy and convoluted expressions, enabling direct and concise communication. Without it, writing may become verbose and awkward, leading to potential reader confusion and reduced engagement due to unclear emphasis and meaning .

Parallel structure in writing is significant because it ensures that elements which are alike in function are also alike in construction, enhancing the text's economy, clarity, equality, and aesthetic appeal. This structure facilitates the reader's understanding by maintaining consistency and balance, preventing confusion, and emphasizing key ideas equally. When elements are not parallel, it creates a jarring effect and results in unclear emphasis and meaning, known as "faulty parallelism" .

Parallel structure with coordinating conjunctions improves sentence construction by ensuring elements joined by words like 'and,' 'but,' and 'or' maintain the same grammatical format. This technique creates a rhythm and balance within sentences, aiding readers to easily process information and understand relationships between ideas .

To avoid faulty parallelism with 'either/or' and 'neither/nor,' sentences should maintain identical grammatical structures following each conjunction. For instance, "either eat a salad or enjoy a sandwich" and "neither going to the beach nor visiting the museum" illustrate proper parallel structure, highlighting consistency and symmetry in comparison .

A series in a sentence maintains parallelism by ensuring each element is in the same grammatical form, followed by a coordinating conjunction, such as 'and' or 'or,' with commas placed between each element. It's important because non-parallel elements create awkwardness and potential misunderstanding in the text. By repeating or omitting certain elements, like "to," consistency is maintained .

Linking verbs or verbs of being necessitate parallel structure because these verbs equate or complete one element with another, implying equality. Faulty parallelism here disrupts this equality, leading to imbalance and potential misinterpretation. Correct parallelism ensures both elements complement each other in constructing meaningful and clear relationships .

Parallel structure enhances the aesthetic appeal of writing by creating a harmonious flow and rhythmic symmetry that engages readers, facilitating easier reading and better retention. It captivates by subtly drawing attention to the writing's form, making it pleasing to read and conveying ideas elegantly and memorably .

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