Data Warehousing and
Mining
Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil CAGILTAY
Contents
• Data
• Information
• Knowledge
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 2
The Process of transforming data into knowledge
Decision Making
Synthesizing
Analyzing
Summarizing
Organizing
Collecting
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 3
WHAT is Data?
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 4
WHAT is Data?
• Data is known raw facts about things and events that can be recorded
and have an implicit meaning
• Raw material that information can be derived
• Data are percieved as unstructured, raw facts. It can be useful or not.
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 5
WHAT is Data?
• It can exist in any form,
• has no significance beyond its existence usable or not
• It does not have meaning of itself
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 6
WHAT is Information?
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 7
WHAT is Information?
transformed data that has value for decision making
cumulated facts or data that have been collected and
processed into a meaningful form
data that is organized
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 8
WHAT is Knowledge?
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 9
WHAT is Knowledge?
•Appropriate collection of information
•It's intent is to be useful
•A deterministic process
•Requires a true cognitive and analytical ability
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 10
WHAT is Knowledge?
Collection of the information
Practical use of information
Information combined with understanding and capability
It must be meaningful and useful
Knowledge is a decision mechanism
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 11
WHAT is Wisdom?
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 12
WHAT is Wisdom?
•Interpolative and probabilistic process
•Cognitive and analytical
•Take knowledge and synthesize new knowledge
from the previously held knowledge
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 13
WHAT is Wisdom?
•The difference between understanding and knowledge is
the difference between "learning" and "memorizing".
•Understanding can build upon currently held information,
knowledge and understanding itself.
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 14
WHAT is Wisdom?
Asks questions
•to which there is no (easily-achievable) answer,
•to which there can be no humanly-known answer
period.
•the process by which we also discern, or judge,
between right and wrong, good and bad.
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 15
The Process of transforming data into
knowledge
Deciding what to
eat where to eat.
Who is the best cook?
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 16
The Process of transforming data into
knowledge
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 17
What is this?
0099882909200511111
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 18
What is this?
009988 19092018 11111
Today is 19 September, 2018
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 19
D: Data, I: Information K: Knowledge W: Wisdom
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 20
D: Data, I: Information K: Knowledge W: Wisdom
1. Osman Gazi received more commission than any other sales
representative this year
2. Osman Gazi was born December 12, 1960.
3. The western region produced over $500,000 in sales this year.
4. Product A454 is manufactured in TürkTelekom
5. Next year, Osman Gazi will receive more commision than any other
sales
6. Our company should invest on Western Region
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 21
D: Data, I: Information K: Knowledge W: Wisdom
Osman Gazi received more commission than any other sales
representative this year
K: Knowledge
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 22
D: Data, I: Information K: Knowledge W: Wisdom
Osman Gazi was born December 12, 1960
D: Data
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 23
D: Data, I: Information K: Knowledge W: Wisdom
The western region produced over $500,000 in sales this year.
I: Information
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 24
D: Data, I: Information K: Knowledge W: Wisdom
Product A454 is manufactured in TürkTelekom
D: Data
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 25
D: Data, I: Information K: Knowledge W: Wisdom
Next year, Osman Gazi will receive more commision than any other sales
W: Wisdom
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 26
D: Data, I: Information K: Knowledge W: Wisdom
Our company should invest on Western Region
W: Wisdom
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 27
What will we learn in this course?
Decision Making
Synthesizing
Analyzing
Summarizing
Organizing
Collecting
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 28
Evolution of Database Technology
• 1960s: • Data collection,
• database creation,
• IMS – Integrated Management Systems
• network DBMS
• 1970s: • Relational data model
• Relational DBMS implementation
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 29
Evolution of Database Technology
• 1980s: RDBMS
Advanced data models
• extended-relational,
• OO,
• deductive,
Application-oriented DBMS
• Spatial
• Scientific
• engineering
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 30
Evolution of Database Technology
• 1990s: • Data mining,
• Data warehousing,
• Multimedia databases,
• Web databases
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 31
Evolution of Database Technology
• 2000s: • Stream data management and mining
• Data mining and its applications
• Web technology
• XML
• Data integration
• Global information systems
28-Feb-25 Prof. Dr. Nergiz Ercil ÇAĞILTAY 32