Answer to the Activity

1. Consecutive Integer Problems

1.1. Sum of three consecutive integers is 72

Let the integers be

n, n + 1, n + 2.
Then
n + (n + 1) + (n + 2) = 3n + 3 = 72
3n = 69 ⟹ n = 23
Answer: 23, 24, 25

1.2. “The difference between two consecutive integers is 3. The sum of their
squares is 130.”

Observation: By definition, consecutive integers differ by 1. (If instead the problem means “two
numbers that differ by 3” let the numbers be x and x + 3.)
Interpretation A (if “consecutive” is taken literally):
– Let the two consecutive integers be x and x + 1. Their difference is 1 (not 3), so this
interpretation does not match the “3” given.

Interpretation B (assuming the intended statement was “two numbers that differ by 3”):
Let the numbers be x and x + 3. Then
x² + (x + 3)² = 130
⇒ x² + x² + 6x + 9 = 130
⇒ 2x² + 6x + 9 − 130 = 0
⇒ 2x² + 6x − 121 = 0
Using the quadratic formula,
x = [–6 ± √(6² – 4·2·(–121)]/(2·2)
= [–6 ± √(36 + 968)]/4
= [–6 ± √1004]/4
= [–6 ± 2√251]/4
= (–3 ± √251)/2
These are not integers.
Conclusion: There is an inconsistency in the statement. (Perhaps a misprint occurred.) Under the
“differ by 3” assumption, the two numbers would be
(–3 + √251)/2 and (–3 – √251)/2,
which are not integers.
I note the ambiguity and leave this problem with the observation that no pair of consecutive
integers can have a difference of 3.
1.3. Sum of four consecutive integers equals 2 less than twice the largest

Let the integers be

x, x + 1, x + 2, x + 3.
Their sum is
S = 4x + 6.
Twice the largest minus 2 is
2(x + 3) − 2 = 2x + 6 − 2 = 2x + 4.
Set up the equation:
4x + 6 = 2x + 4
⇒ 2x = −2 ⟹ x = −1
Thus the integers are: –1, 0, 1, 2.
Answer: –1, 0, 1, 2

2. Mixture Problems
2.1. Mixing 30% and 50% acid to get 200 L of 40% acid

Let x = liters of 30% solution, y = liters of 50% solution. Then:

1. Total volume: x + y = 200

2. Acid content: 0.30x + 0.50y = 0.40 × 200 = 80
Substitute y = 200 − x into the second equation:
0.30x + 0.50(200 − x) = 80
0.30x + 100 − 0.50x = 80
−0.20x = −20 ⟹ x = 100
Then y = 200 − 100 = 100.
Answer: 100 L of the 30% solution and 100 L of the 50% solution

2.2. Mixing 10% and 25% fuel to make 100 L of 18% ethanol

Let x = liters of 10% fuel, y = liters of 25% fuel.

1. x + y = 100
2. 0.10x + 0.25y = 18
Substitute y = 100 − x:
0.10x + 0.25(100 − x) = 18
0.10x + 25 − 0.25x = 18
−0.15x = −7 ⟹ x = 7/0.15 = 46.67 (approximately)
 Then y ≈ 100 − 46.67 = 53.33.
Answer: Approximately 46.67 L of 10% fuel and 53.33 L of 25% fuel

2.3. Blending 12% and 18% wine to get 50 L of 15% wine

Let x = liters of 12% wine, y = liters of 18% wine.

1. x + y = 50
2. 0.12x + 0.18y = 7.5 [since 0.15 × 50 = 7.5]
Substitute y = 50 − x:
0.12x + 0.18(50 − x) = 7.5
0.12x + 9 − 0.18x = 7.5
−0.06x = −1.5 ⟹ x = 25
Then y = 50 − 25 = 25.
Answer: 25 L of the 12% wine and 25 L of the 18% wine

3. Investment/Profit Problems
3.1. Investing ₱6,000,000 at 5% and 8% for a total interest of ₱420,000

Let x = amount at 5%, y = amount at 8%.

1. x + y = 6,000,000
2. 0.05x + 0.08y = 420,000
Express y = 6,000,000 − x and substitute:
0.05x + 0.08(6,000,000 − x) = 420,000
0.05x + 480,000 − 0.08x = 420,000
−0.03x = −60,000 ⟹ x = 2,000,000
Then y = 6,000,000 − 2,000,000 = 4,000,000.
Answer: ₱2,000,000 at 5% and ₱4,000,000 at 8%

3.2. Investing ₱20,000 in stocks at 6% and 10% to get ₱1,500 in return

Let x = amount at 6%, y = amount at 10%.

1. x + y = 20,000
2. 0.06x + 0.10y = 1,500
With y = 20,000 − x:
 0.06x + 0.10(20,000 − x) = 1,500
0.06x + 2,000 − 0.10x = 1,500
−0.04x = −500 ⟹ x = 12,500
Then y = 20,000 − 12,500 = 7,500.
Answer: ₱12,500 in the 6% stock and ₱7,500 in the 10% stock

3.3. Investing ₱10,000 in funds earning 4% and 9% for a total of ₱650

Let x = amount at 4%, y = amount at 9%.

1. x + y = 10,000
2. 0.04x + 0.09y = 650
Substitute y = 10,000 − x:
0.04x + 0.09(10,000 − x) = 650
0.04x + 900 − 0.09x = 650
−0.05x = −250 ⟹ x = 5,000
Then y = 10,000 − 5,000 = 5,000.
Answer: ₱5,000 in each fund

4. Work Problems
4.1. Two workers in BGC – inconsistency in the statement

The problem states that when working together they finish in 4 hours, yet also gives individual
times as 5 hours and 6 hours.
– If taken literally: One worker takes 5 hours and the other 6 hours.
Then their rates are 1/5 and 1/6 tasks per hour, so together they work at
1/5 + 1/6 = 11/30 tasks per hour, and would finish in 30/11 ≈ 2.73 hours—not 4 hours.
– Alternate interpretation: Perhaps the intended wording was:
“Two workers working together finish in 4 hours, and one worker takes 5 hours less than
the other when working alone.”
Let the slower worker’s time be x and the faster’s be (x − 5). Then
1/x + 1/(x − 5) = 1/4.
Multiplying through gives:
(2x − 5)/(x(x − 5)) = 1/4
4(2x − 5) = x(x − 5)
8x − 20 = x² − 5x
x² − 13x + 20 = 0
The quadratic does not factor nicely; using the quadratic formula yields
x = [13 ± √(169 − 80)]/2 = [13 ± √89]/2.
The positive solution is x ≈ 11.22 hours and (x − 5) ≈ 6.22 hours.
Because the given numbers (5 and 6 hours) conflict with the “4 hours together” data, the original
statement appears inconsistent.
Answer:
– If we trust the individual times: one worker takes 5 hours and the other 6 hours (which would
imply a combined time of about 2.73 hours).
– If we assume the “4 hours together” is correct and one worker is 5 hours faster than the other,
then the slower worker takes about 11.22 hours and the faster about 6.22 hours.

4.2. Two pipes fill a tank

First pipe: fills in 8 hours → rate = 1/8 tank per hour

Second pipe: fills in 12 hours → rate = 1/12 tank per hour
Combined rate = 1/8 + 1/12 = (3/24 + 2/24) = 5/24 tank per hour
Time to fill = reciprocal = 24/5 = 4.8 hours
Answer: 4.8 hours

4.3. Two printers printing 20,000 copies

Printer 1: 1,200 copies/hour

Printer 2: 1,500 copies/hour
Combined rate = 1,200 + 1,500 = 2,700 copies/hour
Time = 20,000 ÷ 2,700 ≈ 7.41 hours
Answer: Approximately 7.41 hours

5. Rate (Speed, Distance, Time) Problems

5.1. Plane traveling 200 km against/with the wind

Let p = plane’s airspeed and w = wind speed.

Against wind: p − w = 200/4 = 50 km/h
With wind: p + w = 200/3 ≈ 66.67 km/h
Solve by adding:
2p = 50 + 66.67 = 116.67 ⟹ p ≈ 58.33 km/h
Then:
w = (p + w) − p ≈ 66.67 − 58.33 = 8.33 km/h
Exact forms:
p = (50 + 200/3)/2 = 175/3 km/h, w = 25/3 km/h
Answer: Airspeed ≈ 58.33 km/h and wind speed ≈ 8.33 km/h
5.2. Two cars traveling in opposite directions

Rates: 45 km/h and 55 km/h.

After 3 hours, separation = (45 + 55) × 3 = 100 × 3 = 300 km
Answer: 300 km apart

5.3. Train traveling at two speeds

First part: 2 hours at 60 km/h → distance = 120 km

Second part: 3 hours at 80 km/h → distance = 240 km
Total distance = 120 + 240 = 360 km
Answer: 360 km

6. Geometry Problems
6.1. Rectangular garden in Quezon City

Let width = w and length = 2w + 5.

Perimeter = 2(w + (2w + 5)) = 2(3w + 5) = 6w + 10 = 50
Solve: 6w = 40 ⟹ w = 40/6 = 20/3 ≈ 6.67 m
Then length = 2(20/3) + 5 = 40/3 + 15/3 = 55/3 ≈ 18.33 m
Answer: Width ≈ 6.67 m, Length ≈ 18.33 m

6.2. Triangular park in Davao

Let height = h and base = h + 4.

Area = ½ · base · height = ½·h(h + 4) = 24 ⟹ h(h + 4) = 48
This gives:
h² + 4h − 48 = 0
Using the quadratic formula:
h = [–4 ± √(16 + 192)]/2 = [–4 ± √208]/2 = [–4 ± 4√13]/2
h = –2 ± 2√13
Taking the positive solution:
h = 2(√13 − 1) (approximately 5.21 m)
Then base = h + 4 ≈ 5.21 + 4 = 9.21 m
Answer: Height ≈ 5.21 m and Base ≈ 9.21 m
6.3. Rectangular garden in Cebu

Let width = w and length = w + 6.

Area: w(w + 6) = 96 ⟹ w² + 6w − 96 = 0
Solve using the quadratic formula:
w = [–6 ± √(36 + 384)]/2 = [–6 ± √420]/2 = [–6 ± 2√105]/2
w = –3 ± √105
Taking the positive solution:
w = √105 − 3 (approximately 7.25 m)
Then length = w + 6 ≈ (√105 − 3) + 6 = √105 + 3 (approximately 13.25 m)
Answer: Width ≈ 7.25 m, Length ≈ 13.25 m

7. Cost and Revenue Problems

7.1. Shirts sold in Makati

Let x = number of ₱1,500 shirts and y = number of ₱2,500 shirts.

Equations:

1. x + y = 200
2. 1500x + 2500y = 600,000
Substitute y = 200 − x in the second equation:
1500x + 2500(200 − x) = 600,000
1500x + 500,000 − 2500x = 600,000
−1000x = 100,000 ⟹ x = –100
This gives y = 300, which contradicts x + y = 200.
Conclusion: The numbers are inconsistent; there is no solution with these figures.

7.2. Bookstore in Quezon City

Let x = number of hardcover books and y = number of paperback books.

1. x + y = 500
2. 1200x + 600y = 300,000
Express y = 500 − x and substitute:
1200x + 600(500 − x) = 300,000
1200x + 300,000 − 600x = 300,000
600x = 0 ⟹ x = 0
 Then y = 500.
Answer: 0 hardcover books and 500 paperback books

7.3. Car rental in Cebu

Total cost = flat fee + (rate per km × km)

= 1,000 + 15 × 100
= 1,000 + 1,500
= ₱2,500
Answer: ₱2,500

8. Diet or Nutrient Problems

8.1. Protein from two foods

Let x = servings of Food A (20 g protein) and y = servings of Food B (30 g protein).
Equation: 20x + 30y = 240
Divide by 10: 2x + 3y = 24
Because there is no additional constraint, there are many nonnegative integer solutions. For
example, if y = 4 then:
2x + 12 = 24 ⟹ 2x = 12 ⟹ x = 6.
Answer: One possible solution is 6 servings of Food A and 4 servings of Food B (other
combinations with 2x + 3y = 24 are also possible).

8.2. Mixing feed in Batangas

Let x = sacks of Feed A (₱1,500 per sack) and y = sacks of Feed B (₱2,500 per sack).
Equations:

1. x + y = 60
2. 1500x + 2500y = 120,000
Substitute y = 60 − x:
1500x + 2500(60 − x) = 120,000
1500x + 150,000 − 2500x = 120,000
−1000x = −30,000 ⟹ x = 30
Then y = 60 − 30 = 30.
Answer: 30 sacks of Feed A and 30 sacks of Feed B
8.3. Fat intake from two foods

Let x = servings of Food A (10 g fat) and y = servings of Food B (15 g fat).
Equations:

1. x + y = 10
2. 10x + 15y = 120
Express y = 10 − x and substitute:
10x + 15(10 − x) = 120
10x + 150 − 15x = 120
−5x = −30 ⟹ x = 6
Then y = 10 − 6 = 4.
Answer: 6 servings of Food A and 4 servings of Food B

9. Ticket or Event Problems

9.1. Theater ticket sales in Makati

Let x = number of adult tickets (₱600) and y = number of student tickets (₱300).
Equations:

1. x + y = 500
2. 600x + 300y = 250,000
Substitute y = 500 − x into the second equation:
600x + 300(500 − x) = 250,000
600x + 150,000 − 300x = 250,000
300x = 100,000 ⟹ x = 100,000/300 ≈ 333.33
Since x must be an integer, the given numbers are inconsistent.
Conclusion: There is no valid integer solution with these figures.

9.2. Concert hall ticket sales in Cebu

Revenue = (200 × ₱1,500) + (300 × ₱1,200)

= 300,000 + 360,000
= ₱660,000
Answer: ₱660,000
9.3. Museum ticket sales in Manila

Let x = adult tickets (₱500) and y = child tickets (₱250).

Equations:

1. x + y = 600
2. 500x + 250y = 300,000
Express y = 600 − x and substitute:
500x + 250(600 − x) = 300,000
500x + 150,000 − 250x = 300,000
250x = 150,000 ⟹ x = 600
Then y = 600 − 600 = 0.
Answer: 600 adult tickets and 0 child tickets

10. System of Equations in Three Variables

10.1. Factory production in Cavite

Let a, b, c be the units of products A, B, and C respectively.

We are given:

1. Total units: a + b + c = 100

2. Total production cost: 200a + 300b + 400c = 35,000
3. Total revenue for 100 units is ₱45,000

Note: With the given production costs and without explicit selling prices for A, B, and C, the
revenue equation does not introduce independent information. In fact, if we assume (for
example) that the selling prices are such that the profit margin is constant across products, then
the revenue equation may be a multiple of (1).
Thus, we only have two independent equations.

Solve the cost equation:

Divide the cost eq. by 100:
2a + 3b + 4c = 350
Subtract 2×(a + b + c = 100):
2a + 3b + 4c − 2a − 2b − 2c = 350 − 200
b + 2c = 150 ⟹ b = 150 − 2c
Then from a + b + c = 100:
a = 100 − b − c = 100 − (150 − 2c) − c = c − 50
For nonnegative integer solutions, we need
a = c − 50 ≥ 0 ⟹ c ≥ 50
and b = 150 − 2c ≥ 0 ⟹ c ≤ 75
Thus, c can be any integer between 50 and 75, with
 a = c − 50, b = 150 − 2c.
For example, choosing c = 60 gives:
a = 10, b = 150 − 120 = 30.
Answer: There are infinitely many solutions. One example is 10 units of A, 30 units of B, and
60 units of C.

10.2. Purchasing fruits in Davao

Let a, b, c be the kg of apples, bananas, and cherries respectively.

Equations:

1. a + b + c = 10
2. 50a + 30b + 80c = 350
Multiply (1) by 30: 30a + 30b + 30c = 300
Subtract from (2):
(50a − 30a) + (30b − 30b) + (80c − 30c) = 350 − 300
20a + 50c = 50 ⟹ Divide by 10: 2a + 5c = 5
Solve for a:
2a = 5 − 5c ⟹ a = (5(1 − c))/2
For a to be a nonnegative integer, try c = 1:
a = (5(0))/2 = 0, then from (1): b = 10 − 0 − 1 = 9.
Check cost: 50×0 + 30×9 + 80×1 = 0 + 270 + 80 = 350.
Answer: 0 kg apples, 9 kg bananas, and 1 kg cherry

10.3. Three workers in Makati

Worker A: 4 hours, Worker B: 5 hours, Worker C: 6 hours

Combined rate = 1/4 + 1/5 + 1/6
Find a common denominator (60):
= 15/60 + 12/60 + 10/60 = 37/60 per hour
Time together = reciprocal = 60/37 ≈ 1.62 hours
Answer: Approximately 1.62 hours