THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
The introduction should provide
the background of the study. It
describes the research problem
or research question and lays
out the reasoning behind it.
This reasoning is sometimes
called a theoretical argument
It justifies the study in terms of a
need for the information it will
provide, in order to develop or test
a theory, or in order to understand,
explain, or further describe a
phenomenon.
The introduction should lead up to,
and provide support for the
problem statement. It should be
presented following logic for the
purpose of clarity.
The literature cited should support
the theoretical argument being
made and should demonstrate that
the author has a grasp of the major
ideas and findings that pertain to
his or her topic. (atleast 20 articles
Journal 10 years )
Conceptual framework is the
proponent’s version of what
explains the problem. It is
usually supported by a research
diagram/paradigm
a. This portion has two (2) parts: the general
statement and the specific statement.
b. The general statement of the problem
captures the title in statement form and
explains why the study was conducted. The
specific statement of the problem, on the
other hand, enumerates specific questions
or research problems that when answered
would lead to finding answer to the general
statement
SOP 1 - To what extent does the manual
employee monitoring system's lack of efficiency
and accuracy impact the reliable tracking of
workforce performance and attendance?
SOP 2 – How may the Development of an
Employee Management System with Biometric
Authentication and Digital Time Recording be
developed using Agile SDLC Project
Management Framework in terms of.
2.1 Requirements Gathering
2.2 Design the Requirements
2.3 Coding
2.4 Testing
2.5 Deployment
2.6 Feedback
SOP 3 - How may the proposed EMS-BADTR be
evaluated by IT experts in terms of the
following ISO/IEC 25002 criteria:
2.1 functional suitability;
2.2 performance efficiency;
2.3 compatibility;
2.4 usability;
2. 5 reliability
2.6 security
2.7 maintainability; and
2.8 portability?
SOP 4 - How may the proposed EMS-BADTR be
evaluated by the end-users in terms of the
following selected ISO/IEC 25002 criteria:
3.1 functional suitability;
3.2 performance efficiency; and
3.3 usability;
The scope outlines what specific
areas and aspects the study will
cover and investigate, while
delimitation sets clear boundaries
and limitations of what will not be
included.
Significance of the study
discusses who will benefit from
the study and in what ways will
they be benefitted.
a. Only the key terms or variables used in the
study are defined under this section. These
terms appear in the title, the statement of
the problem and the conceptual paradigm.
b. Terms should be defined conceptually and
operationally. Conceptual definition is
definition by the book and must be properly
cited. Operational definition is based on the
usage of the term in the study.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
This chapter presents the methods and
procedures used in the study. It
includes the research design,
population and sampling techniques,
instrumentation, data gathering
procedures and statistical treatment of
data.
a. This portion discusses the
research design used in the
study.
b. The discussion includes a brief
definition of the design, and an
explanation on why and how it
was used.
a. Describe the locale in relation to
the study. Description should not be
limited to geographical location
alone but most importantly to the
characteristics of the locale vis-a vis
the research variables which
prompted the researcher to conduct
the research there. This should serve
as support to the background of the
study.
This portion is necessary only when
the study necessitates the use of a
sample to represent a population.
The population from which the sample
was taken must be described.
The sampling technique or method of
sample selection used must be
explained.
The term “respondents” is used for sources of data
in quantitative studies where there are survey or
interview questions to respond to; “participants”
are sources of data used in qualitative researches;
while “subjects” is used as sources of data in
experimental researches.
Whichever, these sources of data should be
mentioned in details in this section, such as; if they
are teachers, office workers or administrators, etc.
Likewise, they must be described in terms of their
demographic profile characteristics such as: age,
educational attainment or gender, etc.
a. This section discusses and describes the
instruments used for gathering data in the study. It
also discusses the instrument by part and explains
what each part measures.
b. If the instrument was standardized or developed by
previous researcher, it must be mentioned in this
section with proper citation and permission from
the author.
c. If the instrument is self-constructed, it must be
described in terms of the variables it intends to
measure and the validity and reliability measures
taken to ensure that it is valid and reliable.
d. The proponent must ensure that the instrument will
yield data that answer the research questions or
statement of the problem
This portion discusses the step by step procedure taken in
the conduct of the study: from the preparation of the data
gathering instrument, seeking permission to conduct the
study, to gathering, collating and analyzing the data
gathered.
The proponent should discuss in this portion how the study
was conducted and whether he or she conducted it by himself
or herself or if someone else has done it for him/her.
The process of data collection and how the instruments were
distributed and gathered should also be discussed.
The exact date of data gathering and the overall number of
questionnaires distributed and retrieved must be mentioned.
The data gathering instrument must come with a cover letter
stating that the researcher respects the respondents’ privacy
and that all the information to be gathered will be used only
for the purpose of the study and will be kept confidential.