Problem 1
Three workers in a logistic centre perform the following tasks:
1) Pick items ordered by the customers. Process time: 12 s/item.
2) Transport the picked items to the packing workstation: 480 / trip (1 trip = 30 items).
3) Pack the ordered items: 8 sec / item.
4) Palletize the shipments: 42 sec / box (1 box = 24 items)
5) Record orders in the ERP 7.5 sec / item
Answer the following questions:
a) Calculate the utilization rate of the three workers if the average demand rate is 200 items / h.
b) How many workers are needed to handle 500 items / hour. The maximum utilization rate is 85%. How much will be their uti
a)
N (Number of workers) 3
D (items / h) 200
Utilization 83.8%
Task p (s / item) S (items / h) Task U
1) Picking 12 300 22%
2) Transport items 16 225 30%
3) Packing 8 450 15%
4) Palletizing 1.75 2057.14285714 3%
5) Recording 7.5 480 14%
b)
D (items / h) 500
Max U 85%
Task p (s / item) S (items / h) D/S Task U
1) Picking 12 300 1.666666667 21%
2) Transport items 16 225 2.222222222 28%
3) Packing 8 450 1.111111111 14%
4) Palletizing 1.75 2057.14285714 0.243055556 3%
5) Recording 7.5 480 1.041666667 13%
N (Number of workers) 8
Utilization 78.6%
How much will be their utilization?
paletizar
Problem 2
Janson’s Department Store in Stark, Ohio, maintains a successful catalog sales department in which a clerk takes orders by tel
the catalog department are answered automatically by a recording machine and asked to wait. As soon as the clerk is free, th
Calls come in at a rate of about 12 per hour. The clerk can take an order in an average of 4 minutes. Calls tend to follow a Pois
The cost of the clerk is $10 per hour, but because of lost goodwill and sales, Janson’s loses about $25 per hour of customer tim
a) What is the average utilization rate of the clerck?
b) What is the average time that catalog customers must wait before their calls are transferred to the order clerk?
c) What is the average number of customers waiting to place an order?
d) The manager is considering adding a second clerk to take calls. The store’s cost would be the same $10 per hour. Should th
𝜆 (Arrival rate cust/h) 12 D
TBA (min) 5
𝜇 (Service rate cust/h)
p (Process time, min) 4
15 S
N (Number of servers) 1
Queue type (Kendall's notation) M/M/1
a)
U 80%
b), c)
Lq 3.20 cust
Wq 16.00 min
d)
N (Number of servers) 2
Lq 0.152 cust
Wq 0.76 min
1 clerck 2 clercks
Clerck cost / h 10.00 € 20.00 €
Waiting cost / h 80.00 € 3.80 €
Total cost 90.00 € 23.80 €
Waiting time/h 192 9.12
nt in which a clerk takes orders by telephone. If the clerk is occupied on one line, incoming phone calls to
o wait. As soon as the clerk is free, the party who has waited the longest is transferred and serviced first.
4 minutes. Calls tend to follow a Poisson distribution, and service times tend to be exponential.
es about $25 per hour of customer time spent waiting for the clerk to take an order.
ferred to the order clerk?
be the same $10 per hour. Should the manager hire another clerk? Explain your decision.
Problem 3
Customers arrive at Rich Dunn’s Styling Shop at a rate of 3 per hour, distributed in a Poisson fashion. Rich’s service times follo
average of 5 haircuts per hour.
a) Find the average number of customers waiting for haircuts.
b) Find the average number of customers in the shop.
c) Find the average time a customer waits until it is his or her turn.
d) Find the average time a customer spends in the shop.
e) Find the percentage of time that Rich is busy.
𝜆 (Arrival rate cust/h) 3
𝜇 (Service rate cust/h)
TBA (min) 20
5
p (Process time, min) 12
N (Number of servers) 1
Queue type (Kendall's notation) M/M/1
e)
U 60%
a)
Lq 0.90 cust
b)
Ls 1.50 cust
c)
Wq 18.00 min
d)
Ws 30.00 min
hion. Rich’s service times follow an exponential distribution, and Rich can complete an
Problem 4
A store receives on average 1 customer every 30 sec during the peak hour. The average service time is 2.25 min. The process ti
The store has 5 assistants serving the customers. The manager wants to compare two queuing strategies: 1 single queue for 5
a) What is the average utilization rate?
b) What is the average waiting time with one single line?
c) What is the average time spent by the customers in the store with one single line?
d) What is the average waiting time with 5 independent lines?
f) What is the average time spent by the customers in the store with 5 independent lines?
𝜆 (Arrival rate cust/h) 120
𝜇 (Service rate cust/h)
TBA (min) 0.5
26.66666667
p (Process time, min) 2.25
N (Number of servers) 5
a)
U 90%
Single Line
Queue type (Kendall's notation) M/M/5
b)
Lq 6.862 cust
Wq 3.43 min
c)
Ws 5.68 min
Independent lines
𝜆 (Arrival rate cust/h)
Queue type (Kendall's notation) M/M/1
24 U 0.9
b)
Lq 8.10 cust
Wq 20.25 min
c)
Ws 22.50 min
me is 2.25 min. The process time follows an exponential distribution.
rategies: 1 single queue for 5 servers vs 5 independent queues for each server.
Mean queue length , 95% and 99% percentiles of the queue length M/M/N
Utilization
N
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.70 0.75
0.129 0.267 0.500 1,633 2,250
1
1 2 2 4 3 5 7 11 9
0.059 0.152 0.333 1,345 1,929
2
0 2 1 3 2 5 6 11 8
0.030 0.094 0.237 1,149 1,703
3
0 1 1 2 2 4 6 10 8
0.016 0.060 0.174 1,000 1,528
4
0 1 0 2 1 4 6 10 8
0.009 0.040 0.130 0.882 1,385
5
0 0 0 1 1 3 5 10 7
0.005 0.027 0.099 0.784 1,265
6
0 0 0 1 0 3 5 9 7
0.003 0.018 0.076 0.702 1,161
7
0 0 0 1 0 2 5 9 7
0.002 0.012 0.059 0.631 1,071
8
0 0 0 0 0 2 4 9 6
0.001 0.008 0.046 0.571 0.991
9
0 0 0 0 0 2 4 8 6
0.000 0.006 0.036 0.517 0.920
10
0 0 0 0 0 1 4 8 6
0.000 0.004 0.028 0.471 0.856
11
0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 6
0.000 0.003 0.022 0.429 0.798
12
0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 5
0.000 0.002 0.018 0.392 0.746
13
0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 5
0.000 0.001 0.014 0.359 0.698
14
0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 5
0.000 0.001 0.011 0.329 0.654
15
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 5
Utilization U
0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 0.98
2,250 3,200 4,817 8,100 18,050 48,020
15 12 19 17 27 27 42 57 88 147
1,929 2,844 4,426 7,674 17,587 47,535
14 11 19 16 26 26 42 56 88 146
1,703 2,589 4,139 7,354 17,233 47,160
14 11 18 16 26 26 41 56 87 146
1,528 2,386 3,906 7,090 16,937 46,844
13 11 18 16 26 26 41 56 87 146
1,385 2,216 3,709 6,862 16,678 46,566
13 10 17 15 25 25 41 55 87 145
1,265 2,071 3,536 6,661 16,446 46,314
13 10 17 15 25 25 40 55 86 145
1,161 1,944 3,383 6,480 16,235 46,084
12 10 17 15 25 25 40 55 86 145
1,071 1,831 3,245 6,314 16,039 45,870
12 9 17 15 24 25 40 55 86 145
0.991 1,729 3,118 6,161 15,857 45,669
12 9 16 14 24 24 40 54 86 144
0.920 1,637 3,003 6,019 15,686 45,480
11 9 16 14 24 24 39 54 86 144
0.856 1,553 2,895 5,886 15,525 45,300
11 9 16 14 24 24 39 54 85 144
0.798 1,475 2,796 5,760 15,371 45,129
11 8 16 14 23 24 39 54 85 144
0.746 1,404 2,702 5,642 15,226 44,965
11 8 15 13 23 24 39 54 85 144
0.698 1,338 2,615 5,530 15,086 44,808
10 8 15 13 23 23 39 53 85 143
0.654 1,277 2,533 5,424 14,952 44,656
10 8 15 13 23 23 38 53 85 143
0.98
48,020
226
47,535
226
47,160
226
46,844
225
46,566
225
46,314
225
46,084
224
45,870
224
45,669
224
45,480
224
45,300
224
45,129
223
44,965
223
44,808
223
44,656
223