KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P
24FC114 Applied Mathematics for Power Electronics Engineers FC 3 1 0 4
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C114.1 Apply the concepts of matrix theory in Electrical Engineering problems [AP]
C114.2 Solve boundary value problems associated with engineering applications. [AP]
C114.3 Solve problems using Laplace transform associated with engineering applications. [AP]
Use the effective mathematical tools for the solutions of partial differential equations by using Z [AP]
C114.4
transform techniques for discrete time systems.
C114.5 Able to solve problems using Fourier series associated with engineering applications. [AP]
Course Contents
Unit – I MATRIX THEORY 12
Cholesky decomposition - Generalized Eigenvectors - Canonical basis - QR factorization - Singular value decomposition - Pseudo
inverses - Least square approximation.
Unit – II CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS 12
Concept of variations and its properties - Euler's theorem - Functional dependent on first and higher order of derivatives -
Functional dependent on functions of several independent variables - Variational problems with moving boundaries -
Isoperimetric problems - Direct methods : Rayleigh Ritz method and Kantorovich problems .
Unit – III LAPLACE TRANSFORM TECHNIQUES FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 12
Definitions - Properties - Transform error function - Bessel's function - Dirac Delta function –Unit step function - Convolution
theorem - Inverse Laplace transform - Complex inversion formula - Solutions to partial differential equations : Heat and Wave
equations.
Unit – IV Z - TRANSFORM TECNIQUES FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 12
Z-transforms - Elementary properties – Convergence of Z-transforms - Initial and final value theorems - Inverse Z - transform
(using partial fraction and residues) - Convolution theorem - Formation of difference equations – Solution of difference
equations using Z - transforms.
Unit – V FOURIER SERIES 12
Fourier Trigonometric series: Periodic function as power signals - Convergence of series – Even and odd functions : Cosine and
sine series - Non periodic function - Extension to other intervals - Power signals : Exponential Fourier series - Parseval's
theorem and power spectrum - Eigen value problems and orthogonal functions - Regular Sturm –Liouville systems –
Generalized Fourier series.
TOTAL: 60 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Richard Bronson, Matrix Operation, Schaum's outline series, Second Edition, mcgraw Hill, New Delhi , 2011.
2 Elsgolc. L.d., "calculus of variations" , dover publications inc., new york, 2007.
3 Sankararao. K, Introduction to Partial Differential Equations, Prentice Hall of India Pvt . Ltd, New Delhi , 1997.
Reference books
1 Grewal.B.S., “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 44 th Edition , 2018.
Andrews .L.C, and Phillips. R.L, Mathematical Techniques for Engineers and Scientists , Prentice Hall , New Delhi
2
, 2005.
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
3 [Link]
KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P

24PP211 Modelling and Analysis of Electrical Machines PC 3 1 0 4

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C211.1 Understand about Electromagnetic Energy conversion [U]
C211.2 Understand the concept of Reference frame theory [U]
C211.3 Analyze about DC machines with dynamic performance [AN]
C211.4 Apply reference frame theory on Induction machines. [AP]
C211.5 Apply reference frame theory on Synchronous machines. [AP]
Course Contents
Unit – 1 ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION and DC MACHINES 12
Magnetic circuits, permanent magnet, Energy conservation - stored magnetic energy, co-energy - force and torque in singly and
doubly excited systems – Elementary DC machine and analysis of steady state operation - Voltage and torque equations –
dynamic characteristics - DC motors – Time domain block diagrams - solution of dynamic characteristic by Laplace
transformation
Unit – 2 AC MACHINES -CONCEPTS 12
Distributed Windings - Winding Functions - Air-Gap Magneto motive Force -Rotating MMF - Flux Linkage and Inductance -
Resistance -Voltage and Flux Linkage Equations for Distributed Winding Machines--magnetic noise and harmonics in rotating
electrical machines. Modeling of ‘n’ phase machine.
Unit – 3 REFERENCE FRAME THEORY 12
Historical background – phase transformation and commutator transformation – transformation of variables from stationary to
arbitrary reference frame – transformation of balanced set-variables observed from several frames of reference.
Unit – 4 INDUCTION MACHINES 12
Three phase induction machine and doubly fed induction machine- equivalent circuit and analysis of steady state
operation – free acceleration characteristics – voltage and torque equations in machine variables and arbitrary reference frame
variables – analysis of dynamic performance for load torque variations- Transformation theory for ‘n’ phase induction machine.
Unit – 5 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 12
Three phase synchronous machine and analysis of steady state operation - voltage and torque equations in machine
variables and rotor reference frame variables (Park’s equations) – analysis of dynamic performance for load torque
variations –Krons primitive machine
TOTAL: 60 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Paul [Link], OlegWasyzczuk, Scott S, Sudhoff, “Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems”, IEEE Press,
Second Edition, 2002.
2 Charles Kingsley, A.E. Fitzgerald Jr. and Stephen D. Umans, ‘Electric Machinery’, Tata McGraw-Hill, Fifth Edition,
2002.
Reference Books
1 [Link], “Electric Motor Drives, Modeling, Analysis and Control” , Prentice Hall of India, 2002.
2 Samuel Seely, “Electromechanical Energy Conversion”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, 1962.
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
e_Simulation_in_MATLAB_Simulink.pdf
3 [Link]
KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P

24PP212 Modelling and Design of SMPS PC 3 1 0 4

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C212.1 Analyse and design Non-Isolated DC-DC converter [AN]
C212.2 Analyse and design Isolated DC-DC converter [AN]
C212.3 Derive transfer function of different converters [AN]
C212.4 Design controllers for DC-DC converters [AP]
C212.5 Design magnetic for SMPS application [AP]
Course Contents
Unit – 1 ANALYSIS OF NON-ISOLATED DC-DC CONVERTERS 12
Buck, Boost, Buck- Boost and Cuk converters: Principles of operation – Continuous conduction mode– Concepts of volt-sec
balance and charge balance – Analysis and design based on steady- state relationships – Introduction to discontinuous
conduction mode - SEPIC topology - design examples - Applications to Battery operated vehicle, PV system.
Unit – 2 ANALYSIS OF ISOLATED DC-DC CONVERTERS 12
Introduction - classification- forward- flyback- pushpull – half bridge – full bridge topologies- design of SMPS - Applications to
Battery operated vehicle.
Unit – 3 CONVERTER DYNAMICS 12
AC equivalent circuit analysis – State space averaging – Circuit averaging – Averaged switch modeling – Transfer function
model for buck, boost, buck-boost and cuk converters – Input filters.
Unit – 4 CONTROLLER DESIGN 12
Review of P, PI, and PID control concepts – gain margin and phase margin – Bode plot based analysis – Design of controller for
buck, boost, buck-boost and cuk converters.
Unit – 5 DESIGN OF MAGNETICS 12
Basic magnetic theory revision – Inductor design – Design of mutual inductance – Design of transformer for isolated
topologies – Ferrite core table and selection of area product – wire table – selection of wire gauge.
TOTAL: 60 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Robert W. Erickson & Dragon Maksimovic, ” Fundamentals of Power Electronics”, Third Edition, 2020.
2 Ned Mohan, “Power Electronics: A first course”, Wiley,2011, 1st edition.
Reference Books
1 John G. Kassakian, Martin F. Schlecht, George C. Verghese, “Principles of Power Electronics”, Pearson, India, New
Delhi, 2010
2 Simon Ang and Alejandra Oliva, “Power-Switching Converters”, CRC press, 3rd edition, 2011.
3 Philip T Krein, “ Elements of Power Electronics”, Oxford University Press, 2017.
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
3 [Link]
KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P

24RM511 Research Methodology and IPR RM 3 0 0 3

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C511.1 Understand the fundamental search concepts and data collection methods for conducting research [U]
work.
C511.2 Experiment the test hypothesis and analyze the outcome. [AP]
C511.3 Report the research work and write research proposals for various funding agencies. [AN]
C511.4 Analyze the procedure for patent rights, licensing and transfer of technology. [AN]
Course Contents
Unit – 1 RESEARCH DESIGN 9
Overview of research process and design, Use of Secondary and exploratory data to answer the research question, Qualitative
research, Observation studies, Experiments and Surveys.
Unit – 2 DATA COLLECTION AND SOURCES 9
Measurements, Measurement Scales, Questionnaires and Instruments, Sampling and methods. Data - Preparing, Exploring,
examining and displaying.
Unit – 3 DATA ANALYSIS AND REPORTING 9
Overview of Multivariate analysis, Hypotheses testing and Measures of Association. Presenting Insights and findings using
written reports and oral presentation.
Unit – 4 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 9
Intellectual Property – The concept of IPR, Evolution and development of concept of IPR, IPR development process, Trade
secrets, utility Models, IPR & Bio diversity, Role of WIPO and WTO in IPR establishments, Right of Property, Common rules of
IPR practices, Types and Features of IPR Agreement, Trademark, Functions of UNESCO in IPR maintenance.
Unit – 5 PATENTS 9
Patents – objectives and benefits of patent, Concept, features of patent, Inventive step, Specification, Types of patent
application, process E-filling, Examination of patent, Grant of patent, Revocation, Equitable Assignments, Licences, Licensing
of related patents, patent agents, Registration of patent agents.
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Ranjith Kumar, Research Methodology, SAGE publication, 2018.
2 Robert Coe, Michael Waring, Larry V Hadges, James Aruthur, Research Method and Methodology in Education,
SAGE Publication, 2017.
3 Robert P. Merges, Peter S. Menell, Mark A. Lemley, “Intellectual Property in New Technological Age”, 2016.
Reference Books
1 Dahlia K. Remler, Gregg G. Van Ryzin, Research Methods in Practice (Strategies for Description and
Causation),SAGE Publication, 2015.
2 Uwe Flick, Introducing Research Methodology-A Beginer, SAGE, 2015.
3 T. Ramappa, “Intellectual Property Rights Under WTO”, S. Chand, 2008.
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
3 [Link]
KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Course Hours/Week
Course Name Category C
Code L T P
24PP213 Analysis and Design of Power Converters PC 3 0 2 4
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C213.1 Understand about Electromagnetic Energy conversion [U]
C213.2 Understand the concept of Reference frame theory [U]
C213.3 Analyze about DC machines with dynamic performance [AN]
C213.4 Apply reference frame theory on Induction machines. [AP]
C213.5 Apply reference frame theory on Synchronous machines. [AP]
Course Contents
Unit – 1 SINGLE PHASE AC-DC CONVERTER 9
Static Characteristics of power diode, SCR and GTO, half controlled and fully controlled converters with R-L, R-L-E loads and
freewheeling diodes – continuous and discontinuous modes of operation - inverter operation and its limit –Sequence
control of converters – performance parameters – effect of source impedance and overlap-reactive power and power
balance in converter circuit.
Unit – 2 THREE PHASE AC-DC CONVERTER 9
Half controlled and fully controlled converters with R, R-L, R-L-E loads and freewheeling diodes – inverter operation and its
limit – performance parameters – effect of source impedance and overlap - 12 pulse converter –Applications - Excitation
system, DC drive system.
Unit – 3 SINGLE PHASE INVERTERS 9
Introduction to self-commutated switches : MOSFET and IGBT - Principle of operation of half and full bridge inverters –
Performance parameters – Voltage control of single phase inverters using various PWM techniques – various harmonic
elimination techniques – Design of UPS - VSR operation.
Unit – 4 THREE PHASE INVERTERS 9
180 degree and 120 degree conduction mode inverters with star and delta connected loads – voltage control of three phase
inverters: single, multi pulse, sinusoidal, space vector modulation techniques – VSR operation-Application – Induction
heating, AC drive system – Current source inverters.
Unit – 5 MODERN INVERTERS 9
Multilevel concept – diode clamped – flying capacitor – cascaded type multilevel inverters - Comparison of multilevel
inverters - application of multilevel inverters – PWM techniques for MLI – Single phase &Three phase Impedance source
inverters – Filters.
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Lab Components TOTAL: 15 Hours
C213.6 Ability to design and fabricate the gate drive, three-phase controlled rectifiers and isolated DC-DC converters
circuits.
List of Experiments:
1. Study of switching characteristics of Power MOSFET & IGBT.
2. Circuit Simulation of Three-phase semi-converter with R, RL & RLE load.
3. Circuit Simulation of Three-phase fully controlled converter with R, RL & RLE load.
4. Circuit Simulation of Three-phase Voltage Source Inverter in 180 and 120 degree mode of conduction
5. Circuit simulation of Three-phase PWM inverter and study of spectrum analysis for various modulation indices.
6. Simulation of Four quadrant operation of DC Chopper.
7. Generation of Gating pulse using Arduino/Micro Controller/PIC microcontroller for a DC-DC converter and single-phase
voltage source inverter.
8. Simulation of a single-phase Z-source inverter with R load.
9. Simulation of three-phase AC voltage Controller with R load.
10. Simulation of a five-level cascaded multilevel inverter with R load.
11. Simulation of a Flyback DC-DC converter
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Rashid M.H., “Power Electronics Circuits, Devices and Applications ", Pearson, fourth Edition, 10th Impression
2021.
2 [Link] “Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives”, Pearson Education, Second Edition, 2003
Reference Books
1 Ned Mohan, [Link] and [Link], “Power Electronics: converters, Application and design”, 3rd
edition Wiley, 2007.
KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P
24PP214 Power Converters Simulation Laboratory PC 0 0 4 2
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C214.1 Verify the results of converter output and they can calculate RMS and Average values of output [AP]
voltage and current
C214.2 Calculate frequency and output voltage and current of inverter [AP]
C214.3 Analyze the performance of motor with ac voltage controller and cycloconverters [AP]
TOTAL: 30 Hours
List of Experiments:
1. Simulation of Single phase Semi controlled converter .a) R Load. b) RL load. c) RLE Load
2. Simulation of Single phase fully controlled converter. a) R Load. b) RL load. c) RLE Load
3. Simulation of Three phase semi controlled converter
4. Simulation of Three phase fully controlled converter
5. Simulation of Single phase Dual converter
6. Simulation of Single phase full bridge Inverter
7. Simulation of Single phase half bridge Inverter
8. Simulations of Three phase full bridge inverter. a) 180 degree mode operation b) 120 degree mode operation
Simulation of single phase AC Voltage Controller. a) Lamp load b) Motor load
9. Simulations of Three phase AC Voltage Controller. a) Lamp load b) Motor load
10. Simulation of PWM inverters 16. a) Sinusoidal PWM b) Square PWM
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Fang Lin Luo, Hong Ye, Muhammad H. Rashid, “Digital Power Electronics and Applications”, Elsevier Academic
Press, 2005.
2 Simone Buso , Paolo Mattavelli,”Digital Control in Power Electronics”, 2nd Edition, Springer Nature Switzerland
AG 2015.
Reference Books
1 Frede Blaabjerg,”Control of Power Electronic Converters and Systems”, Elsevier Book, Volume 1, 2018.
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P
24PP221 Analysis Of Electrical Drives PC 3 1 0 4
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C221.1 Apply knowledge of mathematics in Machine dynamics and generic and mechanical loads. [ AP ]
C221.2 Apply knowledge of mathematics in converter/chopper to achieve desired control by altering relative [ AP ]
parameters in controllers.
C221.3 Design and simulate a closed loop motor drive system with controllers for the current and speed [ AP ]
control operations
C221.4 Analyze, comprehend, design and simulate induction motor based adjustable speed drives on stator [ AP ]
side.
C221.5 analyze, comprehend, design and simulate induction motor based adjustable speed drives on rotor side. [ AP ]
Course Contents
Unit – I DC MOTORS FUNDAMENTALS AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 12
DC motor- Types, induced emf, speed-torque relations; Speed control – Armature and field speed control; Ward Leonard
control – Constant torque and constant horsepower operation. Characteristics of mechanical system – dynamic equations,
components of torque, types of load; Requirements of drives characteristics - stability of drives–multi-quadrant operation;
Drive elements, types of motor duty and selection of motor rating
Unit – II CONVERTER AND CHOPPER CONTROL 12
Principle of phase control – Fundamental relations; Analysis of series and separately excited DC motor with single-phase and
three-phase converters – performance parameters, performance characteristics. Introduction to time ratio control and
frequency modulation; chopper controlled DC motor – performance analysis, multi-quadrant control - Chopper based
implementation of braking schemes; Related problems
Unit – III CLOSED LOOP CONTROL 12
Modeling of drive elements – Equivalent circuit, transfer function of self, separately excited DC motors; Linear Transfer
function model of power converters; Sensing and feeds back elements - Closed loop speed control – current and speed loops, P,
PI and PID controllers – response comparison. Simulation of converter and chopper fed DC drive
Unit – IV VSI AND CSI FED STATOR CONTROLLED INDUCTION MOTOR CONTROL 12
AC voltage controller – six step inverter voltage control-closed loop variable frequency PWM inverter fed induction motor (IM)
with braking-CSI fed IM variable frequency motor drives – pulse width modulation techniques – simulation of closed loop
operation of stator controlled induction motor drives
Unit – V FUZZY LOGIC AND NEURAL NETWORK IN MOTOR DRIVES 12
Introduction: Fuzzy set – Fuzzy system – application: Induction motor speed control, wind generation system – slip gain –
Introduction: Artificial Neuron Network – Identification and control – application: PWM controller, Speed Estimation by RNN.
TOTAL: 60 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
[Link], “Electric Motor Drives – Modeling, Analysis and Control”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New
1
Delhi,2010
2 Bimal K Bose, “Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives”, Pearson Education Asia 2002.
Vedam Subramanyam, “Electric Drives – Concepts and Applications”, Tata McGraw- Hill publishing company
3
Ltd., New Delhi, 2002.
Reference Books
1 P.C Sen “Thyristor DC Drives”, John wiely and sons, New York, 1981.
2 [Link], “Control of Electrical Drives”, Narosa Publishing House, 1992.
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
3 [Link]
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P

24PP222 Special Electrical Machines PC 3 0 0 3

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C222.1 Know the concepts related with stepper motor. [ AP ]
C222.2 Understand the working and various characteristics of switched reluctance machines. [ AP ]
C222.3 Study the working principle and characteristics of permanent magnet brushless DC motors. [ AP ]
C222.4 Know the construction, working principles and characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous [ AP ]
motor and synchronous reluctance motor.
C222.5 Understand the features of axial flux machines in comparison with radial flux machines and to know the [ AP ]
principles of axial flux machines.
Course Contents
Unit – I STEPPER MOTORS 9
Constructional features –Principle of operation –Types – Torque predictions – Linear and Nonlinear
analysis – Characteristics – Drive circuits – Closed loop control –Applications
Unit – II SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTORS 9
Constructional features – Principle of operation- Torque prediction – Characteristics – Power controllers – Control of SRM
drive- Speed control-current control-design procedures- Sensor less operation of SRM – Current sensing- rotor position
measurement and estimation methods sensor less rotor position estimation-inductance based estimation –applications
Unit – III PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS DC MOTORS 9
Fundamentals of Permanent Magnets- Types- Principle of operation- Magnetic circuit analysis EMF and Torque equations-
Characteristics- Controller design-Transfer function –Machine, Load and Inverter-Current and Speed Controller
Unit – IV PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHROUNOUS MOTORS 9
Permanent Magnet ac Machines, Machine Configurations, PMSM - Principle of operation – EMF and Torque equations - Phasor
diagram - Torque speed characteristics – Modeling and small signal equations- evaluation of control characteristics- design of
current and speed controllers- Constructional features, operating principle and characteristics of synchronous reluctance
motor
Unit – V AXIAL FLUX MACHINES 9
Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machines- Comparison with Radial Flux Machines- Development- Geometries, Principle of
Operation-Torque production - Applications. Axial flux switched reluctance machine- Topologies and Structures -Operating
Principles -Output Equation- Applications
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
Jacek F. Gieras, Dr. Rong-Jie Wang, Professor Maarten J. Kamper - Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Brushless
1
Machines-Springer Netherlands (2008)
Bilgin, Berker_ Emadi, Ali_ Jiang, James Weisheng - Switched reluctance motor drives: fundamentals to
2
applications-CRC (2019)
Ramu Krishnan - Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motor Drives -CRC Press, Marcel
3
Applications -CRC Press (2001)
Reference Books
[Link], ‘ Stepping motors and their microprocessor controls’, Oxford University press, New Delhi, 2000
1
Dekker (2009)
2 T.J.E. Miller, ‘Brushless magnet and Reluctance motor drives’, Clarendon press, London, 1989
Web References
1 NPTEL Variable Reluctance Motor: [Link]
2 NPTEL Switched Reluctance Motor: [Link]
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P

24PP223 Electric Vehicles And Power Management PC 3 1 0 4

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C223.1 Learn the electric vehicle architecture and power train components. [AN]
C223.2 Acquire the concepts of dynamics of Electrical Vehicles. [AN]
C223.3 Understand the vehicle control for Standard Drive Cycles of Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEVs). [AN]
C223.4 Ability to model and understand the Energy Storage Systems for EV. [AN]
C223.5 Acquire the knowledge of different modes and Energy Management in HEVs. [AN]
Course Content
Unit – I HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE ARCHITECTURE AND POWER TRAIN COMPONENTS 12
History of Evolution of Electric Vehicles (EV) - Comparison of Electric Vehicles with Internal Combustion Engines -
Architecture of Electric Vehicles (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) – Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)- Power
Train Components and Sizing, Gears, Clutches, Transmission and Brakes.
Unit – II MECHANICS OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES 12
Fundamentals of Vehicle Mechanics - Tractive Force, Power and Energy Requirements for Standard Drive Cycles of HEV's -
Motor Torque - Power Rating and Battery Capacity.
Unit – III CONTROL OF DC AND AC MOTOR DRIVES 12
Speed control for Constant Torque, Constant HP operation of all Electric Motors - DC/DC chopper based Four Quadrant
Operation of DC Motor Drives, Inverter-based V/f Operation (motoring and braking) of Induction Motor Drives, Vector Control
Operation of Induction Motor and PMSM, Brushless DC Motor Drives, Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) Drives.
Unit – IV ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS 12
Battery: Principle of operation, Types, Estimation Of Parameters, Battery Modelling, SOC of Battery, Traction Batteries and
their capacity for Standard Drive Cycles, Vehicle to Grid operation of EV's - Alternate sources: Fuel cells, Ultra capacitors, Fly
wheels.
Unit – V HYBRID VEHICLE CONTROL STRATEGY AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT 12
HEV Supervisory Control - Selection of modes - Power Spilt Mode - Parallel Mode - Engine Brake Mode - Regeneration Mode -
Series Parallel Mode - Energy Management of HEV's.
TOTAL: 60 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Iqbal Husain, “Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles”, First Edition, CRC Press, 2011
2 Wei Liu, “Hybrid Electric Vehicle System Modeling and Control”, Second Edition, Wiley, 2017
3 James Larminie and John Lowry, “Electric Vehicle Technology Explained”, Second Edition, 2012
Reference Books
Mehredad Ehsani, Yimi Gao, Stefano Longo and Kambiz Ebrahimi,” Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric and Fuel
1
cell Vehicles”, Third edition, CRC Press, 2019
Jingsheng Yu and Vladimir V. Vantsevich, “Control Application of Vehicle Dynamics”, First Edition, CRC Press,
2
2021
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
3 [Link]
KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P
24PP424 Advanced Electrical Drives PC 0 0 4 2
Laboratory
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C424.1 Analyze the performance of DC and AC motor. [AP]
C424.2 Analyze the performance characteristics of DC and AC motor in Regenerative/ Dynamic breaking. [AP]
C424.3 Understand the PLC based motor control. [AP]
C424.4 Apply DSP controller to the Induction SRM. [AP]
TOTAL: 30 Hours
List of Experiments:
1. Speed control of DC motor using three phase fully controlled converter.
2. Speed control of DC motor using DC Chopper.
3. Regenerative/ Dynamic breaking operation for DC motor study using software.
4. DSP controlled Induction motor drive.
5. Performance study of Stator Voltage Controlled Induction Motor Drive.
6. Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive.
7. IGBT Based Three Phase PWM Inverter.
8. Regenerative/ Dynamic breaking operation for AC motor study using software.
9. PLC based AC/DC motor control operation.
10. DSP based speed control of SRM motor.
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 G. K. Dubey,“Fundamentals of Electric Drives, Narosa Publishing House”, 2nd edition, 2011.
2 R. Krishnan, ‘Electric Motor Drives – Modeling, Analysis and Control’, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
2010
3 BimalK .Bose, ‘Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives’, Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2014.
Reference Books
1 VedamSubramanyam, “Electric Drives – Concepts and Applications”, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing company Ltd.,
New Delhi, 2009
2 P.C Sen “Thyristor DC Drives”, John wiely and sons, New York, 2007.
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P
24PP425 Design Laboratory for Power Electronics PC 0 0 4 2
Systems
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C425.1 Independently carryout research and development work in power converters [AP]
C425.2 Demonstrate a degree of mastery over the design and fabrication of switching regulators. [AP]
C425.3 Apply conceptual basis required for design and testing of various devices. [AP]
C425.4 Interact with industry to take up problem of societal importance as Miniprojct designed. [AP]
C425.5 Compare different possible solution to the same practical problem. [AP]
TOTAL: 30 Hours
List of Experiments:
1. Selection and Design of components (Inductor, Capacitor, transformers and devices) for power converters
2. Design and testing of Isolated converter design and verification (100 W)
3. Design and testing of Non-isolated converter design and verification (100 W)
4. Mini Project Demonstration with applications
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 M.H. Rashid, “Power Electronics circuits, devices and applications”, Pearson Education, Inc. Third Edition 2009.
2 Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland & William P. Robbins, “Power Electronics –Converters, Applications and Design”,
John Wiley & Sons, Third edition, 2009.
3 Philip T. krein, “Elements of Power Electronics” Oxford University Press, 2012.
Reference Books
1 P.S. Bhimbra, “Power Electronics”, Khanna Publishers, Fifth edition, 2012.
2 P.C. Sen, “Power Electronics”, Tata McGraw-Hill, Second edition 2007.
3 Bimal K. Bose, “Modern Power Electronics & AC Drives”, Prentice Hall, Second edition, 2014
Web References
1 [Link]
plus/[Link]
2 [Link] electricity-future- ieee-smart grid- x-0
KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P
24PP301 Power Semiconductor Devices PE 3 0 0 3
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C301.1 Understand the basic architectures of NN and Fuzzy sets [U]
C301.2 Design and implement ANN architectures, algorithms and know their limitations [AN]
C301.3 Identify and work with different operations on the fuzzy sets. [U]
C301.4 Develop ANN and fuzzy logic based models and control schemes for non-linear systems. [AP]
C301.5 Understand and explore hybrid control schemes and PSO [U]
Course Contents
Unit – I INTRODUCTION 9
Power switching devices overview – Attributes of an ideal switch, application requirements, circuit symbols; Power handling
capability – (SOA); Power diodes – Types, forward and reverse characteristics, switching characteristics – rating. Features and
Brief History of Silicon Carbide- Promise and Demonstration of SiC Power Devices- Physical Properties of Silicon Carbide
devices –Unipolar and Bipolar Diodes- GaN Technology Overview
Unit – II CURRENT CONTROLLED DEVICES 9
BJT’s – Construction, static characteristics, switching characteristics; Negative temperature coefficient and second breakdown; -
Thyristors – Construction, working, static and transient characteristics, types, series and parallel operation; comparison of BJT
and Thyristor – steady state and dynamic models of BJT &Thyristor- Basics of GTO, SiC based Bipolar devices Applications-
Building a GaN Transistor –GaN Transistor Electrical Characteristics
Unit – III VOLTAGE CONTROLLED DEVICES 9
Power MOSFETs and IGBTs – Principle of voltage controlled devices, construction, types, static and switching characteristics,
steady state and dynamic models of MOSFET and IGBTs – and IGCT. New semiconductor materials for devices – Intelligent
power modules- study of modules like APTGT100TL170G, MSCSM70TAM05TPAG. Integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT)
– SiC based unipolar devices-applications
Unit – IV DEVICE SELECTION , DRIVING and PROTECTING CIRCUITS 9
Device selection strategy – On-state and switching losses – EMI due to switching. Necessity of isolation, pulse transformer,
optocoupler – Gate drive integrated circuit: Study of Driver IC IRS2110/2113. SCR, MOSFET, IGBTs and base driving for power
BJT. – Over voltage, over current and gate protections; Design of snubbers
Unit – V THERMAL PROTECTION 9
Heat transfer – conduction, convection and radiation; Cooling – liquid cooling, vapour – phase cooling; Guidance for hear sink
selection – Thermal resistance and impedance –Electrical analogy of thermal components, heat sink types and design –
Mounting types- switching loss calculation for power device
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
Rashid M.H., "Power Electronics Circuits, Devices and Applications", Prentice Hall India, Third Edition, New
1
Delhi, 2013.
Ned Mohan, Undeland and Robbin, “Power Electronics: converters, Application and design”, John Wiley and
2
[Link], Newyork, Reprint 2009
3 Sen PC,"Modern Power Electronics ", Wheeler publishing Co, McGraw Hill 2007.
Reference Books
1 Philip T. krein, “Elements of Power Electronics” Oxford University Press, 2012.
2 P.S. Bhimbra, “Power Electronics”, Khanna Publishers, Fifth edition, 2012.
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
[Link] electronics-spring-
3
2007/lecture-notes/
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P
24PP302 System Design Using Microcontroller PE 3 0 0 3
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C302.1 Understand the features of microcontroller 8051 [U]
C302.2 Write programs using 8051 assemble language, utilizing its build in features [AP]
C302.3 Understand the features of PIC microcontroller. [U]
C302.4 Use the peripherals built in the PIC microcontroller through programming [AN]
C302.5 Grasp the interfacing concepts involving in the design of microcontroller based systems. [AN]
Course Contents
Unit – I 8051 ARCHITECTURE 9
Architecture – memory organization – addressing modes – instruction set – Timers – Interrupts – I/O ports, Interfacing I/O
Devices – Serial Communication.
Unit – II 8051 PROGRAMMING 9
Assembly language programming – Arithmetic Instructions – Logical Instructions –Single bit Instructions – Timer Counter
Programming – Serial Communication Programming Interrupt Programming – LCD digital clock/thermometer. Introduction to
IDE based assembler programming.
Unit – III PIC 16 MICROCONTROLLER 9
Architecture – memory organization – addressing modes – instruction set – PIC programming in Assembly & C –I/O port, Data
Conversion, RAM & ROM Allocation, Timer programming, practice in MP-LAB.
Unit – IV PERIPHERAL OF PIC 16 MICROCONTROLLER 9
Timers – Interrupts, I/O ports- I2C bus-A/D converter-UART- CCP modules –ADC, DAC and Sensor Interfacing –Flash and
EEPRO Memories
Unit – V SYSTEM DESIGN –CASE STUDY 9
Interfacing LCD Display – Keypad Interfacing – Generation of Gate signals for converters and Inverters – Motor Control –
Controlling DC/ AC appliances – Measurement of frequency- Standalone Data Acquisition System
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Kenneth J Ayala, “The 8051 Microcontroller”, Thomson press, 2007
2 Muhammad Ali Mazidi, [Link], Danny Causey ‘ PIC Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using
Assembly and C for PIC18’, Pearson Education 2008
3 Richard Blum, “Arduino Programming in 24 Hours”, Pearson Education, 1st edition, 2015.
Reference Books
1 Rajkamal, ”Microcontrollers Architecture, Programming, Interfacing & System Design, Pearson, 2012.
2 Muhammad Ali Mazidi, SarmadNaimi, SepehrNaimi,” The AVR Microcontroller and Embedded Systems’ Using
Assembly & C, PearsonEducation,2014
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
3 [Link]
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P
24PP303 Solar Energy Generation and Utilization PE 3 0 0 3
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C303.1 Understand solar thermal power generating systems, principles, materials and theories U
C303.2 Understand solar photovoltaic power generating systems, principles, materials and theories U
C303.3 Understand the fundamental concepts of solar energy radiation, its measurement and collecting U
instruments
C303.4 Study about approaches for the storage of solar energy U
C303.5 Learn about the areas of solar energy application U
Course Contents
Unit – I SOLAR THERMAL POWER GENERATION 9
Solar Parabolic trough - Solar parabolic dish, Solar tower concepts-Tower design - Heliostat type Performance study, site
selection and land requirement for the above technologies
Unit – II SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION 9
Solar PV technologies overview - Stationary and concentrated PV, Standalone systems-Grid connected systems, Site selection
and land requirements, Environmental considerations
Unit – III SOLAR RADIATION MEASUREMENT 9
Solar radiation and modelling, Empirical equations for the predicting availability of solar radiation Measurement of global,
direct and diffuse radiation- Standard radiation scale-Measurement of solar radiation -Solar energy measuring instruments –
Pyranometer - Pyrheliometer -Sunshine recorder
Unit – IV SOLAR ENERGY STORAGE 9
Types of Energy Storage- thermal storage Electrical Storage Chemical Storage Hydro-storage
Unit – V SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS 9
Introduction and principle of operation of solar cooling Building Heating: Passive and Hybrid Methods -Solar air heater -Solar
water heater -Solar distillation - Solar pond -Solar thermal power generation - Greenhouse

TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Soteris A. Kalogirou,’ Solar Energy Engineering: Processes and Systems’, 2009
2 Sukhatme S.P., Solar Energy, Tata McGraw Hills P Co., 3rd Edition, 2008.
3 Solar and Infrared Radiation Measurements (Energy and the Environment) June,2012
Reference Books
1 Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, John A. Duffie, William A. Beckman,4th Edition, April 2013.
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P
24PP304 Soft Computing Techniques PE 3 0 0 3
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C304.1 Understand the basic architectures of NN and Fuzzy sets [U]
C304.2 Design and implement ANN architectures, algorithms and know their limitations [AN]
C304.3 Identify and work with different operations on the fuzzy sets. [U]
C304.4 Develop ANN and fuzzy logic based models and control schemes for non-linear systems. [AP]
C304.5 Understand and explore hybrid control schemes and PSO [U]
Course Content
Unit – I INTRODUCTION AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS 9
Introduction to intelligent systems- Soft computing techniques- Conventional Computing versus Swarm Computing -
Classification of meta-heuristic techniques - Properties of Swarm intelligent Systems - Application domain - Discrete and
continuous problems - Single objective and multi-objective problems -Neuron- Nerve structure and synapse- Artificial
Neuron and its model- activation functions- Neural network architecture- single layer and multilayer feed forward networks-
Mc Culloch Pitts neuron model- perceptron model- Adaline and Madaline- multilayer perception model- back propagation
learning methods- effect of learning rule coefficient -back propagation algorithm- factors affecting back propagation
training- applications.
Unit – II ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY 9
Counter propagation network- architecture- functioning & characteristics of counter Propagation network- Hopfield/
Recurrent network configuration - stability constraints associative memory and characteristics- limitations and applications-
Hopfield v/s Boltzmann machine- Adaptive Resonance Theory- Architecture- classifications- Implementation and training -
Associative Memory.
Unit – III FUZZY LOGIC SYSTEM 9
Introduction to crisp sets and fuzzy sets- basic fuzzy set operation and approximate reasoning. Introduction to fuzzy logic
modeling and control- Fuzzification inferencing and defuzzification-Fuzzy knowledge and rule bases-Fuzzy modeling and
control schemes for nonlinear systems. Self-organizing fuzzy logic control- Fuzzy logic control for nonlinear time delay system.
Unit – IV GENETIC ALGORITHM 9
Evolutionary programs – Genetic algorithms, genetic programming and evolutionary programming - Genetic Algorithm versus
Conventional Optimization Techniques - Genetic representations and selection mechanisms; Genetic operators- different types
of crossover and mutation operators - Optimization problems using GA-discrete and continuous - Single objective and multi-
objective problems - Procedures in evolutionary programming.
Unit – V HYBRID CONTROL SCHEMES 9
Fuzzification and rule base using ANN–Neuro fuzzy systems-ANFIS – Fuzzy Neuron - Optimization of membership function and
rule base using Genetic Algorithm –Introduction to Support Vector Machine- Evolutionary Programming-Particle Swarm
Optimization - Case study – Familiarization of NN, FLC and ANFIS Tool Box.
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Laurene V. Fausett, Fundamentals of Neural Networks: Architectures, Algorithms and Applications, Pearson
Education, 2012.
2 Zimmermann H.J. "Fuzzy set theory and its Applications" Springer international edition, 2011.
3 Timothy J. Ross, “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications” Wiley India, 2008.
Reference Books
1 David [Link], “Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning”, Pearson Education, 2009
2 [Link], [Link] and [Link], “Neural Networks for Control”, MIT Press, 1996.
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P
22PP305 System Theory PE 3 0 0 3
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C305.1 Understand the concept of State-State representation for Dynamic Systems [U]
C305.2 Explain the solution techniques of state equations [AP]
C305.3 Realize the properties of control systems in state space form [U]
C305.4 Identify non-linearities and evaluate the stability of the system using Lyapnov notion [AN]
C305.5 Perform Modal analysis and design controller and observer in state space form [AN]
Course Contents
Unit – 1 STATE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION 9
Introduction-Concept of State-Space equations for Dynamic Systems –Time invariance and linearity- Non uniqueness of state
model- Physical Systems and State Assignment – free and forced responses- State Diagrams.
Unit – 2 SOLUTION OF STATE EQUATIONS 9
Existence and uniqueness of solutions to Continuous-time state equations – Solution of Nonlinear and Linear Time Varying
State equations – State transition matrix and its properties – Evaluation of matrix exponential- System modes- Role of Eigen
values and Eigen vectors.
Unit – 3 PROPERTIES OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM 9
Controllability and Observability-Stabilizability and Detectability-Test for Continuous time Systems- Time varying and Time
invariant case-Output Controllability-Reducibility-System Realizations.
Unit – 4 NON-LINEARITIES AND STABILITY ANALYSIS 9
Equilibrium Points-Stability in the sense of Lyapunov-BIBO Stability-Stability of LTI Systems-Types of nonlinearity – Phase
plane analysis – Singular points – Limit cycles – Construction of phase trajectories – Describing function method – Derivation
of describing functions. Equilibrium Stability of Nonlinear Continuous Time Autonomous Systems – Direct Method of Lyapnov
and the Linear Continuous-Time Autonomous Systems- Lyapunov Functions for Nonlinear Continuous Time Autonomous
Systems-Krasovskii and Variable-Gradiant Method
Unit – 5 MODAL ANALYSIS 9
Controllable and Observable Companion Forms – SISO and MIMO Systems – Effect of State Feedback on Controllability and
Observability-Pole Placement by State Feedback for both SISO and MIMO Systems-Full Order and Reduced Order Observers.
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Gopal.M, “Modern Control System Theory”, New Age International, 2014.
2 Ogatta.K, “Modern Control Engineering”, PHI, 2009.
3 John S. Bay, “Fundamentals of Linear State Space Systems”, McGraw-Hill, 1999
Reference Books
1 Roy Choudhury.D, “Modern Control Systems”, New Age International, 2005.
2 John J. DAzzo, C. H. Houpis and S. N. Sheldon, “Linear Control System Analysis and Design with MATLAB”, Taylor
Francis, 2008.
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P

24PP306 Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Systems PE 3 0 0 3

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C306.1 Analyze the impacts of renewable energy technologies on the environment and demonstrate them to [AN]
harness electrical power.
C306.2 Select a suitable Electrical machine for Wind Energy Conversion Systems. [AN]
C306.3 Design the power converters such as AC-DC, DC-DC, and AC-AC converters for solar energy systems. [AN]
C306.4 Design the power converters such as AC-DC, DC-DC, and AC-AC converters for wind energy systems. [AN]
C306.5 Interpret the stand-alone, grid-connected, and hybrid renewable energy systems with MPPT. [AN]
Course Contents
Unit – I INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS 9
Classification of Energy Sources – Importance of Non-conventional energy sources – Advantages and disadvantages of
conventional energy sources – Environmental aspects of energy – Impacts of renewable energy generation on the environment
– Qualitative study of renewable energy resources: Ocean energy, Biomass energy, Hydrogen energy, - Solar Photovoltaic (PV),
Fuel cells: Operating principles and characteristics, Wind Energy: Nature of wind, Types, control strategy, operating area
Unit – II ELECTRICAL MACHINES FOR WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS (WECS) 9
Review of reference theory fundamentals –Construction, Principle of operation and analysis: Squirrel Cage Induction Generator
(SCIG), Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) – Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG).
Unit – III POWER CONVERTERS AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS 9
Power Converters: Line commutated converters (inversion-mode) – Boost and buck-boost converters- selection of inverter,
battery sizing, array sizing. Analysis: Block diagram of the solar PV systems – Types of Solar PV systems: Stand-alone PV
systems, Grid integrated solar PV Systems – Grid connection Issues
Unit – IV POWER CONVERTERS AND ANALYSIS OF WIND SYSTEMS 9
Power Converters: Three-phase AC voltage controllers- AC-DC-AC converters: uncontrolled rectifiers, PWM Inverters, Grid-
Interactive Inverters – Matrix converter. Analysis: Stand-alone operation of fixed and variable speed WECS-Grid integrated SCIG
and PMSG based WECS.
Unit – V HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS 9
Need for Hybrid Systems- Range and type of Hybrid systems- Case studies of Diesel-PV, Wind PV, Microhydel-PV, Biomass-
Diesel systems – Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT).
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Rashid .M. H “Power electronics Hand book”, Academic press,2nd Edition, 2006.
2 Ned Mohan, Undeland and Robbin, “Power Electronics: Converters, Application and
Design”, John’s Wiley and sons, 3rd Edition 2007.
3 [Link] “Non-conventional Energy sources “,Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2017.
Reference Books
1 [Link], [Link], & S. Banerjee “Wind Electrical Systems”, Oxford University Press,
2009
2 Rai. G.D, “Non-conventional energy sources”, Khanna publishers, 2010
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
3 [Link]
2007/lecture-notes/
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P

24PP307 Modern Rectifiers And Resonant Converters PE 3 0 0 3

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C307.1 Understand the standards for supply current harmonics and its significance. [U]
C307.2 Design power factor correction rectifiers for UPS applications. [AN]
C307.3 Analyse and design the resonant converters. [AN]
C307.4 Derive the state space model of basic and derived DC-DC converters. [AN]
C307.5 Design an appropriate controller for PWM rectifiers. [AN]
Course Contents
Unit – I POWER SYSTEM HARMONICS & LINE COMMUTATED RECTIFIERS 9
Average power-RMS value of an AC waveform-Power factor-AC line current harmonic standards IEC 1000-IEEE 519- The Single
phase full wave rectifier -Continuous Conduction Mode Discontinuous Conduction Mode-Single phase Rectifier’s behavior for
large value of Capacitance – Minimizing THD for small value of Capacitance- Three phase rectifiers- Continuous Conduction
Mode-Discontinuous Conduction Mode- Introduction to Harmonic trap filters.
Unit – II PULSE WIDTH MODULATED RECTIFIERS 9
Properties of Ideal rectifiers -Realization of non-ideal rectifier -Single phase converter system incorporating ideal rectifiers-
Modeling losses and efficiency in CCM – high quality rectifiers –Boost rectifier-expression for controller duty cycle-expression
for DC load current-solution for converter Efficiency.
Unit– III RESONANT CONVERTERS 9
Review on Parallel and Series Resonant Switches-Soft Switching- Zero Current Switching – Zero Voltage Switching –
Classification of Quasi resonant switches -Zero Current and Zero Voltage Switching of Quasi Resonant Buck converter- Zero
Current and Zero Voltage Switching of Quasi Resonant Boost converter: Steady State analysis.
Unit – IV DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SWITCHING CONVERTERS 9
Review of linear system analysis-State Space Averaging-Basic State Space Average Model- State Space Averaged model for Buck
Converter, Boost Converter, Buck Boost Converter and Cuk Converter.
Unit – V CONTROL OF PWM RECTIFIRS 9
Pulse Width Modulation-Voltage Mode PWM Scheme-Current Mode PWM Scheme- Average current Control-Current
Programmed Control- Hysteresis control- Nonlinear carrier control –Design of Controllers: PI Controller, Variable Structure
Controller for source current shaping of PWM rectifiers.
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 John G. Kassakian, Martin F. Schlecht, George C. Verghese, “Principles of Power Electronics”,Pearson, India, New
Delhi, 2010
2 Philip T Krein, “Elements of Power Electronics”, Oxford University Press,1998
3 Ned Mohan, “Power Electronics: A first course”, John Wiley,2011
Reference Books
1 [Link], “Power Electronics”, Khanna Publishers, Eleventh Edition, 2003
2 [Link] “Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives”, Pearson Education, Second Edition, 2003
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
3 [Link]
2007/lecture-notes/
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P

24PP308 Advanced Power Converters PE 3 0 0 3

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C308.1 Understand the working of voltage lift circuits [U]
C308.2 Design the super lift converters [AN]
C308.3 Understand the working and applications of ultra-lift converters [U]
C308.4 Acquire knowledge on working and design of bi-directional DC-DC converters [AN]
C308.5 Understand the concepts related with impedance source converter [U]
Course Contents
Unit – I VOLTAGE-LIFT CONVERTERS 9
Introduction- Self-lift and reverse self-lift circuits- Cuk converter, Luo converter and SEPIC converter- continuous and
discontinuous conduction mode.-Applications
Unit – II POSITIVE OUTPUT &NEGATIVE OUTPUT SUPER-LIFT LUO CONVERTERS 9
Main series, -Elementary Circuit, Re-Lift Circuit, Triple-Lift Circuit, Higher-Order Lift Circuit-. Continuous and discontinuous
conduction modes- Applications
Unit – III ULTRA LIFT CONVERTERS AND MULTIPLE-QUADRANT OPERATING LUO-CONVERTERS 9
Ultra-Lift Luo- Converter- Operation – Continuous and discontinuous conduction Modes of UltraLift Luo-Converter-
Instantaneous Values- Multiple quadrant operating Luo Converters- Circuit explanations-Modes of operation- Applications
Unit – IV BIDIRECTIONAL DUAL ACTIVE BRIDGE DC–DC CONVERTERS 9
Application of Bidirectional DC–DC Converter-Classification of Bidirectional DC–DC Converter – Working Principle of Hybrid-
Bridge-Based Dual active bridge (DAB) converter- Performance Voltage mode control- Principle of Dual-Transformer based
DAB converter- Three-Level bidirectional DC–DC converter- Applications
Unit – V IMPEDANCE SOURCE CONVERTER 9
Voltage‐Fed Z‐source inverters –Topologies –Steady state and dynamic model- Current fed Z‐ source inverter –Topology –
Modification and operational principles. Modulation Methods- Sine PWM- SVPWM and Pulse width Amplitude Modulation-
Applications
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Fang Lin Luo, Hong Ye “Advanced DC/DC Converters” ,Second Edition, CRC press,2018
2 Yushan Liu , Haitham Abu- Rub , Baoming Ge , Dr. Frede Blaabjerg , Omar Ellabban , Poh
Chiang Loh, “Impedance source power electronic converters”, Wiley IEEE Press, 2016
3 DeshangSha, GuoXu, “High-Frequency Isolated Bidirectional Dual Active Bridge DC–DC
Converters with Wide Voltage Gain”, Springer 2019
Reference Books
1 Fang Lin Luo, Hong Ye, “Essential DC/DC Converters”, First Edition, CRC,2005
2 Fang Lin Luo, Hong Ye, “Power Electronics Advanced Conversion Technologies”, Second Edition, 2018 CRC press
Web References
1 [Link] Electronics/PDF
2 [Link]
3 [Link]
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Course Hours/Week
Course Name Category C
Code L T P
24PP309 Control of Power Electronic Circuits PE 3 0 0 3
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C309.1 Design controller for front end power factor corrector circuits. [AN]
C309.2 Design controllers for UPS application. [AN]
C309.3 Design controllers for AC-DC converters. [AN]
C309.4 Design sliding mode control for power converters. [AN]
C309.5 Design flatness based control for power converters. [AN]
Course Contents
Unit – I CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR BASIC DC-DC CONVERTERS- PART I 9
Introduction, Review of Linear Control Theory, Linearization of Various Transfer Function Blocks, Feedback Controller Design
in Voltage-Mode Control, Peak-Current Mode Control, Feedback Controller Design in DCM
Unit – II CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR BASIC DC-DC CONVERTERS- PART II 9
Introduction, Linear Feedback Control- Pole Placement by Full State Feedback, Pole Placement Based on Observer Design,
Reduced Order Observers, Generalized Proportional Integral Controllers, Hamiltonian Systems Viewpoint - Application to
power converters
Unit – III CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR BASIC AC-DC CONVERTER CIRCUITS 9
Introduction, Operating Principle of Single-Phase PFCs, Control of PFCs, Designing the Inner Average-Current-Control Loop,
Designing the Outer Voltage-Control Loop, Example of Single-Phase PFC Systems
Unit – IV SLIDING MODE CONTROL 9
Introduction, Variable Structure Systems, Control of Single Switch Regulated Systems, Sliding Surfaces, Equivalent Control and
the Ideal Sliding Dynamics, Accessibility of the Sliding Surface, Invariance Conditions for Matched Perturbations- Application to
power converters
Unit – V FLATNESS BASED CONTROL 9
Flatness, the use of the differential flatness property, Controller development using flatness Application to power converters
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Hebertt Sira-Ramírez and Ramón Silva-Ortigoza,”Control Design Techniques in Power Electronics Devices “
Springer-Verlag London Limited 2006
2 Ned Mohan,”Power Electronics: A First Course”, Johnwiley, 2011
3 Marian K. Kazimierczuk and Agasthya Ayachit,”Laboratory Manual for Pulse-Width Modulated DC– DC Power
Converters”, Wiley 2016
Reference Books
1 FarzinAsadi and Kei Eguchi, Morgan &Claypool,”Dynamics and Control of DC-DC Converters”, 2018
2 Azar, Ahmad Taher, Zhu, Quannmin,” Advances and Applications in sliding mode control systems” Springer, 2015
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P

24PP310 Energy Storage Technologies PE 3 0 0 3

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C310.1 Understand the physics of energy storage [U]
C310.2 Model the different energy technologies. [AN]
C310.3 Recognize the applications of various techniques. [AN]
C310.4 Design and analyze the energy storage technologies. [AN]
C310.5 Select and apply the appropriate technique based on the application. [AP]
Course Contents
Unit – I INTRODUCTION 9
Necessity of energy storage – types of energy storage –energy storage technologies – Applications.
Unit – II THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEM 9
Thermal storage – Types – Modeling of thermal storage units – Simple water and rock bed storage
system – Pressurized water storage system – Modelling of phase change storage system – Simple units, Packed bed storage
units - Modelling using porous medium approach,
Unit – III ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE 9
Fundamental concept of batteries – Measuring of battery performance, charging and dis charging of a battery, storage density,
energy density, and safety issues - Types of batteries: – Lead Acid, Nickel-Cadmium, Zinc-Manganese dioxide - Mathematical
Modelling for Lead Acid Batteries – Flow Batteries.
Unit – IV FUEL CELL 9
Fuel Cell – History of Fuel cell, Principles of Electrochemical storage – Types: Hydrogen oxygen cells, Hydrogen air cell,
Hydrocarbon air cell, Alkaline fuel cell -Detailed analysis – Advantages and disadvantages –Fuel Cell Thermodynamics.
Unit – V ALTERNATE ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES 9
Flywheel, Super capacitors, Principles& Methods – Applications, Compressed air Energy storage, Concept of Hybrid Storage –
Applications, Pumped Hydro Storage – Applications.
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 James Larminie and Andrew Dicks, ‘Fuel cell systems Explained’, Wiley publications, 2003
2 Luisa F. Cabeza (Editor), “Advances in Thermal Energy Storage Systems: Methods and
Applications”, Woodhead Publishers, 2020.
3 Ibrahim Dinçer and Marc A. Rosen, “Thermal Energy Storage Systems and Applications”,
Wiley Publishers, 2021.
Reference Books
1 Schmidt.F.W. and Willmott.A.J., “Thermal Storage and Regeneration”, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1981
2 Jiujun Zhang (Editor), Lei Zhang (Editor), Hansan Liu (Editor), Andy Sun (Editor), Ru-Shi Liu(Editor),
“Electrochemical technologies for energy storage and conversion”, Two Volume Set, Wiley publications, 2012
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
3 [Link] system
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P

24PP311 Power Quality PE 3 0 0 3

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C311.1 Comprehend the consequences of Power Quality issues. [U]
Conduct harmonic analysis of single phase and three phase systems supplying [AN]
C311.2
non-linear loads
C311.3 Design passive filter for load compensation. [AN]
C311.4 Design active filters for load compensation. [AN]
Understand the mitigation techniques using custom power devices such as distribution static [U]
C311.5
compensator (DSTATCOM), dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) & UPQC.
Course Contents
Unit – I INTRODUCTION 9
Introduction – Characterization of Electric Power Quality: Transients, short duration and long duration voltage variations,
Voltage imbalance, waveform distortion, Voltage fluctuations, Power frequency variation, Power acceptability curves – power
quality problems: poor load power factor, Non-linear and unbalanced loads, DC offset in loads, Notching in load voltage,
Disturbance in supply voltage – Power quality standards.
Unit – II ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PHASE AND THREE PHASE SYSTEM 9
Single phase linear and non-linear loads – single phase sinusoidal, non-sinusoidal source – supplying linear and nonlinear loads
– three phase balanced system – three phase unbalanced system – three phase unbalanced and distorted source supplying non-
linear loads – concept of power factor – three phase- three wire – three phase - four wire system.
Unit – III CONVENTIONAL LOAD COMPENSATION METHODS 9
Principle of load compensation and voltage regulation – classical load balancing problem: open loop balancing – closed loop
balancing, current balancing – harmonic reduction and voltage sag reduction– analysis of unbalance – instantaneous of real and
reactive powers – Extraction of fundamental sequence component from measured.
Unit – IV LOAD COMPENSATION USING DSTATCOM 9
Compensating single – phase loads – Ideal three phase shunt compensator structure – generating reference currents using
instantaneous PQ theory – Instantaneous symmetrical components theory – Generating reference currents when the source is
unbalanced –Realization and control of DSTATCOM – DSTATCOM in Voltage control mode
Unit – V SERIES COMPENSATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 9
Rectifier supported DVR – DC Capacitor supported DVR – DVR Structure – Voltage Restoration –Series Active Filter – Unified
Power Quality Conditioner.
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Arindam Ghosh and Gerad Ledwich “Power Quality Enhancement Using Custom Power
Devices”,Kluwer Academic Publishers, First Edition,2002
2 [Link], “Electric Power Quality”, Stars in a Circle Publications, Second Edition, 1994
3 [Link] “Electric Power Systems Quality”, Tata MC Graw Hill Publishers, Third Edition,2012
Reference Books
1 Arrillga “Power System Harmonics”, John Wiely and Sons,2003
2 Derek [Link] “Power Electronic Converter Harmonics” IEEE Press, 1995
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
3 [Link]
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P

24PP312 DSP BASED SYSTEM DESIGN PE 3 0 0 3

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C312.1 Evaluate the DSP system using various methods. [AN]
C312.2 Design algorithm suitable for different DSP applications [AN]
C312.3 Explain various architectures of DSP system. [AN]
C312.4 Implement DSP system in programmable hardware. [AN]
C312.5 Build interfacing of DSP system with various peripherals. [U]
Course Contents
Unit – I REPRESENTATION OF DSP SYSTEM 9
Single Core and Multicore, Architectural requirement of DSPs - high throughput, low cost, low power, small code size,
embedded applications. Representation of digital signal processing systems - block diagrams, signal flow graphs, data-flow
graphs, dependence graphs. Techniques for enhancing computational throughput - parallelism and pipelining.
Unit – II DSP ALGORITHMS 9
DSP algorithms - Convolution, Correlation, FIR/IIR filters, FFT, adaptive filters, sampling rate converters, DCT, Decimator,
Expander and Filter Banks. DSP applications. Computational characteristics of DSP algorithms and applications, Numerical
representation of signals-word length effect and its impact, Carry free adders, Multiplier.
Unit – III SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 9
Introduction, Basic Architectural Features, DSP Computational Building Blocks, Bus Architecture and Memory, Data Addressing
Capabilities, Address Generation Unit, Programmability and Program Execution, Features for External Interfacing. VLIW
architecture. Basic performance issue in pipelining, Simple implementation of MIPS, Instruction Level Parallelism, Dynamic
Scheduling, Dynamic Hardware Prediction, Memory hierarchy. Study of Fixed point and floating point DSP architectures
Unit – IV ARCHITECTURE ANALYSIS ON PROGRAMMABLE HARDWARE 9
Analysis of basic DSP Architectures on programmable hardwares Algorithms for FIR , IIR, Lattice filter structures, architectures
for real and complex fast Fourier transforms, 1D/2D Convolutions, Winograd minimal filtering algorithm. FPGA: Architecture,
different sub-systems, design flow for DSP system design, mapping of DSP algorithms onto FPGA.
Unit – V SYSTEM INTERFACING 9
Examples of digital signal processing algorithms suitable for parallel architectures such as GPUs and multi GPUs. Interfacing:
Introduction, Synchronous Serial Interface CODE, A CODEC Interface Circuit, ADC interface.
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Sen M Kuo, Woon Seng S Gan, Digital Signal Processors
2 Digital Signal Processing and Application with C6713 and C6416 DSK, Rulph Chassaing,
Worcester Polytechnic Institute, A Wiley Interscience Publication
3 Architectures for Digital Signal Processing, Peter Pirsch John Weily, 2007
Reference Books
1 K. K. Parhi - VLSI Digital Signal Processing Systems - Wiley – 1999.
2 RulphChassaing, Digital signal processing and applications with C6713 and C6416 DSK,
Wiley, 2005
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
3 [Link]
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Course Hours/Week
Course Name Category C
Code L T P
24PP313 FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS PE 3 0 3 3
Course Outcomes (s)
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C313.1 Understand and analyze the concept of FACTS. [U]
C313.2 To understand the various types of compensation schemes. [U]
C313.3 Implement various FACTS controllers. [AP]
C313.4 Applying the knowledge gained to simulate various FACTS controllers. [AP]
C313.5 Understand about the phenomena of sub synchronous resonance [U]
Course Contents
Unit – I INTRODUCTION 9
Introduction, Electrical Transmission Network, Power Flow in AC system & Relative importance of controllable parameter,
Opportunities for FACTS, Possible benefits for FACTS Technology & Types of FACTS Controllers
Unit – II STATIC VAR COMPENSATION 9
Need for compensation – introduction to shunt & series compensation, Objectives of shunt & series compensation,
Configuration & Operating characteristics – Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR),Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC),
Comparison of TCR & TSC.
Unit – III SERIES COMPENSATION 9
Variable Impedance Type Series Compensation, Thyristor Switched Series Capacitor (TSSC) & Thyristor Controlled Series
Capacitor (TCSC), Basic operating control schemes for TSSC & TCSC
Unit – IV STATIC VOLTAGE PHASE ANGLE REGULATOR 9
Objectives of voltage and phase angle regulators, TCVR Model and characteristics, Approaches to Thyristor – Controlled Voltage
and Phase Angle Regulator, TCPAR Model
Unit – V SECOND GENERATION FACTS CONTROLLERS 9
STATCOM – Introduction, Circuit model, Principle of operation, Introduction to Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) , Basic
operating principles and control structure of UPFC, Introduction to sub synchronous resonance , SSR mitigation by FACTs
controllers & NGH – SSR damping scheme, Simulation and study of FACTS under dynamic conditions
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Zhang, Xiao-Ping, Rehtanz, Christian, Pal, Bikash “Flexible AC Transmission Systems: Modelling and Control”
Springer 2012
2 K.R. Padiyar, “FACTS Controllers for Power Transmission and Distribution” New Age International Publishers,
2016
3 Rajiv K. Varma R. Mohan Mathur “Thyristor-Based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems” Wiley
2011
Reference Books
1 Narain [Link], Laszio Gyugyi, “Understanding FACTS concept and Technology”,Standard Publisher, Delhi,
2015.
2 Gyugyi L., “Unified power flow control concept for flexible AC transmission “, IEEE Proc-C, Vol.139, No.4, July 2013.
Web References
1 [Link]
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Course Hours/Week
Course Name Category C
Code L T P
24PP314 Internet of Everything PE 3 0 0 3
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
CO1 Understanding the concepts of IOT from a global context U
CO2 Infer the architecture of IOT and future development U
CO3 Understand the role of network layers in Data Management using IOT U
CO4 Interpret the features of prototyping the embedded devices for IOT applications. AP
CO5 Design and develop an effective usage of IIOT deployment for different sectors AN
Course Contents
Unit – I Fundamentals of IOT 9
Fundamentals of IOT and IOT Protocols: Introduction – Characteristics - Physical design - Sensing & actuation- Protocols –
Logical design – Enabling technologies –Input and output devices for IoT – IoT Levels – Domain Specific IoTs – IoT vs M2M.
Future developments, Possible Architecture for the future IoT-
Unit – II IOT Protocols 9
Internet communication- IP addresses, MAC addresses- TCP and UDP ports- Application layer protocols- IEEE 802 committee
family of protocols- physical layer-Media access control layer
Unit – III Industry 4.0 9
Industry 4.0:Globalization and Emerging Issues, The Fourth Revolution, LEAN Production Systems, Smart and Connected
Business Perspective, Smart Factories, Cyber Physical Systems and Next Generation Sensors, Collaborative Platform and
Product Lifecycle Management, Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data and Advanced Analysis,
Cyber security in Industry 4.0
Unit – IV Industrial IOT 9
Industrial IOT: Industrial Processes, Industrial Sensing & Actuation, Industrial Internet Systems, Business Model and Reference
Architecture: IIoT-Business Models, IIoT Reference Architecture Industrial IoT- Layers: IIoT Sensing, IIoT Processing, IIoT
Communication IIoT Networking, Cloud Computing in IIoT- Fog Computing in IIoT, Security in IIoT - Application Domains:
Factories and Assembly Line, Food Industry, Healthcare, Plant Safety and Security, Applications of UAVS in Industries
Unit – V Application Domains 9
Factories and Assembly Line, Food Industry, Healthcare, Plant Safety and Security, Applications of UAVS in Industries
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Adrian McEwen and Hackim Cassimally,” Designing the Internet of Things” , 1 stEdition ,John wiley and Sons
Ltd.,UK,2014.
2 “Industry 4.0: The Industrial Internet of Things”, by Alasdair Gilchrist ,Apress, 2016
3 Internet of Things: Cyber manufacturing Systems”by Sabina Jeschke, Christian Brecher, Houbing Song, Danda B.
Rawat ,Springer,2017
Reference Books
1 Francis daCosta, “Rethinking the Internet of Things: A Scalable Approach to Connecting Everything”, 1st Edition,
Apress Publications, 2013.
2 Manoel Carlos Ramon, “Intel® Galileo and Intel® Galileo Gen 2: API Features and Arduino Projects for Linux
Programmers”, 1st Edition, Apress, 2014
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
[Link]
 KCE R 24 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Hours/Week
Course Code Course Name Category C
L T P

24PP315 MEMS design: sensors and actuators PE 3 0 0 3

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to RBT
C315.1 Understand, model and simulate chaotic behavior in power electronic systems. [AN]
C315.2 Investigate the various techniques of non-linear phenomena [AN]
C315.3 Analyze the nonlinear phenomena in DC-DC converter [AN]
C315.4 Analyze the non-linear phenomena in Drives [AN]
C315.5 Mitigate chaotic behavior noticed in power system. [AN]
Course Content
Unit – I MICRO-FABRICATION, MATERIALS AND ELECTRO-MECHANICAL CONCEPTS 9
Overview of micro fabrication – Silicon and other material based fabrication processes – Concepts: Conductivity of
semiconductors-Crystal planes and orientation-stress and strain flexural beam bending analysis- torsional deflections-Intrinsic
stress- resonant frequency and quality factor.
Unit – II ELECTROSTATIC SENSORS AND ACTUATION 9
Principle, material, design and fabrication of parallel plate capacitors as electrostatic sensors and actuators-Applications
Unit – III THERMAL SENSING AND ACTUATION 9
Principle, material, design and fabrication of thermal couples, thermal bimorph sensors, thermal resistor sensors-Applications.
Unit – IV PIEZOELECTRIC SENSING AND ACTUATION 9
Piezoelectric effect-cantilever piezo electric actuator model-properties of piezoelectric materials Applications.
Unit – V CASE STUDIES 9
Piezo resistive sensors, Magnetic actuation, Micro fluidics applications, Medical applications, Optical MEMS.-NEMS Devices
TOTAL: 45 Hours
Learning Resources
Textbooks
1 Chang Liu, “Foundations of MEMS”, Pearson International Edition, 2011, 2nd Edition
2 [Link] Hsu, “MEMS and Microsystems: design , manufacture, and Nanoscale”- 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2008.
3 Lyshevski, S.E. “ Nano- and Micro-Electromechanical Systems: Fundamentals of Nano-and Microengineering “ (2nd
ed.). CRC Press,2005.
Reference Books
1 . Marc F madou“ Fundamentals of micro fabrication” CRC Press 2002 2nd Edition Marc Madou.
2 [Link] “Micromechanical transducers :Pressure sensors, accelerometers and gyroscopes”,Elsevier, Newyork, 16
Oct 2000, 1st Edition.
Web References
1 [Link]
2 [Link] ANUFACTURE
3 [Link]