CITY OF LINCOLN, NEBRASKA, STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS

CHAPTER 4

PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT

ARTICLE TITLE

4.00 GENERAL 402

4.01 MATERIALS 402

A. CONCRETE 402
B. REINFORCEMENT 402
C. REINFORCING BAR SUPPORTS 403
D. METAL DOWEL OR EXPANSION BAR SLEEVE 403

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
E. PREFORMED EXPANSION JOINT MATERIAL 403
F. JOINT AND CRACK SEALER 403
G. CURING COMPOUNDS 404
H. METAL KEYWAY 404

4.02 PREPARATION OF SUBGRADE 404

4.03 FORMS 404

A. GENERAL 404
B. RIGID FORMS 404
C. SLIP FORMS 405

4.04 PLACING REINFORCING STEEL / TIE BARS 405

4.05 CONCRETE PLACEMENT 406

A. VIBRATING 406
B. FINISHING 406
C. SURFACE TESTS 408

4.06 JOINTS 408

A. TRANSVERSE CONSTRUCTION JOINTS 408
B. EXPANSION JOINTS 409
C. CONTRACTION JOINTS OR PLANES OF WEAKNESS 409

4.07 CURING AND PROTECTION 410

A. CURING 410
B. PROTECTION 411

4.08 INTEGRAL CURB 411

4.09 PAVEMENT BASIS OF PAYMENT 412

A. GENERAL 412
B. PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT 412
C. PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
with INTEGRAL CURB 412
D. DOWELED PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (DPCC) PAVEMENT 413
E. DOWELED PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (DPCC) PAVEMENT
with INTEGRAL CURB 413
F. REINFORCED PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (RPCC) PAVEMENT 413

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 400

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
 CITY OF LINCOLN, NEBRASKA, STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS

CHAPTER 4

PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT

ARTICLE TITLE

4.09 G. CONCRETE SIDEWALK; CONCRETE DRIVEWAY;

CONCRETE BIKEWAY 413
H. COMBINED CURB AND GUTTER, CONCRETE BARRIER CURB, or
CONCRETE MEDIAN CURB 413
I. CONCRETE HEADER 414
J. CONCRETE MEDIAN NOSE 414
K. CONCRETE MEDIAN SURFACING, 4" THICK 414
L. TACK-ON MEDIAN 414

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
4.10 ALLEY PAVEMENT AND ALLEY RETURNS 414
A. GENERAL 414
B. BASIS OF PAYMENT 415

4.11 CURB RAMPS 415

A. GENERAL 415
B. BASIS OF PAYMENT 415

4.12 PAVEMENT REPAIR 416

A. GENERAL 416
B. MATERIALS 417
C. EQUIPMENT 419
D. CONSTRUCTION METHODS 420
E. BASIS OF PAYMENT 426

4.13 SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION 428

4.14 PAY FACTORS 429

A. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 429
B. PAVEMENT THICKNESS 430

TABLE TITLE

4.12A PCC PAVEMENT REPAIR GROUPS 416

4.12B FLEXIBLE POLYMER MODIFIED CONCRETE 417

4.12C BULKING AGGREGATE 418

4.12D SURFACE AGGREGATE 418

4.12E CLASS PR (With Calcium Chloride) 424

4.14A CONCRETE STRENGTH PAY FACTORS 429

4.14B PAVEMENT THICKNESS PAY FACTORS 430

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 401

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
 CHAPTER 4

PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT

4.00 GENERAL

Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavement shall refer to, but not be limited to, streets, alleys,
sidewalks, driveways, bikeways, concrete curbs and medians. All pavements to be constructed or
reconstructed under each contract shall be placed at the locations shown on the plans, on an
approved subgrade, in conformance with these Standard Specifications, Lincoln Standard Plans,
and in conformity with the lines, grades, typical cross section, and details shown on the plans and/or
as directed by the City’s Project Manager, and shall be subject to the payment factors in 4.14 with
the exception of Pavement Repairs covered in 4.12

Pavement construction and reconstruction shall include all necessary removal of existing headers,
pavement, sidewalks and drives; clearing, grubbing and stripping, excavation within the limits of

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
the Work, removal of obstructions, removal and disposal of unsuitable material and debris, borrow
excavation, construction of fills and embankments, haul, preparation and compaction of the
subgrade; the construction of curbs, base, pavement, driveways, sidewalks; trimming, shaping and
finishing of the parking space; excavation of ditches, grading and construction of approaches on
intersecting or entering streets, alleys, driveways, and any other items of Work necessary to
conform to these Standard Specifications and the lines, grades and cross sections shown on the
plans, all as directed by the City’s Project Manager.

4.01 MATERIALS

Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavement shall be constructed of the materials as herein
specified. All materials used in pavement construction and reconstruction shall be on the latest
edition of the Nebraska Department of Transportation “Approved Products List” or “Nebraska
Qualified Material Vendors List” unless otherwise approved by the City Engineer.

A. CONCRETE

Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) Pavement shall be class L-3500 concrete, as defined in
Chapter 3, of the thickness, and with or without reinforcement, as shown on the plans unless
otherwise specified. In the case of curbs, LC3500 is also an acceptable alternative.

B. REINFORCEMENT

All reinforcement bars shall conform to the requirements of “Standard Specifications for
Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement” ASTM A 615, Grade 40
(300) or grade 60 (420). Bars shall be free from rust, scale, or other substances which prevent
the bonding of the concrete to the reinforcement, excluding greasing of dowel bars as required
in the plans and or in the contract. Smooth dowel bars shall be epoxy coated and conform to
the requirements of “Structural Steel”, ASTM A36. All dowel and tie bar reinforcement in PCC
pavement shall be epoxy coated and conform to the requirements of ASTM A775/A775M –
17.

The epoxy coating shall be free from holes, voids, contamination, cracks, or other damaged
areas. A suitable patching material compatible with the coating and inert in concrete shall be
made available to the Contractor by the manufacturer of the epoxy resin for repair of damaged
coating areas at the applicator’s plant or in the field. The patching or repair shall be performed
in conformance with the recommendations of the material manufacturer.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 402

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.01 MATERIALS (Continued)

B. REINFORCEMENT (Continued)

Patching materials supplied or recommended by the manufacturer of the powdered resin shall
be used to repair the coating and shall be applied to provide a minimum film thickness of 5
mils (125 μm) over the bare area. Areas to be patched shall be clean and free of surface
contaminants. They shall be properly treated in conformance with the resin manufacturer’s
recommendations before detrimental oxidation occurs.

Care should be taken during the patching procedure to assure that the coating thickness on the
area adjacent to the patched area does not exceed 15 mils (375 μm). Extensive areas of damaged
coating, exceeding that which is unavoidable in careful handling and shipping, may be cause
for rejection of the damaged bars.

In no case, however, shall the total bar surface area covered by patching material exceed 5%.

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
(The 5% total bar surface area is the combined area for repairs done in the fabricator’s shop
and those done in the field.)

Proper repairs shall be the Contractor’s responsibility even when the work is done by an
applicator, fabricator, or other subcontractors.

C. REINFORCING BAR SUPPORTS

Reinforcing bar supports for use in concrete pavement shall be of a design and material
satisfactory to the City’s Project Manager and of sufficient strength to hold the metal
reinforcement in place while the concrete is being placed.

D. METAL DOWEL OR EXPANSION BAR SLEEVE

Metal or plastic sleeves for dowel or expansion bars shall be satisfactory to the City’s Project
Manager and shall be of sufficient size and strength to permit the free sliding of the dowel bar
after the concrete is in place.

E. PREFORMED EXPANSION JOINT MATERIAL

For Streets, expansion joint material shall conform to “Standard Specifications for Preformed
Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction” (non-extruding and
resilient bituminous types) ASTM Designation D 1751. The joint material shall be 1" thick
unless otherwise specified.

For all other applications, expansion joint material shall conform to “Standard Specifications
for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction”
(non-extruding and resilient bituminous types) ASTM Designation D 1751 or “Standard
Specification for Semi-Rigid, Closed-Cell Polypropylene Foam, Preformed Expansion Joint
Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction” ASTM Designation D 1839. The joint
material thickness shall be per Lincoln Standard Plans unless otherwise specified.

F. JOINT AND CRACK SEALER

Joint sealer shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D 6690 Type II, “Standard
Specification for Joint Sealant, Hot-Applied Elastomeric-Type, for Portland Cement Concrete
Pavement”, and shall meet or exceed the testing requirements of ASTM D 5329, “Standard
Test Method for Sealants and Fillers, Hot-Applied, for Joints and Cracks in Asphaltic and
Portland Cement Concrete Pavement”. The flow as specified in ASTM D 5329 shall not exceed
3/4".

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 403

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.01 MATERIALS (Continued)

G. CURING COMPOUNDS

All curing compounds shall be of the white pigmented liquid membrane-forming type and shall
conform to “Standard Specifications for Liquid Membrane -Forming Compounds for Curing
Concrete”, ASTM Designation C 309, Type 2, Class A. Only curing compounds included on
the latest edition of the NDOT Approved Products list or “Nebraska Qualified Material
Vendors List” shall be used unless otherwise approved by the City Engineer.

All curing compounds shall be ready for use as is without further dilution. The rate of
application shall be as recommended by the manufacturer, or as stated in these specifications.

H. METAL KEYWAY

Metal keyway, where shown, shall conform to the gauge and cross section shown in the Lincoln

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
Transportation and Utilities Standard Plans.

4.02 PREPARATION OF SUBGRADE

No measurement or direct payment shall be made for preparation of subgrade. The cost of
preparation of subgrade shall be considered subsidiary to the other items of Work for which direct
payment is made.

The subgrade shall be prepared as specified in Chapter 2 of these Standard Specifications. To

prevent the absorption of moisture from the newly deposited concrete, the subgrade shall be kept
moist by light applications of water until the concrete has been placed.

4.03 FORMS

A. GENERAL

No direct payment shall be made for forms. The cost of form work shall be considered
subsidiary to other items of Work for which direct payment is made.

Upon complete removal of the forms, all honeycombed areas or small defects shall be properly
pointed up with an approved grout mix and the concrete previously protected by the forms shall
be cured as hereinafter specified or as directed by the City’s Project Manager.

B. RIGID FORMS

Forms shall be of an approved steel section with a minimum base width of 6" and shall have
adequate locking devices. The forms shall have a minimum length of 10' for street paving. The
forms shall be built straight and true and in conformance with established line and grade. On
curves having a radius of less than 150', approved forms may be used. The depth of forms shall
equal at least the depth of the concrete to be placed. No built-up forms will be permitted
without prior approval of the City’s Project Manager.

All forms shall be free from bends and warps at all times. They shall be cleaned thoroughly
each time they are used and adequately oiled before concrete is placed against them. The forms
shall be set so that they rest firmly throughout their entire length on the thoroughly compacted
subgrade. They shall be neatly and tightly joined. They shall be accurately set to line and
grade and sufficiently braced to resist the pressure of the concrete. Forms shall be set at least
150' ahead of the paving operation.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 404

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.03 FORMS (Continued)

B. RIGID FORMS (Continued)

The forms shall not be removed until new concrete is at least 12 hours old unless approved by
the City’s Project Manager. During the operation of form removal, the edges of the concrete
shall be cured as hereinafter specified.

When concrete pavement is being laid contiguous to previously finished pavement of the same
finished grade elevation or contiguous to previously finished independent curb or curb and
gutter, such finished pavement or curb may be made to serve as side forms.

Upon removal of the forms, all honeycombed areas or small defects shall be pointed up
properly with an approved mix grout.

For Sidewalks, Driveways, and Bikeways only, the Contractor shall erect substantial forms of

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
a material approved by the City’s Project Manager. Unless otherwise shown on the plans,
sidewalks and bikeways shall be constructed so that, when finished, they shall have a uniform
transverse slope toward the curb of 2%.

C. SLIP FORMS

Slip form equipment shall be provided with traveling side forms and screed of suitable
dimensions, shapes, and strength to support the concrete for a sufficient length of time during
placement to produce the required cross section. The equipment shall spread, consolidate and
screed the freshly placed concrete in such a manner as to provide a dense and homogeneous
product.

The slip form equipment shall have automatic sensor controls for both line and grade which
operate from an offset control line.

All curbs shall be constructed using slip form paving equipment, except when specifically
authorized by the City’s Project Manager. At the option of the Contractor and with the approval
of the City’s Project Manager, slip form equipment may be used for construction of concrete
sidewalks or bikeways.

4.04 PLACING REINFORCING STEEL / TIE BARS

No measurement or direct payment will be made for reinforcing steel or Tie bars. The cost of
furnishing and placing reinforcing steel or Tie Bars shall be considered subsidiary to other items of
Work for which direct payment is made.

All reinforcing steel shall be kept clean and free from foreign material that will prevent the proper
bond with the concrete. Reinforcement steel / tie bars shall be placed as shown on the plans or
Lincoln Transportation and Utilities Standard Plans. Reinforcement steel / tie bars shall be placed
between the concrete driveway and the pavement when a commercial drive is being constructed in
conjunction with new paving. The length and location of the reinforcement steel / tie bars shall be
as shown on the drawings. The Reinforcement steel / tie bars shall project equally into the driveway
and pavement section. The reinforcement shall be placed so that the outside longitudinal members
will be located no more than 3" from the edge of the slab section and the ends of all longitudinal
members shall extend to within 2" of the ends of the slab sections. All steel reinforcing bars shall
be tied securely in place at all points where the bars cross.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 405

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.05 CONCRETE PLACEMENT

No measurement or direct payment will be made for placing and finishing the concrete. Placing
and finishing the concrete shall be considered subsidiary to other items for which direct payment
is made.

The concrete shall be deposited uniformly on the prepared subgrades and distributed to the required
depth for the entire width by shoveling or other approved methods. The concrete then shall be
consolidated thoroughly, using an approved vibrating screed or in a manner approved by the City’s
Project Manager. The concrete shall be so placed that no segregation of the materials occurs. It
shall be struck off and finished, as hereinafter provided. Rakes shall not be used in handling
concrete.

A. VIBRATING

No direct measurement or payment shall be made for vibrating or consolidation of the concrete.

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
The cost of vibrating shall be considered subsidiary to other items of Work for which direct
payment is made.

The concrete shall be well consolidated against the forms. All concrete, whether placed by
machine or by hand methods, shall be thoroughly consolidated by means of mechanical
vibrators approved by the City’s Project Manager. The vibrator shall consolidate the full depth
and width of the concrete to a uniform mass without segregation and free from excessive
surface mortar at a single passage of the machine. Machine mounted vibrators shall be operated
only when the machine to which they are attached is moving. The vibrators shall be placed so
as to allow a minimum of overlap vibration. The vibration frequency shall be greater than
4,000 impulses per minute. The Contractor shall have a tachometer available to check the
speed of the vibrators.

B. FINISHING

1. General Finishing

Finishing the concrete pavement shall not be measured and paid for directly. The cost of
the finishing will be considered subsidiary to the cost of other Work for which direct
payment is made.

Whether the consolidation and finishing of the concrete is accomplished by either machine
or hand methods, the following requirements shall apply and all equipment used shall meet
the approval of the City’s Project Manager. Unless otherwise provided in the Special
Provisions or approved by the City’s Project Manager, hand finishing as described herein
may be employed only in cases of emergency and where mechanical methods are
impractical. The consolidation and finishing of concrete sidewalk, bikeway or driveway
may be accomplished by either machine or hand methods.

In general, the addition of superficial water to the surface of the concrete to assist in
finishing operations will not be permitted. The proper use of an approved evaporation
reducer is required instead. However, due to unavoidable delay in finishing or an unusual
drying condition, a slight quantity of water may be added to the surface of the concrete as
an aid in finishing. If it becomes necessary to sprinkle the surface with water to complete
the finishing of the concrete, all mixing operations shall be immediately discontinued until
the finishers catch up to a point where extra water for finishing is no longer required. If
the application of water to the surface is permitted, it shall be applied in a fog spray by
means of an approved orchard type sprayer. Spray equipment which is attached to the
mechanical finisher, or any other paving equipment, will not be permitted.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 406

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.05 CONCRETE PLACEMENT (Continued)

B. FINISHING (Continued)

1. General Finishing (Continued)

The addition of superficial water to the surface of the concrete shall be at the Contractor’s
risk. The pavement shall be given a finish by means of a wet burlap drag. The drag shall
be pulled in a longitudinal direction only. The drag shall be adequately maintained so that
the resultant finish shall be uniform in appearance. On sidewalks and driveways, the final
finish shall be obtained with the use of a broom. Brooming shall be transverse to the
direction of pedestrian traffic.

Prior to the time the concrete takes its initial set, all expansion and construction joints and
exposed edges shall be carefully finished with an edger having a radius of not less than
1/4". The edge shall be left smooth and true to line and grade. The Contractor shall provide

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
a suitable work bridge spanning the concrete placement to facilitate the edging.

2. Machine Finishing

The concrete shall be deposited in such a manner that adequate concrete remains ahead of
the screed and the finish machine to provide the cross section required. The concrete will
then be further consolidated and finished mechanically with a power driven, self-propelled
machine approved by the City’s Project Manager. The finish machine shall be operated
over the entire width of the pavement section and shall achieve uniform consolidation. The
tops of the forms and the contact surfaces of the wheels of the finishing machine shall be
kept free from concrete and earth.

The finishing machine shall be kept in good repair at all times and shall operate so as to
give the desired finish over the entire surface of the pavement. The forward speed of the
finishing machine shall be adjusted to the average progress of the concrete production, in
order that the strike off operation shall be as continuous and uninterrupted as possible.

After the final pass of the finishing machine, the surface shall be checked and corrected by
using approved 10' long straight edges and refinished using long handled floats. The use
of the long-handled floats shall be held to a minimum. The straight edge shall be lapped
½ its length on each successive position.

The Contractor shall furnish and keep in a convenient place a master straight edge, made
of 6" steel channel, for the purpose of checking all straight edges and the longitudinal float
during the progress of the Work. A sufficient number of straight edges shall be kept in
readiness so as not to delay the paving operations.

Hand tools that perform the function of the finishing machine shall be immediately
available for use in the event of an emergency.

3. Hand Finishing

After the concrete has been placed and spread, it shall be thoroughly consolidated by the
use of approved vibrating screeds and struck off to a uniform height above the finished
grade to the true cross section. When a non-vibrating hand screed is used or the pavement
design thickness is greater than 6", the concrete shall be consolidated with an approved
mechanical vibrator before the concrete is struck off.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 407

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.05 CONCRETE PLACEMENT (Continued)

B. FINISHING (Continued)

3. Hand Finishing (Continued)

The screed used shall be of a design and construction suitable and adequate for the purposes
required. It shall be designed to ride on the side forms of the pavement. The screed shall
be of metal or steel shod wood and shall have sufficient strength and stiffness to retain its
shape under all working conditions. The working or screeding edge shall be shaped to
match the required cross section of the pavement. The screed shall be operated so that

when riding on the side forms, the working edge will have an excess of concrete above
grade to produce the required cross section after consolidation.

After the concrete has been consolidated and struck off, the surface shall be finished as

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
specified above under machine finishing.

C. SURFACE TESTS

After the pavement has been set sufficiently to permit foot traffic, the slab will be thoroughly
checked by the City’s Project Manager. All variations in excess of 1/8", measured from the
surface of the concrete in place with a 10' straight edge or other device used for measuring
deviations from a plane, shall be plainly marked. The Contractor shall eliminate such
variations. When the surface finish of the pavement has been disturbed by grinding, the surface
shall be repaired with the use of an approved sealant. The use of mechanical grinders will be
permitted if their use does not, in the opinion of the City’s Project Manager, damage the
pavement. Sections of pavement containing depressions which cannot be corrected by grinding
shall be repaired or replaced by the Contractor to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

4.06 JOINTS

No direct measurement or payment will be made for joints or joint sealant. The cost of jointing
and joint sealing shall be considered subsidiary to other items of Work for which direct payment is
made.

A. TRANSVERSE CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

At the end of the day, or in case of an unavoidable interruption of more than 30 minutes, a
transverse construction joint shall be placed at the point of the Work stoppage. The joints shall
conform to the requirements for construction joints as shown on the plans and as specified
herein.

Whenever concrete pavement construction is stopped for a period of over 30 minutes, a

transverse construction joint shall be formed by finishing the concrete to a bulkhead made of
at least 2" material cut to the exact cross section of the pavement slab, as shown on the plans.
The bulkhead shall be placed on the subgrade perpendicular to the pavement surface and at
right angles to the center line of the street. An edging tool shall be used along the bulkhead to
make the construction joint a well-defined line. Construction joints shall not be spaced closer
than 10'. When the placing of concrete is resumed, the bulkhead shall be removed and care
shall be taken not to disturb any steel or concrete placed. The new concrete shall be placed
directly against the face of the concrete previously placed. The joint shall be formed and
finished so the surfaces of the previously placed concrete and new concrete correspond exactly
to the cross section and grade shown on the plans.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 408

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.06 JOINTS (Continued)

B. EXPANSION JOINTS

1. Transverse
When transverse expansion joints are indicated on the plans, they shall be constructed at
the location and in conformance with details shown in the plans or Lincoln Transportation
and Utilities Standard Plans. The joint material shall extend entirely through the pavement
and shall be placed so the top edge will be 3/8" below the surface of the finished pavement
and curb.

During the placing and the finishing of the concrete pavement, the expansion joint material
shall be held securely by means of a special holder approved by the City’s Project Manager.
Extreme care shall be exercised in placing concrete around the joint so the joint will remain
in the true position specified herein.

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
After the edges have been rounded, the surface of the pavement across the joint shall be
tested with a 10' straight edge placed parallel to the center line of the pavement and drawn
from the center of the pavement to the edge. Any high spots or depressions shall be
eliminated and the edges rounded as hereinbefore specified. Any surplus concrete at the
ends of the joints shall be cut away when the forms are removed.

2. Other

Expansion material shall be formed around all objects that project through the pavement
unless otherwise directed. When the pavement is placed against buildings, sidewalks and
other unyielding objects, 1" expansion joint material shall be placed between the object
and the new concrete.

C. CONTRACTION JOINTS OR PLANES OF WEAKNESS

Contraction joints or planes of weakness called for on the plans shall be constructed at the
locations indicated and in conformance with details shown on the plans or as directed by the
City’s Project Manager. Maximum joint spacing shall be 15' unless otherwise directed by the
City’s Project Manager.

All joints shall be made with a motor driven concrete saw to a minimum depth of 1/3 the
pavement thickness. The sawing shall be accomplished not later than 48 hours after concrete
placement nor so soon as to cause spalling of top aggregates. When “extra strength” concrete
is used, the joints shall be sawed within 24 hours after concrete placement. Transverse
contraction joints generally shall be sawed within 18 hours after concrete placement. In any
event, the concrete shall be sawed before random cracks develop. The sawing of any joint shall
be discontinued if a crack occurs at or near the joint location prior to the time of sawing. Sawing
shall be discontinued when a crack develops ahead of the saw.

Any cracks that have developed in the pavement shall be routed to a depth of 1" by 3/8" in
width and sealed. The joint between the curb and gutter section and concrete pavement shall
be sawed to a depth of 1" and sealed.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 409

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.06 JOINTS (Continued)

D. JOINT AND CRACK SEALING

Unless otherwise approved by the City’s Project Manager, joints/cracks shall be sealed before
the pavement is opened to traffic or to use by construction equipment, and as soon after
completion of the sawing as is feasible. Just prior to sealing, each joint/crack shall be
thoroughly cleaned of all foreign material, using approved equipment, and the joint/crack faces
shall be clean and surface dry when the seal is applied.

The joint/crack shall be cleaned by high pressure compressed air or other approved methods to
remove all residues. The joint/crack shall be filled from the bottom to the top without formation
of voids. The top of the finished joint/crack seal shall be between 1/4" and 3/8" below the
finished surface, unless shown otherwise on the plans. At the time of application of the
joint/crack sealant, the joint/crack and pavement shall be dry and acceptable to the City’s
Project Manager. No sealant shall be placed during unsuitable weather or when the

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
atmospheric temperature is below 50° F or when weather conditions indicate that the
temperature may fall below 32° F within 24 hours.

The joint/crack sealing filler shall be melted uniformly and with constant stirring in an asphalt
kettle of the double boiler design with oil being used as the heating medium. The material shall
be furnished or prepared in pieces of such size and shape that the material can be melted readily
to the proper pouring consistency. The Contractor shall obtain from the supplier or from the
manufacturer and furnish to the City’s Project Manager the manufacturer’s recommendations
for mixing, application and temperature restrictions. These recommendations shall be followed
strictly. In no case shall the temperature exceed the maximum recommended by the
manufacturer. When proper pouring consistency is attained, the joints/cracks shall be filled as
shown in the plans, through the use of pressure type applicator, of a design approved by the
City’s Project Manager and equipped with a nozzle which will fit into the joints/cracks.

All adjoining surfaces shall be carefully protected during the joint/crack sealing operations,
and any stains, marks or damage thereto, as a result of the Contractor’s operations, shall be
corrected in a manner satisfactory to the City’s Project Manager.

4.07 CURING AND PROTECTION

A. CURING

No direct measurement or payment shall be made for curing and protection. The cost of curing
and protection shall be considered subsidiary to other items of Work for which direct payment
is made.

1. Curing With Liquid Membrane Curing Compound

Within 30 minutes after the concrete has been finished, the concrete surface and exposed
vertical edges shall be sealed with a uniform application, no less than 1 gallon per 150
square feet, of a membrane curing compound as described previously in this chapter. This
time may be adjusted by the City’s Project Manager if, in his/her opinion, conditions
warrant. Concrete which exceeds the allowed time between finishing and curing operations
will be subject to removal and replacement.

An approved self-propelled mechanical power sprayer shall be used to apply the curing
compound to the concrete pavement except that approved manual spraying equipment may
be employed on narrow or variable width sections where the use of a self-propelled
mechanical power sprayer is impractical, and on irregular sections of street returns and
alley returns.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 410

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.07 CURING AND PROTECTION (Continued)

A. CURING (Continued)

2. Curing With Wet Burlap

Within 30 minutes after the concrete has been finished, damp burlap shall be carefully
placed on the concrete and kept moist in a manner which will not damage the pavement
surface. This time may be adjusted by the City’s Project Manager if, in his/her opinion,
conditions warrant. Concrete which exceeds the allowed time between finishing and curing
operations will be subject to removal and replacement.

The burlap shall be clean, evenly woven, free of encrusted concrete or other contaminating
materials, and shall be reasonably free from cuts, tears, broken or missing yarns, and thin,
open or weak places. The burlap shall be of sufficient length to cover all exposed surfaces
including the vertical edges of the slab. At exposed vertical edges of the slab, earth shall

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
be banked so that the top width of the berm shall be at least 6".

The burlap shall be kept continuously saturated with water for at least 72 hours following
the placing of the concrete, except that the burlap may be temporarily removed so that
joints may be sawed and filled, the surface tested, and any grinding or rubbing necessary
may be accomplished. While the pavement is uncovered, it shall be kept wet by sprinkling
with water. Concreting operations shall be suspended when water is not available to cure
the concrete.

B. PROTECTION

The Contractor shall provide and maintain substantial barricades, warning signs, and
watchmen, when required, to protect the new pavement and Work site from vandalism and
property destruction.

Any concrete showing injury from vandalism shall be repaired or removed and replaced at the
Contractor’s expense, to the City’s Project Manager’s satisfaction. No heavy equipment or
vehicular traffic shall be allowed on the new construction until the concrete has achieved a
compressive strength of 3,000 psi. or 7 days have elapsed. A longer period of time may be
required if, in the opinion of the City’s Project Manager, the concrete is not of sufficient
strength to support the equipment or vehicles. If no compressive strength data is available, the
concrete shall remain closed to all public and/or construction vehicles and equipment for 14
days from date of placement. Any construction vehicles and/or equipment on said concrete
prior to meeting these requirements shall be penalized at the rate of $500 for each vehicle or
piece of equipment per day.

4.08 INTEGRAL CURB

No direct measurement or payment shall be made for integral curb. The cost of integral curb shall
be considered subsidiary to the items for which direct payment is made.

When required, integral curb shall be constructed on the edge of the concrete slab in conformance
with the plans and typical cross section. The concrete for the integral curb shall be of the same
mixture as used in the concrete slab.

The finish machine screed template should preferably leave enough concrete at the curb location
to eliminate further carry back and handling of the concrete. The steel curb template shall be an
integral part of the finish machine with a self-contained vibrator for the curb section.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 411

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.08 INTEGRAL CURB (Continued)

When authorized by the City’s Project Manager, the curb may be placed immediately after the
concrete in the pavement has been placed and finished, but before the concrete develops its initial
set, by means of a curb machine equipped with a steel template and self-contained vibrator. Hand
placement methods shall be finished with the aid of a metal mule template. This method shall be
used only where specifically authorized by the City’s Project Manager.

4.09 PAVEMENT BASIS OF PAYMENT

A. GENERAL

Such payment shall be full compensation for all preparation of subgrade, forms or slip forming,
curb and gutter, integral curb, materials, labor, tools, equipment, jointing, finishing, curing,
sawing, sealing, backfilling, guarantee, cleanup and incidentals necessary to complete the
Work.

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
Concrete placed shall be paid for per the concrete mix approved. However, concrete which
does not make the minimum required strength for opening to traffic within 24 hours for Class
PR or within 48 hours for Class L-5500 shall be paid for as Class L-3500 unless approved
otherwise by the Engineer.

Curb drops shall be constructed at locations shown on the plans or as directed by the City’s
Project Manager for the future construction or reconstruction of driveways or access ramps.
No direct payment will be made for the Work of constructing curb drops. The cost of curb
drops shall be considered subsidiary to the items for which direct payment is made.

B. PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT

Plain (non-reinforced) concrete pavement of the various thicknesses called for in the proposal,
constructed in conformance with these Standard Specifications and accepted by the City’s
Project Manager, shall be measured and paid for at the contract unit price bid per square yard
for PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT, ___". The final measure shall
be for pavement only, excluding curb and gutter.

No additional payment over the unit Contract Bid price will be made for any pavement which
has an average thickness in excess of that shown on the Plans.

C. PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT with INTEGRAL CURB

Plain (non-reinforced) concrete pavement of the dimensions and thickness called for on the
plans, constructed in conformance with the Lincoln Standard Specifications and accepted by
the City’s Project Manager, shall be measured and paid for at the contract unit price per square
yard for PCC PAVEMENT with INTEGRAL CURB, ___". The final measure shall be for
pavement with integral curb and measured from back of curb to back of curb.

No additional payment over the unit Contract Bid price will be made for any pavement which
has an average thickness in excess of that shown on the Plans.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 412

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.09 PAVEMENT BASIS OF PAYMENT (Continued)

D. DOWELED PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (DPCC) PAVEMENT

Doweled concrete pavement of the dimensions and thickness called for on the plans,
constructed in conformance with the Lincoln Standard Specifications and accepted by the
City’s Project Manager, shall be measured and paid for at the contract unit price bid per square
yard for DOWELED PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (DPCC) PAVEMENT, ___". The
final measure shall be for pavement only, excluding curb and gutter.
No additional payment over the unit Contract Bid price will be made for any pavement which
has an average thickness in excess of that shown on the Plans.

E. DOWELED PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (DPCC) PAVEMENT with INTEGRAL

CURB

Doweled concrete pavement of the dimensions and thickness called for on the plans,

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
constructed in conformance with the Lincoln Standard Specifications and accepted by the
City’s Project Manager, shall be measured and paid for at the contract unit price per square
yard for DOWELED PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (DPCC) PAVEMENT with
INTEGRAL CURB, ___". The final measure shall be for pavement with integral curb and
measured from back of curb to back of curb.

No additional payment over the unit Contract Bid price will be made for any pavement which
has an average thickness in excess of that shown on the Plans.

F. REINFORCED PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (RPCC) PAVEMENT

Reinforced concrete pavement of the various thicknesses called for in the proposal, constructed
in conformance with these Standard Specifications and accepted by the City’s Project Manager,
shall be measured and paid for at the contract unit price bid per square yard for REINFORCED
PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (RPCC) PAVEMENT, ___".

No additional payment over the unit Contract Bid price will be made for any pavement which
has an average thickness in excess of that shown on the Plans.

G. CONCRETE SIDEWALK; CONCRETE DRIVEWAY; CONCRETE BIKEWAY

CONCRETE SIDEWALK, ___" THICK; CONCRETE DRIVEWAY, ___" THICK;

CONCRETE BIKEWAY, ___ " THICK, that has been completed in conformance with the
Plans and Standard Specifications and accepted by the City’s Project Manager shall be
measured and paid for at the contract unit price bid per square foot. Sidewalks or bikeways
constructed through future driveway locations shall be constructed to the minimum driveway
thickness and shall be measured and paid for at the appropriate unit price bid for Concrete
Driveway.

H. COMBINED CURB AND GUTTER, CONCRETE BARRIER CURB, or CONCRETE

MEDIAN CURB

COMBINED CURB AND GUTTER, CONCRETE BARRIER CURB, or CONCRETE

MEDIAN CURB, completed in conformance with the plans and Standard Specifications and
accepted by the City’s Project Manager, shall be measured along the face of the curb through
all inlets.

Payment shall be made at the contract unit price bid per linear foot for each type and size
constructed.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 413

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.09 PAVEMENT BASIS OF PAYMENT (Continued)

I. CONCRETE HEADER

Concrete headers shall be placed at the ends of all streets and intersections when the extended
street or side streets are unpaved. Concrete headers constructed in conformance with Lincoln
Transportation and Utilities Standard Plans and accepted by the City’s Project Manager shall
be paid for at the contract unit price bid per linear foot for Install Concrete Header or Remove
Concrete Header.

J. CONCRETE MEDIAN NOSE

CONCRETE MEDIAN NOSE completed in conformance with the plans and Standard
Specifications and accepted by the City’s Project Manager, shall be paid for at the contract unit
price bid per each.

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
K. CONCRETE MEDIAN SURFACING, 4" THICK

CONCRETE MEDIAN SURFACING, 4" THICK, completed in conformance with the plans
and Standard Specifications and accepted by the City’s Project Manager, shall be measured
and paid for at the contract unit price bid per square foot.

L. TACK-ON MEDIAN

TACK-ON MEDIAN, completed in conformance with the plans and Standard Specifications
and accepted by the City’s Project Manager, shall be measured and paid for at the contract unit
price bid per square foot.

4.10 ALLEY PAVEMENT AND ALLEY RETURNS

A. GENERAL

The finishing of concrete alley pavement and concrete alley returns shall proceed, in general,
in conformance with the methods specified above under “Hand Finishing”, with the
modification that after the required strike off and consolidation, the surface shall be floated
longitudinally with a wooden float.

Where walls of buildings or other obstructions exist immediately adjacent to alley lines and
against which the new pavement must be placed, an accepted bond breaking material will be
applied between the existing building and new pavement necessary modifications of the
methods specified in this section will be approved by the City’s Project Manager. No essential
requirements, however, relating to quality of workmanship or trueness to grade and cross
sections shall be waived. In general, a temporary screed strip shall be set to the proper grade,
parallel to the alley line and approximately 1' there from, and a somewhat shorter screed shall
be used.

As soon as the necessary screeding has been completed, the screed strip shall be immediately
removed, and the space filled with fresh concrete. Final finishing shall then be completed as
specified under machine finish of these Standard Specifications. All jointing, jointing patterns
and typical sections shall conform to Lincoln Transportation and Utilities Standard Plans.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 414

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.10 ALLEY PAVEMENT AND ALLEY RETURNS (Continued)

B. BASIS OF PAYMENT

Alley pavement of the various thicknesses called for in the proposals, constructed in
conformance with these Standard Specifications and accepted by the City’s Project Manager,
shall be measured and paid for at the contract unit price bid per square yard for PORTLAND
CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) ALLEY PAVEMENT, ___". Such payment shall be full
compensation for all preparation of subgrade, forms or slip forming, curb and gutter, integral
curb, materials, labor, tools, equipment, jointing, finishing, curing, sawing, sealing, backfilling,
guarantee, cleanup and incidentals necessary to complete the Work.

4.11 CURB RAMPS

A. GENERAL

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
Curb ramps shall be constructed at the locations shown on the plans or as directed by the City’s
Project Manager. Curb ramps thickness shall be equal to the pavement thickness, but no less
than 6" and no more than 10". Said thickness shall be carried out a distance measured no less
than 4' and no more than 6' measured perpendicular to the back of curb. All curb ramps shall
be constructed with DETECTABLE WARNING PANEL material in conformance with the
Lincoln Transportation and Utilities Standard Plans.

B. BASIS OF PAYMENT

Curb ramps shall be measured and paid for at the appropriate unit price bid for CONCRETE
SIDEWALK, ___" THICK or CONCRETE BIKEWAY, ___" THICK. Such payment shall be
full compensation for all preparation of subgrade, forms or slip forming, curb and gutter,
integral curb, materials, labor, tools, equipment, jointing, finishing, curing, sawing, sealing,
backfilling, guarantee, cleanup and incidentals necessary to complete the Work.

DETECTABLE WARNING PANELS material shall be paid for by the square foot of material
in place.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 415

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.12 PAVEMENT REPAIR

A. GENERAL

This work shall consist of repairing Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavement with Portland
cement concrete (PCC), Asphaltic Concrete (AC), and/or hot-applied, flexible polymer
modified concrete (FPMC) at the locations shown in the contract or as designated by the
Engineer. The work shall include removing deteriorated concrete, disposing of the old
concrete, preparation of the repair area, and furnishing, placing, finishing and curing of the
PCC, FPMC, or Asphalt. This work includes full depth and partial depth repairs for pavement,
curbs, joints, and cracks. Additional details are included in Lincoln Transportation and Utilities
Standard Plans.

Concrete pavement repairs are grouped into 3 types based on the surface area of the patch (see
Table 4.12A).

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
TABLE 4.12A – PCC PAVEMENT REPAIR GROUPS

Type Size Square Yards (SY)

A Less than 5
B 5 to 15
C More than 15 to 45

Repair areas exceeding 45 SY in size and not of full panel width shall also be paid as a Type C
concrete pavement repair. Dowel baskets for full depth concrete pavement repairs shall be
installed at transverse joints. Repair areas greater than 45 SY in size and of full panel width
shall be paid for and constructed per City of Lincoln Standard Specifications for PCC
pavement. Dowel baskets for PCC pavement construction shall be installed when present in
existing pavement.

Full depth concrete pavement repairs shall be a minimum of 4' in length and 4' in width. New
curb shall be constructed as indicated on the plans or as directed by the City’s Project Manager,
to the same dimensions as the existing curb and measured and paid for in conformance with
Chapter 4 of the current City of Lincoln Standard Specifications.

Full depth pavement repair shall be constructed on a prepared subgrade or foundation course
as prescribed in the contract. The thickness of the new concrete pavement shall match the
existing pavement thickness or as shown on the plans.

Removal of concrete for partial depth pavement repair shall be to the depth necessary to reach
sound concrete. The minimum depth of removal shall be 1.5" for FPMC, 2" for asphalt, 3" for
PCC, or as shown on the plans. The maximum depth of removal shall be 4". The minimum
width of removal shall be 2' for PCC pavement or joint repairs. The minimum width of removal
shall be 1' for FPMC or asphalt pavement or joint repairs. The maximum mill width for crack
repairs shall be 8".

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 416

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.12 PAVEMENT REPAIR (Continued)

B. MATERIALS

1. CONCRETE

Repairs shall be made with Class L-3500 if the contract allows for lane closures, partial/full
closure of drive access, or detours to accommodate the extended curing period. Repairs
made with Class L-5500 or Class PR concrete shall be at approved locations as shown on
the plans or as directed by the City’s Construction Project Manager.

All concrete materials furnished by the Contractor shall conform to the requirements set
forth in Chapter 3 of the current City of Lincoln Standard Specifications.

2. FLEXIBLE POLYMER MODIFIED CONCRETE

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
Partial depth concrete repairs constructed with flexible concrete material shall consist of
hot applied, polymer modified resin compounds containing mineral fillers, chopped
fiberglass fibers, and graded aggregates. The repair material shall conform to the
requirements of Table 4.12B.

TABLE 4.12B – FLEXIBLE POLYMER MODIFIED CONCRETE

Property Requirement Test Method
Color Gray Visual
Specific Gravity 1.8 – 2 g/cc ASTM D2726
Flow 3mm ASTM D5329, 0.5" thick specimen
max@60C@5hrs
Tensile Adhesion 20% min ASTM D5329, 0.75" thick specimen
Elongation @ 2"/min
Resilience 50% Recovery Tex-547-c
Flexibility No Tear at Bend ASTM D3111, 1" dia., 0.4" thick, 4"
wide
Application Temperature *
Aggregate Settlement 3% Maximum Tex-551-c
Maximum Heating Temp *
*As recommended by the manufacturer

The material shall be suitable for pavement repair depths up to 4"; it shall be durable when
subjected to vehicle traffic for climate conditions normal to Nebraska. It shall set up and
withstand traffic within one hour. It must be specifically designed for repair of concrete
spalls or partial depth repairs. The material must be able to resist water and form a tight
seal to the concrete.

The repair material is to be supplied in a powder form, factory blended and bagged in
wholly meltable type containers, and any of their components, shall be fully meltable and
integrational with the polymer concrete material by the time the manufacturer’s minimum
application temperature is reached. Material that is shipped in boxes shall not have staples.
Unused material left in machine must be able to be reheated and used at least twice with
no effect in the material’s performance.

A manufacturer’s recommended primer agent shall be used to coat the vertical and
horizontal repair surface promoting adhesion and preventing moisture intrusion.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 417

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.12 PAVEMENT REPAIR (Continued)

B. MATERIALS (Continued)

2. FLEXIBLE POLYMER MODIFIED CONCRETE (Continued)

Bulking aggregate shall be as supplied by the manufacturer or shall be a hard, durable,

clean, crushed rock meeting the gradation requirements of Table 4.12C and approved by
the City’s Project Manager.

TABLE 4.12C – BULKING AGGREGATE

Sieve % Passing
1" 100%

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
3/4" 90-100%
3/8" 0-15%
No.200 0.5% maximum

Surface aggregate shall be as supplied by the manufacturer or shall be a hard, durable,

clean, crushed rock meeting the gradation requirements of Table 4.12D and approved by
the City’s Project Manager.

TABLE 4.12D – SURFACE AGGREGATE

Sieve % Passing
No. 4 100%
No. 10 1-10%
No. 200 0.5% maximum

3. ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS

All materials used for concrete pavement repairs and joint repairs, otherwise not listed here
shall conform to those requirements in the contract and or Lincoln Standard Specifications.

Flexible polymer modified concrete material and materials used in conjunction with it for
repairs shall be accepted based on manufacturer’s certification of compliance letters.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 418

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.12 PAVEMENT REPAIR (Continued)

C. EQUIPMENT

1. CONCRETE EQUIPMENT

A mobile mixer conforming to the requirements set forth in Chapter 3 of the current City
of Lincoln Standard Specifications may be used.

Adequate hand tools shall be provided, including an internal vibrator. Internal vibrators
and hand tools shall meet the concrete placement requirements of Chapter 4 of the current
City of Lincoln Standard Specifications.

Screeds, either mechanical or hand operated, shall be used to finish the concrete except for
small patches and integral curb repair. The screeds shall be either a vibrating or roller type
screed specifically designed for striking off concrete and in conformance with the concrete

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
placement requirements of Chapter 4 of the current City of Lincoln Standard
Specifications.

Drills for dowels or tie bars, shall be capable of drilling the appropriately sized hole parallel
to the surface of the concrete and the longitudinal centerline within 1/8".

2. FLEXIBLE POLYMER MODIFIED CONCRETE EQUIPMENT

Repair material must be melted in an appropriate indirectly heated mixing unit with
horizontal shaft and full sweep agitation to uniformly mix the product and with an effective
product delivery system. The temperature of material shall be controlled with an
electronically controlled thermostat.

The repair site shall be milled with an approved milling machine to the specified width and
depth. Pot holes or spalls shall be milled, saw cut and/or removed with a 15 lb. maximum
chipping hammer.

A hot compressed air lance shall be used to clean and dry the repair surfaces when moisture
is present. The hot air lance shall be capable of producing temperatures in excess of 2500°
F and flow rates of 185 cfm.

Adequate hand tools shall be provided.

3. ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS

All equipment used for pavement repairs and joint repairs, otherwise not listed here shall
conform to those requirements in the contract and or Lincoln Standard Specifications.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 419

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.12 PAVEMENT REPAIR (Continued)

D. CONSTRUCTION METHODS

1. REMOVALS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

The Contractor shall remove the concrete pavement and curbs, if applicable, without
damaging the adjacent concrete pavement and curbs. Repair of any damage caused by the
operation is at the Contractor’s expense.

The Contractor shall remove and dispose of all old pavement, reinforcing steel, and all
other materials. The repair section shall be removed with minimum disturbance of the
underlying foundation course. Any loosened foundation course material shall be removed
and replaced with concrete.

If reinforcing fabric is encountered, it shall not be replaced.

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
The Contractor shall cut around the perimeter of the repair area as shown in the plans. All
repairs shall be cut so the edges are parallel or perpendicular to the traveled way. Saw
overcuts shall be kept to a minimum.

The Contractor shall use hand or pneumatic tools to remove the concrete pavement. If the
patch is full depth Type C, then a drop hammer may be used to remove the pavement.

When tie bars in longitudinal joints are damaged during concrete removal, they shall be
replaced by the Contractor at no additional cost to the City with No. 5 reinforcing bars that
are 18" in length. The new tie bars shall be installed into holes drilled in the existing
concrete and secured in place with a non-shrink grout or epoxy on the Nebraska
Department of Transportation (NDOT) Approved Products List.

2. PREPARATION

a. General

The repair sections shall be removed to the lines designated in the plans and or by
the City’s Project Manager, including reinforcement that interferes with the
operations. The wheel-type cutter shall be operated to produce minimum disturbance
of the foundation course material, with no encroachment of the cut into the concrete
of the adjoining lane. The Contractor shall uniformly moisten and compact the
subgrade or foundation course to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

A bond breaker shall be used as shown in the contract.

Where the repair area is not bordered by existing concrete pavement, a form shall be
used as the pavement edge to provide the same surface elevation and edge alignment
as the existing pavement. The form shall be supported or braced in position to prevent
movement during the placement and finishing of the concrete. Forms for concrete
pavement repair shall conform to the requirements of this Chapter 4 of the current City
of Lincoln Standard Specifications.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 420

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.12 PAVEMENT REPAIR (Continued)

D. CONSTRUCTION METHODS (Continued)

2. PREPARATION (Continued)

b. Preparation Full Depth with Dowels or Tie Bars

Removal shall extend across the existing joint a minimum of 2' into the adjacent panel
in doweled concrete.

Dowel bars or tie bars shall be anchored into the faces of the existing concrete as
designated in the contract.

The dowel bar holes shall be drilled at the same plane ± 1/8" and at the spacing shown
in the contract.

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
The tie bar holes can be drilled independently.

The drilled holes shall be thoroughly cleaned with compressed air to remove all dust,
dirt, loose material and moisture.

After cleaning and prior to dowel or tie bar insertion, an application of grout or Type
IV, Grade 3 epoxy shall be made at the back of the hole. The grout or epoxy shall be
from NDOT Approved Products List. Twist the dowel or tie bar one full turn during
insertion to completely surround it with the grout or epoxy. The furnishing and
installation of dowel and tie bars will not be paid for directly but shall be considered
subsidiary to the concrete pavement or joint repair work being performed.

For the new matching transverse joints on repairs that span existing joints, the dowel
baskets shall be placed parallel to the joint, and the dowel bars shall be parallel to
centerline.

c. Preparation Partial Depth

For partial depth repairs, the Contractor shall cut and chip the pavement edges with a
15 pound (6.8 kg) maximum chipping hammer to form reasonably neat vertical
surfaces.

The Contractor shall use a diamond blade to cut around the perimeter of the repair area.

Material shall be removed from the repair area to a depth and width necessary to
provide sound pavement that will allow proper bonding and support of the repair
material. The Contractor may use an approved milling machine capable of removing
material to the horizontal and vertical dimensions needed. Otherwise, hand or
pneumatic tools shall be used to remove the concrete pavement.

All surfaces, including the bottom, of the partial depth concrete repairs shall be free
from loose concrete, sand, and other debris and shall be maintained in a dry and clean
condition. Use a hot compressed air lance to clean and dry the repair surfaces for
application of flexible polymer modified concrete.

All surfaces shall be cleaned and dry before the bonding agent is applied. The bonding
agent shall be a Type IV, Grade 2 Epoxy Adhesive on the NDOT Approved Products
List.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 421

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.12 PAVEMENT REPAIR (Continued)

D. CONSTRUCTION METHODS (Continued)

2. PREPARATION (Continued)

c. Preparation Partial Depth (Continued)

The primer agent for flexible polymer modified concrete material utilized in partial
depth repairs shall be as recommended by the manufacturer. Apply the primer agent
to vertical and horizontal repair surfaces and allow to dry. The repair material shall be
installed the same day the primer is applied. Do not use an open flame to dry the
primer.

All preparation of partial depth pavement repairs otherwise not provided above shall
conform to those requirements in the contract and or Lincoln Standard Specifications.

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
3. PLACING AND FINISHING

a. Concrete

The Contractor shall furnish and place the concrete. The concrete shall be handled and
consolidated so there will be no separation of the aggregate and the mortar.

An internal vibrator shall be used to consolidate the concrete.

A vibrating screed shall be used on a full depth concrete repair that is a full panel width
and two or more panels in length, to finish the concrete to the final elevation.

The concrete shall be floated with a magnesium bull float and then given a drag finish
with wet burlap, carpet, or canvas in a direction parallel to the traffic flow. If the
surface is not to receive an overlay or smoothness grinding, it shall be finished to match
the existing surface.

b. Flexible Polymer Modified Concrete

Mix and heat the repair material to a temperature as recommended by the manufacturer.
Placement of the material at a temperature outside of the specified or manufacturer
recommended temperature range may require removal and replacement of flexible
polymer modified concrete material or concrete at the expense of the Contractor. All
material heated in excess of the manufacturers maximum heating temperature for more
than one hour shall be rejected.

If bulking or surface aggregate contains surface moisture, dry the aggregate by heating,
aerating or other method approved by the City’s Project Manager before placement in
repair material.

The heated repair material shall be placed in lifts with dry bulking aggregate at a rate
of 20% to 30% of the repair volume, not to exceed 30% of the entire repair volume.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 422

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.12 PAVEMENT REPAIR (Continued)

D. CONSTRUCTION METHODS (Continued)

3. PLACING AND FINISHING (Continued)

b. Flexible Polymer Modified Concrete (Continued)

One lift of heated repair material and bulking aggregate shall be defined as the
placement of repair material followed by bulking aggregate uniformly spread over
entire repair area and then enclosed by repair material. The bulking aggregate shall be
installed such that 50% of the bulking aggregate is encapsulated by the lower layer of
repair material and the remaining 50% will be enclosed in the top layer of repair
material.

One lift shall fill approximately 1.5" to 2" of a repair depth. The repair material shall

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
always be at least 3/4" thick at the bottom of the repair. Install additional repair
material and bulking aggregate in 1.5" to 2" lifts until the repair is level with the
existing pavement. Each lift shall cool to 200° F prior to placing the next lift. The
final 1/2" of the repair shall consist of only flexible polymer modified concrete material
(no bulking stone) for optimum flexibility of repair.

Dress the surface of the repair with surface aggregate. Perform this operation while
the repair is still hot. The finished surface shall be within 1/4" of existing pavement.
At the discretion of the Engineer, repair areas with depressions greater than 1/4" may
be repaired by reapplying the heated repair material with surface aggregate. Do not
use air lance or open flame to heat the existing surface material of the depression area.

Sweep the area and remove all debris from the site.

c. Asphaltic Concrete

The Contractor shall furnish and place the asphaltic concrete conforming to those
requirements in the contract and or Lincoln Standard Specifications.

4. JOINTS/CRACKS

The Contractor shall create joints in full depth repairs as shown in the contract.

When pavement and joint repairs will not be overlaid, all saw cuts, random cracks,
transverse joints, and longitudinal joints shall be thoroughly cleaned with compressed air
to remove all dust, dirt, loose material and moisture, and sealed with hot pour joint sealant
as specified in section 4.06. D.

Joints/cracks shall not be sealed until after any corrective work or Diamond Grinding and
Texturing Concrete Pavement is completed. Formed joint wells that are destroyed shall be
reconstructed, and joints/cracks of insufficient depth shall be deepened prior to sealing.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 423

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4.12 PAVEMENT REPAIR (Continued)

D. CONSTRUCTION METHODS (Continued

5. CURING AND PROTECTION

a. General Concrete

The Contractor shall apply curing compound to all concrete pavement repairs. The
cure compound shall be applied immediately after each patch is completed.

When pavement and joint repairs are overlaid with asphaltic concrete, the curing
method shall be with tack coat. An approved asphalt emulsion or bituminous based
compound may be used with approval of the City’s Project Manager.

White pigmented curing compound shall be used when the repair will be the wearing

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
surface. The application rate shall be 1 Gallons per 150 Square Feet.

b. Class L-3500 Concrete

Class L-3500 concrete pavement repairs shall not be opened to traffic until the
compressive strength reaches 3,000 psi as determined by the Maturity Method or
cylinders, at the discretion of the City’s Project Manager. The maturity curve will be
developed by the City’s Testing Lab. Concrete shall not be placed when ambient air
temperature is expected to drop below 40°F (4°C) during the cure period.

c. Class PR and Class L-5500

Class PR and Class L-5500 concrete pavement repairs shall be covered with
polyethylene film and then insulation board or insulated blankets immediately after the
curing compound has been applied. The insulation board and insulated blankets shall
have an R-value (thermal resistance) equal to or greater than 5 ft²-hr-°F/BTU [1.0 m²
(°C/W)]. Insulation and polyethylene film shall be maintained until concrete reaches
opening strength.

Class PR and Class L-5500 concrete pavement repairs shall not be opened to traffic
until the compressive strength reaches 3000 psi. This will be determined by use of
Maturity Method or cylinders, at the discretion of the City’s Project Manager. The
maturity curve will be developed by the City’s Testing Lab.

Table 4.12E is a guide to the minimum time the PR concrete will reach a compressive
strength of 3,000 psi.

TABLE 4.12E – CLASS PR (With Calcium Chloride)

Minimum Ambient Air Temperature Hours

(41° – 60°) F (5° – 16° C) 12
(61° – 80°) F (16° – 27° C) 8
Above 80° F (27° C) 4

Concrete shall not be placed when ambient air temperatures are expected to drop below
40° F (4° C) during the cure period.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 424

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4.12 PAVEMENT REPAIR (Continued)

D. CONSTRUCTION METHODS (Continued)

5. CURING AND PROTECTION (Continued)

c. Class PR and Class L-5500 (Continued)

Class PR Concrete with calcium chloride added will be used for all concrete repairs if
the repaired areas must be opened to traffic within 24 hours. Calcium chloride may be
excluded from the concrete mix provided the minimum required strength can be
attained within the allotted time.

Class L-5500 Concrete will be used for all concrete repairs if the repaired areas must
be opened to traffic within 24 to 48 hours provided the minimum required strength can

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
be attained within the allotted time. Non-chloride accelerators may be used to
accomplish this with prior approval by the City’s Project Manager.

Concrete placed shall be paid for per the concrete mix approved. However, concrete
which does not make the minimum required strength for opening to traffic within 24
hours for Class PR or within 48 hours for Class L-5500 shall be paid for as Class L-
3500 unless approved otherwise by the Engineer.

d. Flexible Polymer Modified Concrete

Do not allow traffic over the material until after it has cooled to the point that it does
not permanently deform under pressure, as recommended by the manufacturer or as
directed. As a guide, allow on hour of cure time from final placement of repair material
and surface aggregate for a 2" partial repair depth. Allow an additional 1/2 hour of
cure time for each inch of repair depth exceeding 2".

e. Asphaltic Concrete

All curing and protection of asphaltic concrete shall conform to those requirements in
the contract and or Lincoln Standard Specifications.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 425

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4.12 PAVEMENT REPAIR (Continued)

D. CONSTRUCTION METHODS (Continued)

6. SMOOTHNESS

a. Concrete

The pavement elevation of repair areas shall be corrected in a manner that eliminates
dips or bumps. Dips and bumps are defined as having a 1/8" or greater deviation using
an approved 10' straightedge. If the repair will be the wearing surface, the correction
shall be diamond grinding or replacement as directed by the City’s Project Manager.
The condition of the adjacent pavement shall be considered when evaluating the 1/8"
deviation requirement.

b. Flexible Polymer Modified Concrete

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
Any repairs that are rejected, at the discretion of the City’s Project Manager, due to
unsatisfactory or improper workmanship including repairs with surface profiles that
vary from the existing street profile by more than 1/4" or failures due to damage by the
operation or public traffic, if opened to traffic prior to approval, shall be removed and
replaced at no expense to the City.

c. Asphaltic Concrete

The smoothness of repairs shall conform to those requirements in the contract and or
Lincoln Standard Specifications.

E. BASIS OF PAYMENT

1. GENERAL

Adjacent pavement repairs of varying widths which are situated such that the removals of
the areas may be accomplished concurrently, shall be considered as a single repair. The
total area of the adjoining areas shall be combined to determine the repair type as shown
in Table 4.12A.

A joint repair shall be considered any repair that extends across the joint (regardless of
width) and is 9' or less in length. Any repair that extends across a joint where the final
measurement is in excess of 9' in length will be paid for as the appropriate pavement repair
item, as determined by Table 4.12A.

Acceptance of L-5500 and PR concrete shall be based on the concrete attaining 4000 psi
within 28 days from date of placement. This may be determined either by the maturity
method or test cylinders.

Acceptance of L-3500 will be based on the 28-day compressive strength of each day’s
production. If the 28-day strength fails, the Contractor has the option to take 3 core
samples, of the concrete in question, at no additional cost to the City. The average
compressive strength of the cores will be used to determine the actual 28-day compressive
strength. The cores must be taken within 35 days from the date the concrete was poured.
The Engineer shall select the site where the cores will be taken and take possession of them
immediately after removal from the pavement. The cores shall be delivered to the City’s
Testing Lab for testing.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 426

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4.12 PAVEMENT REPAIR (Continued)

E. BASIS OF PAYMENT (Continued)

1. GENERAL (Continued)

Unless stated otherwise in these specifications concrete not meeting the 28-day required
strength based on cylinders or maturity method as determined by the Engineer shall be
removed and replaced at no extra cost to the City. Unless stated otherwise the Engineer
may evaluate the concrete’s expected use and may allow it to remain in place at 50% pay.

The sealing of all random cracks or joints associated with the pavement repair will not be
measured and paid for directly but shall be considered subsidiary to the joint or pavement
repair work being performed.

When it is determined by the City’s Project Manager that a partial depth repair needs to be

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
changed to a full depth repair after the area has been prepared for a partial depth repair, the
Contractor shall be paid for the area prepared at 50% of the unit price bid for partial depth
repair in addition to the full unit price bid for the full depth repair.

Payment is full compensation for all work prescribed in this Section, including but not
limited to saw cuts, removals, and reinforcement.

2. CONCRETE PAVEMENT REPAIR, TYPE ___, PARTIAL DEPTH FPMC

Partial depth flexible, polymer modified concrete (FPMC) pavement repair, Types A and
B as determined by Table 4.12A, constructed in conformance with the Plans and the
Lincoln Standard Specifications and accepted by the City’s Project Manager, shall be
measured and paid for at the contract unit price bid per cubic yard for CONCRETE
PAVEMENT REPAIR, TYPE ___, PARTIAL DEPTH FPMC.

3. CONCRETE PAVEMENT REPAIR, TYPE A, PARTIAL DEPTH ASPHALT, TYPE 3

Partial depth Asphaltic Concrete pavement repair, Type A, as determined by Table 4.12A,
constructed in conformance with the Plans and the Lincoln Standard Specifications and
accepted by the City’s Project Manager, shall be measured and paid for at the contract unit
price bid per cubic yard for CONCRETE PAVEMENT REPAIR, TYPE A, PARTIAL
DEPTH ASPHALT, TYPE 3.

4. CONCRETE PAVEMENT JOINT REPAIR ___, PCC

CONCRETE PAVEMENT JOINT REPAIR ___, PCC completed in conformance the

Plans and Lincoln Standard Specifications and accepted by the City’s Project Manager,
shall be measured and paid for at the contract unit price bid per cubic yard.

5. CONCRETE PAVEMENT REPAIR, TYPE ___, FULL DEPTH, ___ PCC

Full depth Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavement repair, Types A, B, and C, as
determined by Table 4.12A, constructed in conformance with the Plans and the Lincoln
Standard Specifications and accepted by the City’s Project Manager, shall be measured and
paid for at the contract unit price bid per cubic yard for CONCRETE PAVEMENT
REPAIR, TYPE ___, FULL DEPTH ___ PCC.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 427

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.12 PAVEMENT REPAIR (Continued)

E. BASIS OF PAYMENT (Continued)

6. CONCRETE PAVEMENT REPAIR, TYPE ___, PARTIAL DEPTH, ___ PCC

Partial depth Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavement repair, Types A and B, as
determined by Table 4.12A, constructed in conformance with the Plans and the Lincoln
Standard Specifications and accepted by the City’s Project Manager, shall be measured and
paid for at the contract unit price bid per cubic yard for CONCRETE PAVEMENT
REPAIR, TYPE ___, PARTIAL DEPTH, ___ PCC.

7. JOINT SEALING

JOINT SEALING, shall be measured as the number of linear feet of joint sealing completed
in place and accepted by the City. It shall be paid for at the contract unit price per linear

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
feet for joint sealing. The width of joints may vary. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to
review the existing conditions prior to bidding. This price and payment shall be full
compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, material and incidentals required to complete
the work.

8. CRACK SEALING

CRACK SEALING, shall be measured as the number of linear feet of crack sealing
completed in place and accepted by the City. It shall be paid for at the contract unit price
per linear feet for crack sealing. The width of cracks may vary. It is the Contractor’s
responsibility to review the existing conditions prior to bidding. This price and payment
shall be full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, material, and incidentals required
to complete the work.

4.13 SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION

All projects involving items of paving shall be considered substantially complete when all items of
Work shown on the proposal or called for in any other area of the Contract documents are
completed to the satisfaction of the City’s Project Manager. Such items shall include but will not
be limited to: curb and gutter, Asphaltic Concrete pavement/Portland Cement Concrete (PCC)
pavement, streets, driveways, sidewalks, alleys, bikeways, concrete curbs, medians, adjustment of
manholes, valve boxes, water stop boxes, backfilling, park spacing, joint/crack sealing, and
pavement markings.

Liquidated damages shall continue to accrue until such time as the Work is deemed to be
substantially completed by the City’s Project Manager. However, the Contractor may submit a
written request to the City’s Project Manager for approval to suspend such liquidated damages to
allow additional time for completion of minor items of the Work, such as seeding, sodding, and
survey monuments. Granting the request for additional time by the City’s Project Manager shall
not relieve the Contractor of the Contractor’s responsibilities for completion of those items for
which the suspension is requested.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 428

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.14 PAY FACTORS

A. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

A pay factor will be applied to each unit as required by the Engineer and based on the
compressive strength. A unit will be comprised of the concrete represented by the day’s pour,
not to exceed 750 linear feet.

Concrete strengths shall be based on the compressive strength of the 28-day cylinder or the
maturity method at the discretion of the Engineer and subject to the pay factors in Table 4.14A.

If the compressive strength is below the required strength, the Contractor has the option to
request a core sample of the concrete in question. The compressive strength of the core will be
used to determine the actual 28-day compressive strength and subject to the pay factors in Table
4.14A. The core must be taken within 35 days from the date the concrete was poured. The

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
Engineer shall select the site where the core will be taken and take possession of it immediately
after removal from the pavement. The core shall be delivered to the City’s Testing Lab for
testing concrete strength.

If the initial core fails, two additional cores may be taken within 7 days of notification. The
additional cores will be taken within 6 inches of the original core in the longitudinal direction
under the direct supervision of the Engineer. The average of all three cores will be used to
determine the compressive strength pay factor.

TABLE 4.14A – CONCRETE STRENGTH PAY FACTORS

Percent of Required Pay Factor
Concrete Compressive Strength
Greater than 99.7 100
Greater than 99.0 to 99.7 99.5
Greater than 98.0 to 99.0 99
Greater than 97.0 to 98.0 97
Greater than 96.0 to 97.0 95
Greater than 94.0 to 96.0 93
Greater than 92.0 to 94.0 90
Greater than 90.0 to 92.0 85
Greater than 88.0 to 90.0 80
Greater than 86.0 to 88.0 75
Greater than 85.0 to 86.0 70
85.0 or less Remove and Replace*
*When the compressive strength of the concrete is less than 85.0% of the
required strength (after 28 days), the Engineer will evaluate the concrete’s
expected use and may allow it to remain in place at 40% pay.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 429

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT
4.14 PAY FACTORS (Continued)

B. PAVEMENT THICKNESS

A pay factor will be applied to each unit as required by the Engineer. Based on the measured
thickness the pavement core will be subject to the pay factors in Table 4.14B. The Engineer
shall select the site where the core will be taken and take possession of it immediately after
removal from the pavement.

If required, one core will be taken from each unit consisting of not more than 300 linear feet of
pavement. If deficient by more than 0.25", 2 additional cores will be taken in the same unit
and averaged. If any core is deficient by more than 0.50", the limits will be determined by
coring the adjacent panels parallel with centerline of the street and repeated until the pavement
comes within the 0.50" tolerance. The thickness pay factor in Table 4.14B shall be applied to
the representative quantity of pavement.

This document was originally issued and sealed by Kristen A. Humphrey, E-10365, on 10-01-22. This media should not be considered a certified document.
TABLE 4.14B – PAVEMENT THICKNESS PAY FACTORS

Average Thickness Deficiency Pay Factor

0" to 0.25" 100
Greater than 0.25" to 0.30" 90
Greater than 0.30" to 0.35" 85
Greater than 0.35" to 0.40" 80
Greater than 0.40" to 0.45" 75
Greater than 0.45" to 0.50" 70
Greater than 0.50" Remove and Replace*
*When the thickness of the pavement is deficient by more than 0.50", the
Engineer will evaluate the pavement’s expected use and may allow it to remain
in place at 40% pay.

2023 City of Lincoln Standard Specifications 430

CHAPTER 4 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) PAVEMENT