PERC ENTA GE

Percent : Percent means per hund d

hu d d B re or for every Ex.1 Express each of the following as a decimal.
n re . y a certain per cent
' we mean that many (I) 65% (ii) 0 .1 %
h un d redths. The symbol "°/4,, •
word percent. o is used to express the Sol. (i) We have,

I PERCEN T AS A FRACT10:B) 65% =

1
65
00 = 0.65.

A fraction
d · with its denominat or as 100 ·,s called 0 .1 1
a percent
an is equal to that percent as is the numerator. i.e . (ii)0.1 %= 100 = 1000 =0 .001 .

-
75
10
1 ·,
0 = 75 x -1oo -- 75 hun d redths = 75 per hundred I CONVERS ION OF A DECIMAL INTO A PERC et~J)

= 75% . To convert a decimal into a per cent, we shift the decimal

I PERCEN T AS A RATlg)
point two places to the right.
Ex.2 Express each of the following as percent :
A ratio with its second term 100 is also called a percent. (i) 0 .037 (ii) 0 .275
8
8 : 100 = 100 = 8%. Sol . (i) 0 037 = -37- =( -37
- x 100 ) % =3 7%
. 1000 1000 ·

I CONVER SION OF A PERCENT INTO A FRACTIO B} 275 ( 275

(ii) 0.275: 1000 : 1000 X
)
100 °lo : 27.5o/o
To convert a percent into a fraction , we drop percent
sign (%) and divide the number by 100. ❖ What percent of one quantity is another quantity :

❖ Drop the percent sign (i.e . %) and divide the number Let a and b be two numbers and we want to know :
what per c\ent of a is b ?
X X
by 100. Thus, x¾ =
100 . Let x% of a be equal to b. Then,
100 x a = b

36 9 100 b
⇒ x=b x - - ⇒ X = - 100
i.e. 36 % == 100 = 25 · a a
X

CONVER SION OF A FRACTION INTO A Thus, bis (;x100 ) % of a.

PERCEN T & VICE VERSA
Ex.3 Express 75 paise as a per cent of Rs 5.
❖ To convert a fractio n into a percent we multiply the Sol. We have, Rs. 5 = 500 paise
Let x% of Rs. 5 be 75 paise .
fraction by 100. . 0
Multiply the fraction by 100 and put the percent sign 1/o Then , x% of Rs. 5 = 75 paise
⇒ x% of 500 paise = 7 5 paise
to obtain the required per cent.
X
⇒
Thus, f (f
== x 100 ) %
1
OO X 500 : 7 5

75 x 100
⇒ x= ⇒ x = 15.
4 - ( ix 100)=80% . 500
For example : 5 5- Hence, 15% of Rs 5 is 75 pnise.

❖ To convert a ratio into a percent, we wri te it as a fraction

❖ Percent Increase and Decrease
The percent increase of a quantity is :
and multiply it by 100.

6 _ (~x 100 ) % = 120 %. - Increase

----- - , 100) <l '0
For example : 6 : 5 = 5- 5 ( Original value '
ent into a decimal, we drop percent The percent decreAsc of a quantity is :
❖ To convert a perc . I point two places to the
sign (%) and shift the dec1ma Deicrflase
. ◄ )
( Ong1nal value )( ,00 0/.
10
left.
 Ex.4 If the price of toy car is increase from Rs. 1200 to Rs. ❖ If A is r % more the B, then 8 i
1500, then find the percentage Increase in amount. s 1ess than A.
r x 100 o b.
Sol. Increase in value = Rs. 1500 - Rs.1200 = Rs 300. [ (100 + r) ] 1/o. Y
Jhe percentage increase in amount
❖ If A is r % less than B, then B is m
300 ore tha
= -- x100% =25% _ r _ x100]0, n A. br :
1200 [ (100 -r) 0
' ·
❖ To increase a number by k%, multiply It by (1 + k%); Results on Population : Let the popular
To decrease a number by k%, multiply It by (1 - k¾). be P now and suppose it increases a:°n Of at°'i
r % per annum, then : th e rate II\
Ex.5 Find 10% more than Rs. 90. Of
Sol. 10% more than Rs. 90 = (1+10 %) 90 =1.1 x 90
= Rs. 99.
❖ Population after n years = P(1 + ~)"
100
Ex.& Find 20 % less than Rs. 70.
Sol. 20 % less than Rs. 70 = (1 - 20 %) 70 = 0.8 x 70
❖ Population n years ago = P
= Rs. 56
1+-r)" .

I WORD PROBLEM~
( 100
Results on Depreciation : Let the present v
1
machine be P. Suppose it depreciates at th aue of a
Ex.7 When 50 is added to the 50% of a number, then the r % per annum. Then : e rate of
number becomes itself. Then, what will be the number ?
X X ❖ Value of the machine after n years = p (1--!._)"
2 = 50 => X = 100.
Sol. 50 +
2 =X => . 100

Ex.8 55% of the population of a town are males. If the total

population of the town is 64100, find the population of ❖ Value of the machine n years ago = P
females in the town. 1
• ( - 1~0r
Sol. We have,
Population of the town = 64100. Ex.10 If the price of Sugar rises by 25%, by what% afa .

55
reduced his consumption so that the expenditure
not change.
1
d:;
55% of the population = x 64100 =35255.
100
It is given that 55% of the population are males.
1O 251 x100}1,
Sol. Reduction in Cor,_sumption = [( :
Number of males = 35255

~~
Hence, number of females in the town
= Total population - No. of males : [1 X 100 ] %: 2Q%
=64100 - 35255 =28845. Ex.11 A candidate should score 45% marks of the total
Ex.9 In an election, out of 75000 eligible voters, 50000 cast marks to pass the examination. He gets 520 marks
their votes. What was the percentage of people casting and fails by 20 marks. Then find the total marks inthe
votes? examination.
Sol. We have, Total number of eligible voters= 75000. Sol. Let the total marks = m.
Number of voters casting their votes = 50000. According to question
45% of m = 520 + 20
:. Percentage of voters casting their votes
- 45
50000 200 => - x m = 540
: 75000 X 100: J .= 66.66 100

Hence, 66.66% voters cast their votes. 540 x100

=> m = = 1200.
45 11
Important result based on percentage :
Ex.12 A village having population 36,300 and it is growing
❖ If the price of a commodity increase by r %, then the at the rate of 10% p.a . Find population of village two
reduction in consumption so as not to increase the years ago.

36300
•
expenditure · .· [ ( r + r) x100]o
Is ¼ Sol. Population 2 years ago - .
100
(1 + ~ )2
100
❖ If the price of a commodity decreases by r %, then the
increase in consumption so as not to decrease the 36300 36300x1 00
= ( 11 )2 = 121
expenditure is : [ (10; _ , x 100] % 10
1
= 30,000.
_ lllllOJ::lCcu::i
 percentage a
12. The price of wheat falls by 16%. By what
EX ER CI SE person can Increase the consumption of whea
t so that
his overall budget does not change ?
1. What percentage of 656 is 41 o ? (B) 18%
(B) 60.5 % (A) 16%
(A) 63.5 % (D) 19%
(D) 62.5 % (C) 18.5%
(C) 64.5 %
Albert earned
a number is 13. Peter earned 40% more money than Albert.
2. Two - fifth_of one-third of three-seventh of d more than Michael
20% less than Michael. Peter earne
15. What Is 40 percent of that number ?
(B) 84 by:
(A) 72 (B) 12%
(D) 140 (A) 10%
(C) 105 (D) 25%
(C) 20%
es to its
3 A number, when 35 is subtracted from it, reduc milk should
num ber? 14. Milk contains 5% water. What quantity of pure
80 percent. What is four-fifth of that 2%.
(B) 90 be added to 10 litres of milk to reduce this to
(A) 70 (B) 7 litres
~1~ (A) 5 liters
~1W (D) None of these
(C) 15 liters
If A is 20% more than B, by what percent is s less
than A ?
4. the sales
(B) 26.36% . 15. Sales tax on cloth is reduced by 10% but
(A) 16.66% ue earned
(D) 27.27% increase by 10%. What is the effect on the reven
(C) 9.09%
as sales tax ? 1
A obtained (B) Increases by 5.5%
5. Passing percentage marks in an exam is 40. (A) Remains the same
nt did he fail ? (D) Decreases by1%
72 out of 200. By what perce (C) Decreases by 5.5.%
(A) 8 (B) 5
to Rs.2100.
(D) 16 16. A and B's [Link] are together equa l
(C) 4 70%. If their
A spends 80% of his salary and B spends
it must be what is A's
6. In order to compute 0.15 % of a number, savings are now in the proportion of 4:3,
multiplied by : salary?
(A) 0.0015 (B) 0.015 (A) Rs.900 (B) Rs.980
{C) 0.15 (D) 1.5 (D) Rs.1400
. (C) Rs.1200
A man spends 75% of his income. If
his income is than 8 and 8
7. 17. In an examination, A gets ·10% marks less
expenditure
increased by 20% and he increased his gets 10% marks less than C. If A gets 810 marks, what
g inqre ased ?
by 10%. By wha t% will savin marks does C get ?
(A) 50% (B) 55% (B) 945
(A) 900
(C) 25% (D) 60% (D) 1000
(C) 973 .
a second
8. If 25% of a num ber is subtracted from 18. 30% of 28% of 480 is the same as :
ces to its
num ber, the seco nd num ber redu (A) 15% of 56% of 240 (B) 60% of 28% of 240
er to the
five-sixth . What is the ratio of the first numb (C) 60% of 56% of 240 (D) None of these
second number ? [Link] is increased by
(A) 1 : 3 (B) 2: 3 19. If the cost of the book worth
(D) Data inadequate Rs.25, the rate of increase is:
(C) 3: 2
(A) 25% (B) 20%
marks to pass.
9. A student has to obtain 33 % of the total (C) 50% (D) 10%
He got 125 mark s and faile d by 40 marks. The 1
12 % of his
maximum marks are : 20. A men spends Rs.3500 and save 2
(8) 500 hly income is :
(A) 300 income. His mont
(D) 1000 (B) Rs.3800
(C) 800 (A) Rs.4000
votes in an election (C) Rs.4200 (D) Rs.4500
10. 10% of the voters did not cast their
polled were
between two candidates. 10 % of the votes in English 42%
l cand idate got 54 % of the 21. In an examination 52% candidates failed
found invalid. The successfu ntage of those
of 1620 votes . The in Maths and 17% in both . The perce
:1 valid votes and won by majority
was : passed in both the subjects is :
number of voters enrolled on the voter's list
I (B) 33000 (A) 23% (8) 40%
I
(A) 25000 (0) 33%
(D) 40000 (C) 53%
(C) 35000
20% and then
s. B scored 22. The price of an item is increased by
11 . A scored 30% marks and failed by 15 mark as compared to
than those decreased by 20%, the final price
40% marks and obtained 35 marks more
percentage is : original price Is :
required to pass. The pass (8) 4% more
(8) 38 % (A) 4% less
(A) 33 % (D) 20% more
(D) 46 % (C) 20% less
(C) 43 %
 a
20 % and 31 . Rajmal sold 40 qulntals of sugar through n ar,
23. The numerator of a fraction is incre ased by the rate of Rs. 600 per quint at. He alf Dv,, ,
;i~r~ ~
of
its denominator be diminished by 10 %. The value , , h am <ri
fr t' . . comm Iss Ion to t e agen t. The Our,!
16 . , ,
new fraction is 27 ' then the ac ,on ,s .
tf
commIssIon earned by the agent is :
3 (NTSE-Stage-1/HimacL ,,a112
4 (8) -
(A)- 2 (A) Rs .480 (B) Rs.46Q U'JJJ
9
9 (C) Rs .500 (D) Rs.s10
(D) -
4
be ~du Iterated er f
24. A sample of 5 fitre of glycerine is found to 32. In a bus depot, it was found that the numb
to the extent of 20 %. Find how much glycerine
should acquired in 2007 is 6 more than that of in 'l~
~~
.t.: [Link] •
of impu rity to 5 %.
be added to bring down percentage 40% more than the number of buse s acquir~d.in2v
or~
(8) 25 litre /..
(A) 10 litre Number of buses acquired in 2005 .and 2QC€ are: It,..
(D) 20 litre
(C) 15 litre same, how many buses were acquired in 200 7
? -

25. The daily wages of a worker increased by 20%

but the {NTSE-Stage-l/Bang,dorf2..,
by 20%. (8) 27 ~-J
number of hours worked by him also dropped (A) 33
then his
If originally he was getting Rs 200 per week (C) 21 (D) 15
wages per week now is : ·
33. If cost qf an object in increased by 40% and
~

(A) Rs.160 (8) Rs.192 1

~· ~
ir,=- -·
(C) Rs.210 (D) Rs.198 decreased by 20%. Find cost of the object than
cost in {NTSE-Stage-l/H aryana12c(;
26. If A is 25% of B then what % is B of A? (A) 20% more (8) 20% less J
(A) 40 (8) 400
(C) 12% more (0) 12% less
(C) 20 (D) 140
34. In an examination there were 1100 Boys and
900 G;~ts.
Then y is
27. Let x and y be two numbers such that x = 6y. inatcri.
50% of the boys and 40 % girls passed the exam
less then x by :
(A) 50% (8) 60% The percentage of candidates who failed is :
1 {NTSE-Stage - I/M.PJ2COS )
(C) 75% (0) 83-% (A) 45% (8) 54.5%
3
(C) 45.5% (0 )_55%
fra~tio n a
28. The price of sugar rises by 50%. By what
milk. In sc
family reduces the consumption of suga r, so
that its 35. A mi~ure of water and milk conta ins 80%
litres of such a mixture, how many litres of
water is
expenditure does not increases ?
, (NTSE Stage-l/Raj ./2007) required to increase the percentage of water to
so~; ?
1 {NTSE Stag e-l/RajJ2010 )
(B) 3. (8) 30 litre
(A) 45 litre
2 (0 ) 15 litre
(D) - (C) 20 litre
(C) _! 3
2 less than
36. Two numbers are respectively 25% and 40%
29. If half of x is y and one-third of y is z then : a third number. What percent is the second of the
first?
(NTSE-Stage-l/Bangalore/2007) {NTSE Stage-l/Raj./2011 )
(8) Z = 16.66% of X
(A)z =6% ofx (A) 90% (8) 80%
(0) z = 30% of x
(C) z = 60% of x (C) 70% (0) 60%
4 5
.
30. Total percentage by which 5 of 70 less then 7
of 112 : 37. 36 Seconds, is what percentage of one hour?
{NTSE Stage-l/Raj./201Z)
(NTSE Stage -I/Haryana/2007)
(A)6 (8) 0.1
(B) 30%
(A)42% (C) 0.01 (0 ) 1
(0) 36%
(C) 24%
 I PROFIT ANO LOS ~
PROFIT AND LOSS

❖ If the S.P. of two object s are equal and one of them

is
is
l
sold at x¾ profi t and other is at x¾ loss then there
Cost Price : The price at wh ich an article is made is
2
❖ Comm on Loss or Gain% )
always a loss of = (
known as its cost price . The cost price is abbreviated 10
asC.P. x2
is = 100 %.
❖ Sellin g Price : The price at which an article is sold
is
known as its sellin g price . The sell ing pri ce ❖ Two successive ~iscounts of x¾ and y% allowed
on
abbreviated as S.P. · lent to a single discou nt of
an item are equiva
r
❖ Profit: If the selling price (S.P.) of an article is greate
than the cost price (C .P.), then the difference betwe
en ( x + y - ~100 ) o,/O,
the selling price and cost price is called Profit. of
❖ NOTE : This discount is always less than the sum
❖ Loss : If the selling price (S.P.) of an article is less than individual discou nts.
cost
the cost price (C.P.), the differe nce between the Ex.1 If the manu factur er ga ins 10% on an article
, the
price (C.P.) and the selling price (S.P.) is called Loss. retaile r 25%, then
wholesale dealer gain 15% and the
find the cost of production of a table whose retail price
❖ Gain= S.P. -C.P., if S.P. > C.P.
is Rs. 1265 ?
❖ Loss = C.P. -S.P. , if C .P. > S.P. Sol. Let the cost of produ ction of the table be Rs. x.
Then , 125% of 115% of 11 0% of x = 1265
Gain x 100 Loss x 100
❖ Gain %= , Loss%= - - -- ⇒ 125 X 115 X 110 x X = 1265
C.P. C.P.
100 100 100
100 + Gain%
x C.P. 253
•!• S.P. = ⇒ X = 1265
100 160

100 - Loss%
•!• S.P. = - -- - - )( C.P. X= ( 1265 x1 60) =Rs. BOO.
⇒
I
100 253
one he
❖ When the selling price and gain perce nt are given,
then Ex.2 A man sold two flats for Rs.675958 each. On
gains 16% while on the other he loses 16 %. How
100 or lose in the whole
much perce ntage does he gain
C.P. = 100 + Gain% x S.P.
transaction ?
2
❖ When the selling price and loss perce'nt are given, then Comm on Loss or Gain% )
Sol. Loss% = (

c~r
100 10
C.P. = 100 - Loss% x S. P.
= %= ( ~: )%=2 .56% .

I01scoutfr} Ex.3 A man bought toffees at 3 for a rupee. How mar.y

for a rupee must he sell to gain 50% ?
toffees

tion
Disco unt mean s red~c tion in the price. This reduc Sol. C.P. of 3 toffee s= Rs. 1
is alway s given on th e ma rked p ri ce (M.P. ) or S.P. of 3 toffee s = 150% of Rs.1
List price (LP.). 3
= Rs. .
ate 2
❖ When discou nt is offere d on an article , then we calcul
3
the selling price (S.P.) as : For Rs. toffees sold = 3.
2
S .P. = Marke d price - Disco unt.

Discount = Marke d price - Sellin g price

3
For Rs .1, toffees sold= ( x ¾) = 2.
❖
articles.
Ex.4 The C.P of 21 article s is equal to S.P. of 18
M.P. x Rate of discou nt
Find the gajn or loss percent.
❖ Discount% = 100 Sol. Let C.P. of each article be Rs.1.
_ ( 100 - Discou nt %) Then , C.P. of 18 article s = Rs.18.
❖ S .P. -M.P. x 100 S.P. of 18 article s = Rs.21 .

❖ M P. - - --
100x S.P.
--:--:::-
. • - - 100 - Discount %
Gain% = ( / 8 x 100) % = 16¾ %.
 Ex.1o A man bought a horse and a carriage f
ains the selling of
He sold the horse at a gain of 20 % and th or Rs. ~
1
Ex.5 By selling 33 metres of cl0th• one g
11 metres. Find the gain percent. a loss of 10 %, there by gaining 2 % on thee cartia 9~ •
Sol. (S.P of 33 m)-(C.P. of 33 m) = Gain S.P. of 11 m. the cost of the horse. . Whole• "·
r1
~
:. S.P. of 22 m = C.P. of 33 m. Sol. Let the C.P. of the horse·be Rs. x. 11<1

Let C.P. of each metre be Rs.1. Then, C.P. of the carriage = Rs. (3000- x).
Then, C.P. of 22 m = Rs. 22. :. 20 % of x - 1o % of (3000 - x) = 2 % of 3000
and, S:P. of 22 m = Rs. 33. ⇒ . ~ _ (3000 - x) = 60 ·

:. Gain% = G~ x 100) % = 50%.

5 10
⇒ 2X - 3000 + X = 600
th ⇒ 3x= 3600
Ex.6 A vendor bought bananas at 6 for Rs.10 and sold em
⇒ x= 1200.
at 4 for Rs.6. Find his gain or loss percent.
2 Hence, C.P. of the horse = Rs.1200
Sol. Suppose, number of bananas bought= L.C.M.(6, 4) = 1 ,

C.P. = Rs.(~O x12) = Rs.20;

S.P.=Rs. (¾x12) =Rs.18. 1; Sam purchased 20 dozens of toys at the rate
01
Rs.375 per dozen. He sold each one of them at 1h ~
·
rate of Rs.33. What was his percentage profit? e r
Loss%= ( 2~ x100)% = 10·%.
(A) 50.6% (8) 5.6% r • I
(C) 4.6% (D) 6.5% ~
Ex.7 At what percentage above the C.P. must an article be
marl<ed so as to gain 33% after allowing a customer a . f 1
2. A shopkeeper expects a ga,n o 22 2 % on his cost
discount of 5%.
Sol. Let C.P. = Rs. 100. Then S.P. = Rs.133. price. If in a week, his sale was of Rs. 392, what Was
Let marl<ed price be Rs.x. his profit ? ·
Then 95% of x = 133 (A) Rs. 28 (8) Rs. 70
95 (C) Rs. 72 (D) Rs. 88.25
⇒ x= 133
100
3. If the cost price of 12 pens is equal to the selling price
⇒ x= (133x ~050) = 140. of 8 pens, the gain percent is :
2 1
Hence, percentage above the C.P. of an article be (A) 66 - % (8) 333%
3
marl<ed as= 140- 100 = 40%. (D) 25 %
(C) 50 %
Ex.8 A tradesman sold an article at a loss of 20 %. If the
4. If the selling price of 50 articles is equal to the cost
selling price had been increased by Rs. 100, there
price of 40 articles, then the loss or gain percent is :
would have been a gain of 5 %. What was the cost
(A) 20 % loss . (8) 20 % gain
price of the article ?
(C) 25 % loss (D) 25 % gain
Sol. Let the C.P. be Rs. x.
80 4x 5. Find a single discount equivalent to the series of two
111 S.P. = 80% ofx = 100 x= 5 .
discounts of 15 % and 4 %.
P --105o/co Of X-- 100
2nds •• 10s X- 21 X.
- 20 (A)20 % (B) 21.6 %
(C) 25 % (D) 18.4 %
AT.Q.
21 4 6. A man buys eggs at 2 for Rs. 1 and an equal number at
20 x_ 5x = .100
3 for Rs.2 and sells the whole at 5 for Rs.3. His gainor
⇒ X = !OX 100 loss percent is :
⇒ x= 400 2 6 .
(A) 2 % loss (8) 3 % gain
Hence, C.P. = Rs. 400. 7 7
2 6 .
Ex.9 Find the single discount equivalent to a series discount (C) 3
7 % loss (D) 2
7 % gain
of 20%, 10% and 5%. 3nd
Sol. Let marked price be Rs. 100. 7. · A man bought some oranges at Rs.1 Oper dozen
Then, net S.P. = 95% of 90% of 80% of Rs.100. bought the same number of oranges at Rs. 8 per dozen.
He sold these oranges at Rs.11 per dozen and gain~
95 90 80 )
= Rs. ( 100 x 100 x 100 x1 00 Rs.1 20. The total number of oranges bought by hi
was : ·
= Rs. 68.40.
(A) 30 dozens (8) 40 dozens
:. Required discount= {100 - 68.40%) = 31 .6%.
(C) 50 dozens (D) 60 dozens
I 8. Padam purchas ed 30 kg of rice at the rate of 18. A sold a commodity to B with 10% profit. If B resold the
Rs.17.50 / kg and another 30 kg rice at a certain rate. He same commodity to A with a loss of 10%, then A will
mixed the two and sold the entire quantity at the rate of (NTSE Stage-l/Raj./2007)
have:
Rs.18.60 I kg and made 20 % overall profit. At what price (B) 11 % loss
(A) 1% loss
per kg did he purchase the lot of another 30 kg rice ? (D) 11 % profit
(B) Rs.13.50 (C) 1% profit
(A) Rs.12.50
(C) Rs.14.50 (D) Rs.15.50 19. If the selling price of 5 articles is same as the cost
price of 6 articles then the gain percentage is :
9. A dishonest dealer professes to sell his goods at cost
(NTSE Stage-I/Delhi/2008)
price. But he uses a false weight and thus "ains
l:I
a.!.!!.
47 ,o.
o, (A) 1% (8) 5%
For a kg, he uses a weight of: (C) 10% (D) 20%
(8) 947 gm ·
(A) 940 gm 20. A single discount equivalent to a single discount series
gm (D) 960 gm
(C) 953 of25 % , 20 %, 10 % is: (NTSE Stage -I/Haryana/2008)
(A)46 (8)55
10. A man buys an article for 10 % less than its value and
(D) 45
sells it for 10 % more than its value. His gain or loss (C) 54
percent is:
21. Some toffees are bought at the rate of 11 for Rs.1 O and
(A) no profit, no loss (B) 20 % profit
the same number at the rate of 9 for Rs. 10. If the
, (C) less than 20 % profit (D) more than 20 % profit
whole is sold at the rate of one rupee per toffee, the
11. The cash differen ce between the selling prices of an gain/loss on the whole transaction is :
articie at a profit of 4 % and 6 % is Rs. 3. The ratio of the (NTSE Stage -t/Bihar/2009)
two selling prices is : (A) Loss 1 % (B) Loss 5 %
(A) 51 : 52 (B) 52: 53 (C) Gain 2 % (D) Gain 5 %
(C) 51 : 53 (D) 52: 55
22. What price should a shopkee per Gopal mark on a chair
12. By selling an umbrell a for Rs. 300, a shopkeeper gains which costs him 1200 so as to gain 12 % after allowing
20 %. During a clearanc e sale, the shopkeeper allows a discoun t of 16 % ? - (NTSE Stage -t/Bihar/2009)
a discoun t of 10 % on the marked price. His gain (A) Rs. 1550 (B) Rs. 1600
percent during the sale is : (C) Rs. 1800 (D) Rs. 1650
(A)7 (B) 7.5
(C) 8 (D) 9 23. A man sells an article at a loss of 10 %. If he had bought
it at 20 % less and sold it for Rs. 44 more, he would
13. At what price should a shopkeeper mark a radio that
have gained 40 %. The cost price of the artide is :
costs him Rs. 1200 in order that he may offer a discount of (NTSE Stage-·I /RajJ20 09)
20 % on the marked price and still make a profit of 25 % ?
(A) Rs.150 (B) Rs.200
(A) Rs. 1675 (B) Rs. 1875
(D) Rs. 2025 (C) Rs. 250 (D) Rs. 400
(C) Rs. 1900

14. Peter bought an item at 20 % discoun t on its original

24. If the selling price of 12 articles is equal to the cost price
price. He sold it with 40 % increase on the price he of 15 articles, thei:, the percentage gain or loss is :
(NTSE Stage. I/RajJ2010)
bought it. The new sale price is by what percent more
(A) 25 % gain (8) 25 % loss
than the original price ?
(A} 7.5 % (B) 8 % (C) 30 % gain (D) 30 % loss
(C) 10 % (D) 12 %
25. Sheela buys 2 books for Rs. 182. She sells one at a
15. Varun got 30 % concess ion on the labelled price of an loss of 5 % and another at a profit of 8 % . But she
article and sold it for Rs. 8750 with 25 % profit on the neither gains nor loses on the whole. Find the price of
price he bought. What was the labelled price ? book which has sold at a profit :
(A} Rs. 10,000 (B) Rs. 12,000 . (NTSE Stage. lfRaj./2011)
(C} Rs. 16,000 (D) Data inadequ ate (8) Rs. 85
(A) Rs. 112
(C) Rs. 70 (D) Rs. 120
16 A fruit seller losses 1O % by selling 26 oranges for
Rs. 25. The number of oranges he should sell for Rs. 5 26. A cow and a buffalo were bought for Rs . 8000/- each.
each to gain 17 % is : (NTSE-Stage-l/Kerala/2006) There was a loss of 4 % on the buffalo and a profit of
(A) 4 (B) 5
8 % on the cow. Find the gain or loss percent, on the
(C) 6 (0) 8 (NTSE Stage- l/Raj./20 12)
whole transac tion .
17. If the selling price of 8 articles is equal to the cos! price (A} loss of 4 % (8) Gain of 4 %
of 10 articles, then the gain or loss percent age 1s : (C) loss of 2 % (0) Gain of 2 %
(NTSE Stage-l/Raj./20 07)
10 8 10-8
(A) T x 100 gain (8) - -x100 loss
8
10 8 10 -8 00
(C) ~ x 100 gain (D)
10 x 1 loss

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