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13.1 Adding and subtracting efficiently
We often do mathematical calculations at home, in the community,
at school or at work.
Look at the picture. Which activities involve addition and subtraction?
Discuss your ideas with your partner.
13.1 Adding and subtracting
efficiently
We are going to . . .
• use a column method of calculation to add or subtract whole numbers.
In this unit, you will add and subtract whole
numbers. You will revise methods you used earlier Menu
this year and extend them to include using a
column method.
Sandwiches $4.00
Salad $3.50
Being able to add and subtract quickly is a useful
skill for everyday life. You might use addition to Pasta $5.00
work out how much it costs to buy lunch in a café. Fruit $1.25
Orange juice $1.50
carry efficient Milk $2.00
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Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
13 Addition and subtraction
Worked example 1
Work out 367 – 185.
Method 1
100s 10s 1s Decompose the numbers.
367 300 + 60 + 7
–185 = − 100 + 80 + 5
367 200 + 160 + 7 You need to regroup to
–185 = − 100 + 80 + 5 subtract the tens.
367 Subtract and then compose
−185 = 100 + 80 + 2 the parts.
= 182
Method 2
100s 10s 1s Write the numbers in columns.
3 6 7
–1 8 5 Subtract the ones:
2 7 ones − 5 ones = 2 ones
100s 10s 1s Regroup to subtract the tens:
2
3 1
6 7 3 hundreds and 6 tens is the same as 2 hundreds
−1 8 5 and 16 tens
1 8 2
Subtract the tens:
16 tens − 8 tens = 8 tens
Subtract the hundreds:
2 hundreds − 1 hundred = 1 hundred
Answer: 182
158
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
13.1 Adding and subtracting efficiently
Exercise 13.1
For each of these questions, estimate the size of the answer then complete
the calculation.
1 a Find the sum of 456 and 789.
b What is the total of 763 and 869?
c What is 678 more than 456?
2 a Subtract 456 from 789.
b Find the difference between 678 and 923.
c 906 minus 858.
A number of different words can be used instead of ‘add’ and
‘subtract’. Some of these words have been used in questions 1 and 2.
Can you think of other ways to write these calculations?
3 What is the difference between 1000 and the smallest 3-digit number
that does not use the digit 0?
4 Write the missing number. You can use any method.
457 + = 713
5 Spot the mistakes and then do the calculations correctly.
a b
100s 10s 1s 100s 10s 1s
8 8 2 5 3 1
– 4 3 5 + 2 7 8
4 5 3 7 0 9
1
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Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
13 Addition and subtraction
6 Naomi has six digit cards.
1 2 3 4 5 6
She makes two 3-digit numbers and adds them together.
a What is the largest total Naomi can make?
b What is the smallest total she can make?
Discuss your answer with a partner.
Think like a mathematician
The numbers 1 to 9 are arranged as they
are on a calculator.
•
Choose a line of three numbers, for 7 8 9
example 753.
• Reverse the numbers: 357.
•
Add the numbers and record 4 5 6
the result.
•
Repeat the instructions with other lines
of three numbers. 1 2 3
What do you notice about the results?
• You will show you are specialising when you
find solutions to the problem.
• You will show you are generalising when you recognise patterns in your results.
• If you explain your results, you will show you are convincing.
Look what I can do!
I can estimate the size of an answer before I do the calculation.
I can add numbers using an efficient method.
I can subtract numbers using an efficient method.
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Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.