The 6 Basic Fundamentals in Volleyball
What is Volleyball?
● A popular team sport played with a ball and a net.
● Played both indoors and on beaches.
● Objective: Send the ball over the net to land in the opponent's court.
Serving
The serve initiates play by propelling the ball from behind the end line into the
opponent's court. It is the first offensive action in volleyball.
How to Execute:
● Stance: Position behind the baseline with feet shoulder-width apart.
● Toss: For an overhand serve, toss the ball slightly in front of you and at a
comfortable height.
● Contact: Strike the ball with an open palm, ensuring a clean, controlled hit.
● Follow-through: Extend your arm fully in the direction of the target for accuracy
and power.
TYPES OF SERVING
Underhand Serve: Simple, low-power serve often used by beginners.
Overhand Serve: A powerful and versatile serve used at competitive levels.
Jump Serve: Advanced serve incorporating a jump to deliver increased power and speed.
Float Serve: A no-spin serve that moves unpredictably, making it harder to receive.
PASSING
Passing, or bumping, involves using the forearms to receive and control a ball, typically
following a serve or a strong attack.
How to Execute:
● Stance: Feet shoulder-width apart, knees bent, and weight forward on the balls of
the feet.
● Hand Position: Join hands together, with thumbs parallel to create a flat forearm
platform.
● Contact: Allow the ball to make contact on the flat part of the forearms; avoid
swinging the arms.
● Guidance: Direct the ball upward toward the setter with controlled movement.
TYPES OF PASSING
Forearm Pass: Standard technique for low balls or hard serves.
Overhead Pass: Used for higher balls, similar to setting.
SETTING
Setting involves using the fingertips to push the ball into the air, typically preparing it for
a teammate to spike.
How to Execute:
● Stance: Position yourself under the ball, feet shoulder-width apart, knees slightly
bent.
● Hand Position: Form a triangle with thumbs and index fingers above the forehead.
● Contact: Use fingertips to push the ball upward rather than palms.
● Follow-through: Extend arms upward, finishing with fully extended fingers.
TYPES OF SETTING
Front Set: Directs the ball forward to a hitter.
Back Set: Sends the ball behind the setter.
Jump Set: Performed while airborne to quicken the pace of play.
ATTACKING ( SPIKING)
A spike is a powerful offensive move where the ball is struck downward into the
opponent's court.
How to Execute:
● Approach: Use a 3-step or 4-step run-up to gain momentum.
● Jump: Propel yourself upward using both legs.
● Arm Swing: Pull your dominant arm back, then swing forward to contact the ball
with an open hand.
● Contact: Snap the wrist downward to direct the ball into the opponent's court.
● Follow-through: Continue arm movement across the body.
TYPES OF ATTACKING ( SPIKING)
Power Spike: A hard, fast hit aimed at scoring quickly.
Tip: A soft touch to place the ball just over the blockers.
Roll Shot: A controlled, slower attack to clear blockers.
BLOCKING
Blocking is a defensive action where players jump near the net to prevent or deflect the
opponent's spike.
How to Execute:
● Stance: Stand close to the net with feet shoulder-width apart and knees bent.
● Jump: Propel yourself vertically with arms fully extended above the net.
● Hand Position: Keep fingers spread wide, angled slightly forward.
● Contact: Redirect the ball downward into the opponent's court.
TYPES OF BLOCKING
Single Block: One player attempts to block the ball.
Double Block: Two players combine for greater coverage.
Triple Block: Three players form a wall for maximum defense.
DIGGING
Digging is a defensive technique used to prevent the ball from hitting the floor after a
spike or hard hit.
How to Execute:
● Stance: Adopt a low, ready position with knees bent and weight forward.
● Hand Position: Join hands together, similar to passing, to create a flat surface.
● Contact: Use forearms to absorb the impact and direct the ball upward.
● Diving: If necessary, dive with control to save the ball.
TYPES OF DIGGING
Forearm Dig: Standard technique for low, hard-driven balls
Overhand Dig: For balls coming at a higher trajectory.
Pancake Dig: Extending a flat hand to the floor to prevent the ball from touching the
ground.