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Understanding Inheritance Patterns in Genetics

The document discusses various inheritance patterns including Mendelian traits, incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, and polygenic inheritance. It explains how genes interact with the environment and the role of chromosomes in inheritance, highlighting the process of meiosis in creating genetic diversity. Key examples illustrate these concepts, such as flower color in snapdragons and fur color in rabbits.

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CHRISTINA SHIN
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6 views4 pages

Understanding Inheritance Patterns in Genetics

The document discusses various inheritance patterns including Mendelian traits, incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, and polygenic inheritance. It explains how genes interact with the environment and the role of chromosomes in inheritance, highlighting the process of meiosis in creating genetic diversity. Key examples illustrate these concepts, such as flower color in snapdragons and fur color in rabbits.

Uploaded by

CHRISTINA SHIN
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Science ( April 2o - SAC test )

Lesson 3
1. How Are Most Traits Inherited?

• Mendel’s traits : based on simple dominant and


recessive alleles.

•Many traits come from complex inheritance patterns that


involve more than two alleles or are affected by other factors.

2. Incomplete Dominance

• incomplete dominance - allele : completely dominant.

• Both traits seem to be combined in the offspring.

• Example: Crossing red (RR) and white (WW)


snapdragons produces = pink (RW) flowers.

3. Codominance

• codominance : both alleles are shown equally.

• Ex: Crossbreeding a black-feathered hen with a


white-feathered rooster produces chicks that display a mix of
both black and white feathers.

4. Multiple Alleles

• Some traits are influenced by more than two alleles

( each organism inherits only two alleles)

• ex: Rabbit fur color is determined by 4 different


alleles - result in many possible coat colors.

5. Polygenic Inheritance

• Traits shaped by the interaction of several genes.

• Results in a wide range of phenotypes

• Ex : Human height and the time when plants flower


are examples of traits that change gradually

(not just “either/or” patterns)

6. How Do Genes and the Environment Interact?

• Traits can influenced by the environment

(not just genes )

• Inherited traits - come from genes (e.g., eye color).


• Acquired traits - come from experience or
environment

(e.g., language, dyed hair, calluses).

• Ex: Even if you're naturally talented at playing music,


regular practice is crucial to improve and polish your skill.

7. Genes and the Environment

• Environment ‘s affect : how genes are expressed.

• Some environmental factors can change genes

(pollution or smoking causing cancer )

• Only genetic alterations in sex cells (eggs and sperm)


can be transmitted to the next generation.

8. How Are Chromosomes, Genes, and Inheritance Related?

• Mendel -discovered genes exist

Walter Sutton- discovered they are carried on


chromosomes.

• Chromosomes are organized in pairs, with genes


located on these chromosomes.

• Offspring get one chromosome from each pair from


both of their parents.
9. Chromosomes and Inheritance

• Grasshoppers

-24 chromosomes in body cells

-12 in sex cells.

• sex cells have half the chromosomes of body cells

• Offspring traits are determined by the unique mix of


chromosomes inherited from each parent.

10. What Happens During Meiosis?

• Meiosis : a special cell division that creates sex cells


with half the number of chromosomes

• During meiosis:

1. Chromosomes line up in pairs.

2. Pairs separate into two cells.

3. Cells divide again, forming four sex cells.

• Each sex cell gets one chromosome from each pair,


which is how genetic diversity is created.

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