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Types of Systems in Analysis

The document outlines various types of systems, including physical, abstract, open, closed, man-made, formal, and informal information systems. It discusses system models such as schematic, flow, static, and dynamic models, emphasizing their characteristics and functions. Additionally, it details the roles of formal and informal information systems in organizational contexts, highlighting their importance in decision-making and problem-solving.

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7 views17 pages

Types of Systems in Analysis

The document outlines various types of systems, including physical, abstract, open, closed, man-made, formal, and informal information systems. It discusses system models such as schematic, flow, static, and dynamic models, emphasizing their characteristics and functions. Additionally, it details the roles of formal and informal information systems in organizational contexts, highlighting their importance in decision-making and problem-solving.

Uploaded by

সামিউল সুমন
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

System Analysis -2

Types of system
Dr. Md. Zahidul Islam
Professor
Dept. of ICE, IU

System analysis by Dr. Md Zahidul Islam 1


Types of System
• Systems have been classified commonly
as:
– Physical or abstract system
– Open or closed system
– “Man-made” information system
– Formal Information System
– Informal Information System

System analysis by Dr. Md 2


Zahidul Islam
Physical or abstract system
• Physical systems are tangible entities that may
be static or dynamic in operation
– For Example, the physical parts of the computer
center are the offices , desk and chairs that facilitate
operation of the computer.
• They can be seen and counted as they are static.
– In contrast, a programmed computer is a dynamic
demands or the priority of the information requested
changes.
• Abstract systems are conceptual or non physical entities.

System analysis by Dr. Md Zahidul Islam 3


System models
• A system comprises multiple views.
• Example: For the man-made systems it
may be such views as planning,
requirement (analysis), design,
implementation, deployment, structure,
behavior, input data, and output data
views.
• A system model is required to describe
and represent all these multiple views.
System analysis by Dr. Md Zahidul Islam 4
• Schematic Models
– A schematic model is a two-dimensional chart
depicting system elements and their linkages.

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Zahidul Islam
• Flow system models
– A flow system model shows the flow of the
material, energy and information that hold the
system together.
– There is an orderly flow of logic in such
models.

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System analysis by Dr. Md Zahidul Islam
• Static System Model
– This type of model exhibits one pair of
relationships such as activity-time or
cost-quantity.
– As for example our class routine
• Time schedule
• Teachers schedule
• Course schedule

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Zahidul Islam
• Dynamic System Models
– A dynamic model approximates the type of
organization or applications that analysis deal
with it.
• It depicts an ongoing, consistently changing
system
• It consists of
– 1. inputs that enter the system
– 2. the processor through which transformation takes
place
– 3. the program requires for processing
– 4. the outputs that result from processing 8
System analysis by Dr. Md Zahidul Islam
Open or closed system
• This a classification of systems which is based
on their degree of independence
• Open System
– An open system has many interfaces with its
environment.
– It permits interaction across its boundary; it receives
inputs from and delivers outputs to the outside.
– An information system falls into this category, since it
must adapt to the changing demands of the user.

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Zahidul Islam
• Five important characteristics of open system can be
identified:
– Input from outside – open system are self-adjusting and
self-regulating .
– Entropy- All dynamic systems tend to run down over time,
resulting in entropy or loss of energy.
• Open systems resist entropy by seeking new inputs or modifying the
to return to a steady system
– Process, output and cycles – Open systems produce useful
output and operates in cycles, following a continuous flow path.
– Differentiation – tendency toward a increasing specialization of
functions and a greater differentiation of their components.
– Equifinality – goals are achieved through differing courses of
action and a variety of paths.
System analysis by Dr. Md 10
Zahidul Islam
• Closed System
– It is isolated from environmental influences.
– In reality, a completely closed system is rare.
– In system analysis, organizations, applications
and computers are invariably open, dynamic
system influenced by their environment.

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Zahidul Islam
Man-Made Information System
• A man-made information system will be any collective
circuit or system that collects, processes, stores and
maintains information for a particular use.
• These information systems will be made up of hardware,
software, technology and people.
• Example –
– Management Information System (MIS)
– An MIS is a collection of people, processes and resources that
are used together in order to help managers and senior
members of staff to make effective decisions.

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• Overview of Human Resource MIS

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Zahidul Islam
Formal Information System
• A formal information system is based on
the organization represented by the
organization chart.
• Chart is a map of position and their
authority relationship, indicated by boxes
and connected by straight lines.
• It is concerned with the pattern of
authority, communication and work flow.

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Zahidul Islam
• Categories of Information – there are three categories of
information related to managerial levels and the
decisions managers make.
– The first level is strategic information
• Which relates to long-range planning policies that are of direct
interest to upper management. Example: Decision Support System
(DSS)
– The second level of information is managerial information
• It is of direct use of middle management and department heads for
implementation and control. Examples: sales analysis, cash flow
projections and annual financial statements. It is maintained by MIS
– The third level of information is operational Information
• short-term, daily information used to operate departments and
enforce the day-to-day rules and regulations of the business.
Maintained by data processing system (DPS)

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Zahidul Islam
Management Level Information Level System Support

Upper DSS

MIS

Middle

Lower
DPS

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Zahidul Islam
Informal Information System
• The informal information system is employee
based system design to meet personnel and
vocational needs and to help in the solution of
work-related problems.
• It also funnels information upward through
indirect channels.
• In this way, it is considered to be a useful system
because it works within the framework of the
business and its stated policies.

System analysis by Dr. Md 17


Zahidul Islam

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