Chapter 3 Logic Gates
Objectives
• At the end of this chapter, students should
be able to:-
– Describe the operation of the inverter (NOT gate), the
AND gate and the OR gate.
– Describe the operation of the NAND, NOR, XOR and
XNOR gates.
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Logic Gates
• The basic building block of a digital circuit is a logic
gate.
• OR, AND and NOT gates are the most basic logic gates.
• NOR, NAND, XOR and XNOR gates are constructed
using these three basic gates.
• Logic gates operate with binary numbers.
• LOW voltage
Binary 0
• +0 volt
• HIGH voltage
Binary 1
• +5 volt
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Logic Gates
NOT
XNOR AND
Basic
Gates
XOR OR
NOR NAND
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NOT Gate (Inverter)
• Inverter is a logic circuit that inverts or complements
Description its output.
• If the input is 0, the output will be 1 and vice-versa.
Symbol • A Y
Logic
• Y=A
Expression
Truth table • A (Input) Y (Output)
0 1
1 0
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AND Gate
• An AND gate can have two or more inputs and performs a logical
multiplication.
Description • It produces HIGH output only when all of the inputs are HIGH.
• In other words, the output of an AND gate is 1 if all of the inputs are 1.
• A Y
Symbol
• B
Logic
• Y = AB
Expression
Truth table • A B Y Serial Circuit
0 0 0 A B
0 1 0 Y
1 0 0
1 1 1 Lamp Y will light when both of
the input switches are closed.
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OR Gate
• An OR gate can have two or more inputs and performs a
logical addition.
• It produces HIGH output when one or more inputs are
Description HIGH.
• In other words, the output of an OR gate is 1 if any of the
inputs are 1.
• A Y
Symbol • B
Logic
Expression • Y=A +B
Truth table • A B Y Parallel circuit
A
0 0 0
B
0 1 1
Y
1 0 1
1 1 1 Lamp Y will light when either or both of
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NAND Gate
NAND gate is an AND gate followed by an inverter.
It produces LOW output only when all the inputs are HIGH.
Description In other words, the output of an AND gate is inverted to form a
NAND gate.
• A Y
Symbol
• B
Logic
• Y = A.B
Expression
Truth table • A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
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NOR Gate
NOR gate is an OR gate followed by an inverter.
Description It produces LOW output when one or more of the inputs are HIGH.
The output of an OR gate is inverted to form a NOR gate.
• A Y
Symbol • B
Logic
Expression
• Y=A +B
Truth table • A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
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Exclusive-OR (XOR) Gate
• A logic gates that produces a HIGH output only when an
Description odd number of 1s appear at the inputs.
• A Y
Symbol
• B
Logic
Expression • Y=A +B
A B Y
Truth table •
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
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Exclusive-NOR (XNOR) Gate
• A logic gates that produces a LOW output only when an
odd number of 1s appear at the inputs.
Description
• In other words, the output of an XNOR gate is the
complement of the XOR gate.
• A Y
Symbol
• B
Logic
Expression • Y=A +B
Truth table • A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
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Test Yourself
1. Derive the truth table and draw the logic circuit for the
following Boolean expressions.
a) Y = A B C b) Y = A B • AC
2. Write the Boolean expression for Y.
a) b) A
Y
A B
B
Y
C C
D
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