CHAPTER-4
ENERGY – SIMPLE MACHINE
CHECK POINT 1 [page no. 63]
Fill in the blanks.
1. Energy
2. Simple machine
3. Three
Answer these questions:- [notepad]
a) Ans:- A machine is a device which helps us to do work more easily by applying less force
and spending less energy.
b) Ans:- Yes, a machine can change the speed. For e.g., In a bicycle, the speed of moving wheels
is different from the speed with which you rotate the paddles.
c) Ans:- Lever, screw, pulley, wedge, Inclined plane, wheel and screw etc.
d) Third class lever.
CHECK POINT 2 – omitted[page no.65]
CHECK POINT 3 – [page no.69]
Answer these questions:- [notepad]
1. Ans:- Pulleys are of following three types:-
1. Single fixed pulley (b) Single movable pulley (c) Compound pulley.
2. OMITTED
3. OMITTED
4. To minimise friction, moving parts of a machine should be regularly lubricated with a good
quality lubricant. It reduces noise and wear and tear of the machinery.
5. When machine is not in use, it should be covered properly. It protects the machine from dust
and moisture.
TESTYOURSELF
A. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. OMITTED
2. COMPLEX
3. On, by
4. fulcrum
5. First class lever
6. is omitted
7. OMITTED
8. Pulley
9. OMITTED
B. Give one word for the following:-
1. Fulcrum
2. Effort
3. Output
4. OMITTED
5. Omitted
C. Define these terms: [notepad]
1. OMITTED
2. Input:- Work done (or energy supplied) on a machine
3. Output:- Work done (energy imparted) by a machine.
4. Omitted
D .Differentiate between the following:- [notepad]
1. Second Class Lever and Third Class Levers
2. Simple Machine and Complex Machine
3. OMITTED
4. Single Fixed Pulley and Single Movable Pulley
[Link]. Single Fixed Pulley Single Movable Pulley
It is fixed to a rigid support. It is not fixed to a rigid support.
1
Its mechanical advantage is one Its mechanical advantage is two.
2
The weight of pulley itself does not The weight of pulley itself reduces its
3 affect its mechanical advantage. mechanical advantage.
It is used to change the direction of It is used as force multiplier.
4 effort.
Its velocity ratio is one. Its velocity ratio is two.
5
E .Answer these questions:- [notepad]
1. State any three functions of a simple machine.
Answer:-Some important applications of a simple machine are as follows:-
(a) A machine multiplies force.
(b) A machine helps to change the direction of the force.
(c) A machine can change the speed.
(d) A machine makes the force to act at some desired point.
2. List any four types of simple machines.
Answer: - Lever, screw, pulley, wedge, Inclined plane, wheel and screw etc.
3. What is the principle of a lever? Write an expression for its mechanical advantage.
Answer: - The mechanical advantage of a lever is equal to the ratio of the effoert arm to the load
arm. This is called the principle of a lever.
Expression for mechanical advantage of lever is:
Mechanical Advantages of lever = Load L/Effort E = Effort Arm/ Load Arm
4. Describe the three types of levers. Give at least two examples of each type.
Answer: - Lever of Class I:- The levers in which the fulcrum is in between the load and the
Effort.
Lever of Class II:- The levers in which the load is in between the fulcrum and the effort.
Lever of Class III: - The levers in which the Effort is in between the fulcrum and the Load.
5. Name two simple machines in each case in which we (a) multiply force (b) apply force in
a convenient direction (c) apply force at a convenient point.
Answer: - (a) multiply force: - lever, movable pulley.
2. apply force in a convenient direction:- single fixed pulley, wedge
3. Apply force at a convenient point:- wedge, screw.
6. OMITTED
7. State the construction of a single fixed pulley. How does it help us?
Answer: - A pulley is a flat, metallic or wooden circular disc with a groove on its edge. A rope
passes through the groove. The pulley is capable of rotating around its central axis called an axle.
8. OMITTED
9. OMITTED
10. List the ways by which proper maintenance of machine can be ensured.
Answer: - Taking care of machines: Some of the ways in which machines should be cared for are
given below:
1. Machines should be kept in a clean environment, which is free from dust and moisture.
2. When not in use, machines should be kept covered to prevent collection of dust on them.
3. Machines made of iron should be protected from rust by coating them with paint.
4. The moving parts of a machine should be regularly oiled with a good-quality machine oil to
reduce friction and wear and tear. The above care of machines increases their life.
F. STATE WHEATHER THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ARE TRUE OR FALSE. IF
FALSE, REWRITE THE CORRECT FORMOF STATEMENT:- [notepad]
1. False: - A nutcracker is a second class lever.
2. False: - A machine can raise heavy load with supply of some amount of energy to it.
3. 0MITTED
4. OMITTED
5. False: - Sewing machine is a complex machine.
6. True.
7. False:- If the load arm is longer than the effort arm, the force applied by the effort will decrease.
8. OMITTED
G. MATCH THE COLUMNS:-
[Link]. COLUMN A COLUMN B
1 See-Saw 4. First class lever
2 Omitted
3 Firetongs (b) second class lever
4 Omitted
5 Omitted
6 Omitted
7 A crane lifted a load (f) pulley
H. ENCIRCLE THE ODD ONE OUT. GIVE REASONS FOR YOUR CHOICE. [notepad]
1. Beam balance:- it is an example of first class lever, while others are example of class 3 rd lever.
2. A pair of pliers:- it is an example of first class lever, while others are example of class 2 nd
lever.
3. OMITTED
4. OMITTED
5. OMITTED
I. GIVE REASON FOR THE FOLLOWING:- [notepad]
1. OMITTED.
2. Answer: - A pulley has a groove cut along its rim because the groove prevents the
rope from slipping of the disc. .
3. Answer: - The mechanical advantage of second order lever is always more than 1.
This is because the effort arm is always longer than the load arm of these levers.
4. Answer: - In third-class levers the mechanical advantage is always less than
1 because the load arm is always longer than the effort arm. In the formula it's MA=
effort divided by load which makes it less than one.
5. OMITTED.
J. NUMERICAL PROBLEMS:- OMITTED
K. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:-
1. (a) Effort
2. (d) forceps
3. (b) more than one
4. OMITTED
5. (c) apply a force in a convenient direction.
6. (a) first class lever
7. Omitted
8. (b) Useful work done by the machine.
L. DIAGRAM BASED QUESTIONS:- [notepad]
1. Figure:- 4.6 (page no. 61), 4.8 (page no. 62) and 4.10 (page no. 62)
2. Figure:- 4.18 ‘a’ (page no. 65)
3. Arrows showing the direction of effort and load.
THE END