Flora of China 13: 2–35. 2007.

1. HYPERICUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 783. 1753.

金丝桃属 jin si tao shu

Li Xiwen (李锡文 Li Hsi-wen); Norman K. B. Robson

Sarothra Linnaeus.
[Trees or] shrubs, subshrubs, or perennial herbs, glabrous or with simple hairs, with translucent (“pale”) and often opaque, black
or reddish (“dark”) glands, laminar (immersed and sometimes abaxial) and marginal or intramarginal. Leaves opposite [or whorled],
sessile or short petiolate, venation pinnate to palmate [or rarely dichotomous], margin entire or gland-fringed. Inflorescence cymose.
Flowers bisexual, homostylous [or heterostylous], stellate or cupped. Sepals 5 and quincuncial or rarely 4 and decussate, unequal or
equal, free or partly united. Petals (4 or)5, contorted, golden to lemon yellow [or rarely white], abaxially sometimes tinged or veined
red, persistent or deciduous after anthesis, usually asymmetric. Stamens in [4 or]5 fascicles, free and antipetalous, or some united to
form apparently 4 or 3 fascicles with compound fascicle(s) antisepalous, or irregular and apparently not fasciculate, persistent or
deciduous, each single fascicle with up to 70[–120] stamens; filaments slender, free from nearly base [or to 2/3 united] or apparently
completely free; anthers small, dorsifixed or ± basifixed, dehiscing longitudinally, with gland on connective; sterile fascicles (fas-
ciclodes) absent [very rare]. Ovary 3–5-loculed with axile placentae or ± completely 1-loculed with (2 or)3[–5] parietal placentae,
each placenta with [2 or] few to many ovules; styles (2 or)3–5, free or partly to completely united, ± slender; stigmas small or ±
capitate. Fruit a septicidal capsule or rarely ± indehiscent, valves often with oil-containing vittae or vesicles. Seeds small, often cari-
nate or narrowly unilaterally winged; testa variously sculptured, not arillate [very rarely carunculate]; embryo slender, straight, with
distinct slender cotyledons.
About 460 species: almost cosmopolitan except for arctic and desert areas and most of the lowland tropics; 64 species (33 endemic) in China.

Species of Hypericum are distributed nearly throughout China but are most abundant in the southwest and rare in Xinjiang.

In addition, Hypericum prolificum Linnaeus, a North American species in H. sect. Myriandra (Spach) R. Keller, has been recorded (as H. densi-
florum Pursh) from Jiangxi (Lushan).

1a. Petals and stamens deciduous after anthesis (rarely tardily); shrubs or rarely subshrubs; plant always without dark
glands.
2a. Styles completely united; anthers ± basifixed.
3a. Sepals 1–3 mm, mostly broadly ovate to oblong, usually obtuse to rounded, without distinct midvein ..... 33. H. geminiflorum
3b. Sepals 3.5–10 mm, mostly lanceolate or narrowly elliptic to linear, acute to subacute (or rarely rounded),
often with distinct midvein.
4a. Stems 4-angled or 4-winged when mature; leaves usually narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, acute to
subacute .......................................................................................................................................................... 34. H. subalatum
4b. Stems terete when mature; leaves ovate to elliptic or obovate, subacute to rounded.
5a. Sepals obovate to lanceolate, 7–10 mm, ascending in fruit; petals 10–20 mm; leaves ovate to elliptic
................................................................................................................................................................... 31. H. formosanum
5b. Sepals linear-lanceolate, 3.5–8 mm, reflexed in fruit; petals 20–28 mm; leaves elliptic to obovate ....... 32. H. nakamurae
2b. Styles free or partly united; anthers markedly dorsifixed.
6a. Leaves (at least upper) sessile, thickly leathery, without visible reticulate venation abaxially; styles free ........ 1. H. augustinii
6b. Leaves all subsessile or short petiolate or, if sessile, then visibly ± densely reticulate-veined abaxially and/or
with styles ± united.
7a. Stem prostrate to ascending or pendent, forming low mats or clumps; styles ca. as long as ovary .................... 2. H. reptans
7b. Stem erect to straggling, not mat-forming.
8a. Styles partly coherent or ± united, at least 1.4 × as long as ovary; leaves usually densely reticulate-veined
abaxially (except in 8. H. longistylum).
9a. Styles coherent in lower half at first.
10a. Leaves sessile, blade ovate-oblong to ovate, venation densely reticulate .............................................. 3. H. griffithii
10b. Leaf petiole 1.5–2 mm, blade oblong to elliptic, venation laxly reticulate ......................................... 5. H. cohaerens
9b. Styles united nearly to apex; petiole absent or to 1.5 mm (except in 4. H. monogynum).
11a. Suffrutex; petals and stamens tardily deciduous .................................................................................... 7. H. elatoides
11b. Shrub; petals and stamens soon deciduous.
12a. Leaves without visible reticulate venation abaxially, 1–3.3 cm; inflorescence always 1-flowered
........................................................................................................................................................... 8. H. longistylum
12b. Leaves densely reticulate-veined abaxially, (2–)3–11 cm; inflorescence 1–30-flowered, terminal
on long shoots.
13a. Leaves with base cuneate to rounded, or if cordate then apex rounded; leaf blade usually
broadest at or above middle ........................................................................................................ 4. H. monogynum
 CLUSIACEAE

13b. Leaves with base cordate-amplexicaul, apex acute to acuminate; leaf blade elliptic-ovate to
broadly ovate ........................................................................................................................................ 6. H. prattii
8b. Styles free, usually less than 1.4 × as long as ovary; leaves usually laxly or not visibly reticulate-veined
abaxially.
14a. Leaves sessile, densely reticulate-veined .................................................................................................... 3. H. griffithii
14b. Leaves subsessile or petiolate, laxly or not visibly reticulate-veined.
15a. Petals waxy, golden yellow; stamens 0.25–0.35 × as long as petals, densely crowded.
16a. Sepals spreading-incurved in bud and in fruit, often becoming markedly ribbed; capsule
ovoid to ovoid-conic ................................................................................................................... 11. H. hookerianum
16b. Sepals erect to spreading in bud, spreading to recurved in fruit, not ribbed; capsule narrowly
ovoid-cylindric to narrowly ellipsoid-cylindric.
17a. Leaves narrowly ovate to lanceolate, base rounded, with dense abaxial glands and short laminar
glandular streaks; sepals spreading in bud, reflexed in fruit ............................................................... 9. H. fosteri
17b. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, base cuneate, without abaxial glands, with long laminar glandular
streaks; sepals erect in bud, spreading in fruit ........................................................................... 10. H. wardianum
15b. Petals not waxy, golden to pale yellow; stamens longer than 0.35 × as long as petals or, if equal
or shorter, then not densely crowded.
18a. Sepals spreading to recurved at anthesis and in fruit; leaf venation often markedly reticulate or
at least conspicuous abaxially (except in 13. H. acmosepalum).
19a. Leaves elliptic to oblong or (lower) oblanceolate (broadest at or above middle), never triangular;
sepals deciduous or outcurving.
20a. Leaves subsessile, narrowly elliptic, markedly reticulate-veined; sepals deciduous, spreading,
ovate to elliptic, often leaflike; capsule 16–21 mm, purplish red when maturing ................... 12. H. subsessile
20b. Leaves petiolate (0.5–1.5 mm), narrowly elliptic to oblong, not reticulate-veined but with
conspicuous intramarginal vein; sepals persistent, ovate to narrowly lanceolate, not
leaflike; capsule 9–15 mm, bright red at first when maturing ........................................... 13. H. acmosepalum
19b. Leaves ovate or lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate (broadest below middle), sometimes
triangular; sepals persistent, spreading to recurved.
21a. Sepals elliptic to oblong or foliose; leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, ± triangular, with
venation (secondary and sometimes tertiary) conspicuous.
22a. Petals obovate-oblanceolate, flowers stellate; stamens ca. 3/5 as long as petals; styles
0.85–1 × as long as ovary; leaves densely glaucous abaxially, petiole 0.5–2 mm ............. 14. H. maclarenii
22b. Petals broadly obovate to obovate-suborbicular, flowers shallowly to deeply cupped;
stamens 0.35–0.4 × as long as petals; styles 0.35–0.7 × as long as ovary; leaves thinly
or not glaucous abaxially, petiole 2–4 mm ........................................................................ 15. H. choisyanum
21b. Sepals lanceolate-elliptic to lanceolate (or rarely leaflike); leaves lanceolate to oblong or
ovate, not triangular, usually without conspicuous venation.
23a. Styles shorter than ovary; inflorescence 1(–3)-flowered; leaves triangular-lanceolate to
triangular-ovate ................................................................................................................. 18. H. curvisepalum
23b. Styles ca. as long as ovary or more; inflorescence (1–)3–14-flowered; leaves
oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate to narrowly ovate.
24a. Styles outcurved distally; inflorescence branches usually relatively stout; leaf abaxial
glands usually few or none ................................................................................................ 16. H. lancasteri
24b. Styles straight or flexuous; inflorescence branches relatively slender; leaf abaxial
glands dense ......................................................................................................................... 17. H. stellatum
18b. Sepals erect and outcurving or appressed in flower and fruit; leaf venation neither visibly
reticulate nor conspicuous.
25a. Sepals with broad hyaline margin; stems erect to arching with ± numerous lateral branches, often
frondose, markedly ancipitous (2-edged) when young.
26a. Sepals entire, at least outer broadly elliptic or broadly oblong to circular, obtuse to rounded;
stems erect, not frondose ................................................................................................................ 19. H. henryi
26b. Sepals eroded-denticulate or, if entire, then elliptic or narrowly oblong to oblanceolate,
rounded to acute; stems erect or spreading, sometimes frondose.
27a. Sepals eroded-denticulate to subentire, usually apiculate, broadly elliptic to broadly ovate;
leaf apex usually apiculate-obtuse to rounded.
28a. Stems erect to arching or rarely divaricate, not frondose, ± persistently 4-lined; leaf-apex
acute to rounded but rarely apiculate; capsule 10–14 mm ...................................................... 19. H. henryi
28b. Stems spreading, sometimes frondose, soon 2-lined; leaf-apex obtuse to rounded, always
apiculate; capsule 9–11 mm .................................................................................................. 20. H. patulum
 CLUSIACEAE

27b. Sepals entire, rarely apiculate, elliptic to narrowly oblong or obovate-spatulate; leaf apex
acute to rounded-apiculate.
29a. Flower buds acute to obtuse; sepals subacute to rounded; stems erect or arching, not or only
distally frondose ....................................................................................................................... 19. H. henryi
29b. Flower buds obtuse to rounded; sepals rounded; stems arching, often frondose ................... 21. H. uralum
25b. Sepals without or with a very narrow hyaline margin; stems erect to spreading but not frondose,
not or scarcely ancipitous (2-edged) when young.
30a. Stems slender, spreading especially when young; capsules lobed or grooved.
31a. Styles 0.5–0.85 × as long as ovary; sepals with inconspicuous midvein, outcurving in
fruit; flower buds ovoid to ovoid-pyramidal, obtuse to acute ........................................ 22. H. lagarocladum
31b. Styles 1.5–1.8 × as long as ovary; sepals with conspicuous midvein, erect in fruit;
flower buds narrowly ovoid, acute to acuminate ...................................................................... 23. H. wilsonii
30b. Stems stout, erect to arching but not spreading; capsules not lobed or grooved.
32a. Styles 1.2–1.35 × as long as ovary; petals spreading to reflexed, apiculus acute; sepals
acute, spreading in fruit ...................................................................................................... 28. H. kouytchense
32b. Styles 0.6–1.1 × as long as ovary; petals incurved to spreading, apiculus obtuse to
rounded; sepals acute to rounded, spreading to erect in fruit.
33a. Sepals ± spreading in bud and sometimes in fruit; ovary and capsule narrowly cylindric-
ellipsoid to broadly pyramidal-ovoid; leaf apex acute to rounded-apiculate .......................... 24. H. beanii
33b. Sepals erect in bud and erect or incurved in fruit; ovary and capsule ovoid to subglobose
or pyramidal-ovoid; leaf apex obtuse to rounded.
34a. Leaves broadly elliptic or very broadly elliptic-oblong to orbicular, margin plane ............ 24. H. beanii
34b. Leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate or, if circular, then margin undulate.
35a. Branches spreading; sepals acute to rounded-apiculate; stamens ca. 0.4 × as long
as petals; leaves with lower 1 or 2 pairs of main lateral veins usually free .............. 25. H. addingtonii
35b. Branches erect to arching; sepals acute to rounded; stamens ca. 0.5 × as long as
petals or more, or, if relatively shorter, then sepals rounded; leaves with all main
lateral veins incurved to join next upper vein.
36a. Ovary and capsule subglobose to broadly or narrowly ovoid; leaves lanceolate to
ovate, rhombic, or subcircular; sepal margin not or scarcely hyaline.
37a. Sepals ovate to broadly elliptic, obtuse or apiculate to rounded; capsule broadly
ovoid; flowers 4–6 cm in diam.; stamens (0.5–)0.6–0.7 × as long as petals;
leaf ratio (l:w) = 1.8–2.5, base cuneate to rounded, margin plane ..................... 26. H. latisepalum
37b. Sepals narrowly elliptic or oblong to obovate, usually rounded; capsule
narrowly ovoid; flowers 2.5–3.5 cm in diam.; stamens 0.35–0.45(–0.6) × as
long as petals; leaf ratio (l:w) = 1.1–1.6, base truncate to subcordate or, if
cuneate, then margin undulate ................................................................................... 27. H. bellum
36b. Ovary and capsule pyramidal-ovoid; leaves triangular-lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong
to ± broadly triangular-ovate; sepal margin distinctly hyaline.
38a. Sepals acute to obtuse, outcurved in fruit; stems ± persistently 4-lined; leaves
usually lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong to ovate-oblong; petals spreading
to reflexed; flower buds subacute to apiculate ................................................ 29. H. pseudohenryi
38b. Sepals rounded or rarely apiculate, erect in fruit; stems soon terete; leaves
triangular-ovate or, more rarely, lanceolate or ± broadly ovate; petals incurved;
flower buds rounded ................................................................................................ 30. H. forrestii
1b. Petals and stamens persistent after anthesis; herbs; plant very often with dark glands.
39a. Styles (4 or)5; stamen fascicles 5, free; dark glands absent.
40a. Leaf apex acute to obtuse, blade mostly lanceolate to elliptic-oblong or linear; mature stem internodes
sharply 4-lined to narrowly 4-winged .................................................................................................................. 35. H. ascyron
40b. Leaf apex rounded to shallowly retuse, blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, oblong-ovate, or
triangular-oblong; mature stem internodes partially 2- or 4-lined or terete .................................................. 36. H. przewalskii
39b. Styles (2 or)3(or 4); stamen fascicles usually apparently 3 or stamens irregularly arranged; dark glands
usually present.
41a. Dark glands absent; stem internodes 4-lined or narrowly 4-winged; stamens irregularly arranged.
42a. Stamens 30–40, styles 0.7–1.8 mm; stems branching strictly from base or unbranched, not rooting;
leaves ovate-lanceolate to linear (l:w = 3–5) .............................................................................................. 63. H. gramineum
42b. Stamens 5–30, styles 0.4–1 mm; stems usually branching ± widely along most of stem, rooting at base;
leaves usually ovate or triangular-ovate to oblong or elliptic (l:w = 1.5–2.5) ............................................ 64. H. japonicum
 CLUSIACEAE

41b. Dark (black or reddish) glands present on at least sepals and/or anthers or leaves; stem internodes 2-lined
or terete; stamens usually apparently 3(or 4)-fascicled.
43a. Anther gland amber; dark glands sometimes present on leaves but not forming inframarginal row; seeds
with testa ± markedly papillose.
44a. Stem and leaves pubescent; inflorescence usually pyramidal; sepals gland-fringed; stems creeping and
rooting .......................................................................................................................................................... 62. H. hirsutum
44b. Stem and leaves glabrous; inflorescence ± cylindric or flat-topped; sepal margin with few or no glands;
stems not creeping or rooting.
45a. Inflorescence ± cylindric; stem smooth ................................................................................................ 60. H. elongatum
45b. Inflorescence flat-topped; stem scabrid with red-gland-tipped emergences ........................................... 61. H. scabrum
43b. Anther gland dark; dark glands nearly always forming inframarginal row on leaves; seeds with testa
reticulate to foveolate.
46a. Stem internodes markedly 2(or 4)-lined.
47a. Capsule valves with central linear and lateral vesicular glands; stems much branched distally with
branching divergent-ascending and black glands confined to lines .................................................... 57. H. perforatum
47b. Capsule valves with linear glands only; stems sparingly branched below inflorescence with
branching virgate and black glands not confined to lines or completely absent.
48a. Stems with dark glands, erect; capsule broadly ovoid to narrowly conic; stamens apparently
3-fascicled ......................................................................................................................................... 56. H. attenuatum
48b. Stems without dark glands, suberect to ascending; capsule broadly to narrowly ovoid; stamens
irregularly arranged.
49a. Sepals without dark laminar streaks or, if present, then apex obtuse; leaves variable in size and
shape but, if less than 15 mm, then narrow (l:w = 4–12) ............................................................. 58. H. nagasawae
49b. Sepals with dark laminar streaks, apex acute to subacuminate; leaves short (4–12 mm) and
broad (l:w = 2–3.1) ........................................................................................................................... 59. H. nokoense
46b. Stem internodes terete or rarely 2–4(–6)-lined when stems weak or slender.
50a. Leaf pairs perfoliate; capsule valves with vesicular glands only .......................................................... 37. H. sampsonii
50b. Leaf pairs free; capsule valves with longitudinal vittae only.
51a. Leaves and sometimes sepals and petals with laminar glands dark only.
52a. Sepals entire, sepals and petals 5.
53a. Leaves sessile, triangular-ovate to narrowly elliptic, not minutely papillose; stems usually
unbranched below inflorescence ..................................................................................................... 55. H. erectum
53b. Leaves petiolate, oblong to obovate, adaxially minutely papillose; stems branching from most
nodes .............................................................................................................................................. 53. H. enshiense
52b. Sepals glandular-ciliate or, if entire, then sepals and petals 4.
54a. Styles 4–5 mm; capsule broadly ovoid; uppermost leaf pair bracteose; sepals and petals 5 ........ 47. H. trigonum
54b. Styles 1.5–3 mm; capsule globose; uppermost leaf foliar; sepals and petals 4 .................. 50. H. monanthemum
51b. Leaves, sepals, and petals with laminar glands (if present) partly or completely pale.
55a. Sepals entire, oblong to ovate-oblong, obtuse (or rarely acute) to rounded, not leaflike.
56a. Leaf laminar glands mostly black ................................................................................................. 53. H. enshiense
56b. Leaf laminar glands all or mostly pale or absent.
57a. Leaves without or rarely with a few large pale or pale and dark laminar glands, main lateral
veins 2- or 3-paired .......................................................................................................................... 52. H. faberi
57b. Leaves with dense small pale laminar glands; main lateral veins 3–4-paired .................... 54. H. taihezanense
55b. Sepals dark-gland-fringed or, if entire, then acute or leaflike.
58a. Leaves with laminar glands large, prominent, dense; leaf blade usually lanceolate or narrowly
elliptic to linear or obovate; marginal glands round-topped.
59a. Sepals entire or occasionally with few glandular cilia; bracts without or with short glandular
auricles; leaves entire.
60a. Leaves with petiole 1–10 mm, base usually cuneate to angustate; sepals with few irregularly
spaced marginal glands or none; styles 1–2.5 mm, 0.7–1.3 × as long as ovary ............... 39. H. petiolulatum
60b. Leaves sessile or with broad petiole to 1 mm, base subcordate-amplexicaul to cuneate;
sepals with marginal glands in ± regular row; styles 2.5–10 mm, 1.5–3 × as long as ovary.
61a. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 5–13 mm wide; sepal and petal laminar
glands pale .......................................................................................................................... 38. H. seniawinii
61b. Leaves oblong-ovate, 10–16 mm wide; sepal and petal laminar glands black ................. 40. H. hubeiense
59b. Sepals regularly glandular-ciliate; bracts and sometimes upper leaves glandular-ciliate and
with glandular-ciliate auricles.
 CLUSIACEAE

62a. Leaves broadly ovate-oblong or broadly elliptic to suborbicular, 6–14 mm, entire, apex
rounded, without glandular auricles ....................................................................................... 44. H. kingdonii
62b. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or linear, 1–6 cm, sometimes glandular-ciliate,
apex acute to obtuse, the upper with glandular auricles.
63a. Styles ca. 1.7 mm, shorter than ovary; sepals ovate, 3–5 mm; leaves ternate .... 43. H. austroyunnanicum
63b. Styles 3–18 mm, longer than ovary; sepals lanceolate to oblong, 5–9 mm;
leaves paired.
64a. Styles 3–7 × as long as ovary, 6–18 mm; pedicels 0.5–3(–6) mm; petal laminar
glands pale ................................................................................................................. 41. H. hengshanense
64b. Styles ca. 2 × as long as ovary, 3–8 mm; pedicels 3–12 mm; petal laminar glands
all or mostly dark ........................................................................................................... 42. H. elodeoides
58b. Leaves with laminar glands small, not prominent, often sparse, or absent; leaf blade ovate
or triangular-ovate to elliptic, oblong, or circular; marginal glands flat-topped.
65a. Leaves elliptic-oblong to lanceolate and/or with glandular-ciliate margin and auricles.
66a. Ovary and capsule ellipsoid to cylindric-ellipsoid; leaves all sessile, entire; sepals
lanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic, acute, glandular-ciliate .............................................. 45. H. daliense
66b. Ovary and capsule ovoid to globose; leaves (at least upper) glandular-ciliate, lower often
petiolate; sepals broadly oblong or ± broadly elliptic, acute to obtuse, glandular-ciliate
to -laciniate ......................................................................................................................... 46. H. wightianum
65b. Leaves (triangular-)ovate to elliptic or oblong or obovate to oblanceolate, entire
(uppermost pair sometimes bracteose).
67a. Ovary and capsule ovoid (or ovary ellipsoid) to subglobose; styles 1.5–3 mm; uppermost
leaf pair leaflike.
68a. Leaves (at least uppermost) sessile; sepals with pale laminar glandular lines or, if
dark, then margin glandular-ciliate; ovary ovoid to subglobose ............................... 50. H. monanthemum
68b. Leaves all short petiolate; sepals all with dark linear laminar glands, entire; ovary
ellipsoid ......................................................................................................................... 51. H. subcordatum
67b. Ovary and capsule ± ellipsoid or, if ovoid-ellipsoid to broadly ovoid, then styles 4–5
mm; uppermost leaf pair bracteose.
69a. Styles 4–5 mm; capsule broadly ovoid; leaves all sessile, blade oblong to
triangular-ovate .................................................................................................................... 47. H. trigonum
69b. Styles 2–3 mm; capsule ± ellipsoid; some or all leaves petiolate, blade triangular-ovate
to elliptic or oblanceolate to obovate.
70a. Stem unbranched below apical node or with a few short suberect branches; styles
usually longer than ovary; sepals usually without dark laminar glands ........................... 48. H. ludlowii
70b. Stem nearly always with long ± spreading branches from up to 5 nodes; styles
usually (?always) ca. as long as ovary or less; sepals usually with dark laminar
glands ........................................................................................................................... 49. H. himalaicum
1. Hypericum sect. Ascyreia Choisy, Prodr. Monogr. Hypéric. 37. 1821.
金丝桃组 jin si tao zu
Norysca Spach.
Shrubs or subshrubs, glabrous, without dark glands or very rarely with sepals reddish glandular-ciliate (species no. 6). Leaves
usually with abaxial glands. Sepals nearly always free, margin entire or denticulate (very rarely glandular). Petals and stamens
deciduous after anthesis (rarely tardily); petal apiculus usually present. Stamen fascicles 5, free (or very rarely apparently 4), anthers
dorsifixed. Styles (4 or)5, free or partly united. Capsule valves smooth. Seeds often carinate or ± winged.
Forty-seven species: Bulgaria and Pontic Turkey, from Pakistan to China and N Vietnam, and in S India, Sri Lanka, and SE Asia to Flores and
Sulawesi; 30 species (20 endemic) in China.

1. Hypericum augustinii N. Robson, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 95: leathery, abaxially paler, both sides glaucous; laminar glands
495. 1970. long streaks and dots; abaxial glands dense; main lateral veins
3-paired, without visible tertiary reticulation; base rounded to
无柄金丝桃 wu bing jin si tao
subcordate, apex acute to rounded-apiculate; upper ones sub-
Shrubs, ca. 1 m tall; stems few, erect or arching, without amplexicaul. Inflorescence (1–)3–13-flowered, from 1 or 2
or with few short lateral branches. Stems 4-lined and ancipitous nodes, nearly flat-topped, with short or very short terminal in-
when young, eventually terete; internodes 2.5–7 cm, mostly ex- ternode; bracts on main stem broadly ovate, usually forming a
ceeding leaves. Leaves all sessile or lower (rarely all but upper- pseudo-whorl, others reduced, broadly ovate to lanceolate, de-
most) with flat petiole to 1.5 mm; blade oblong-lanceolate or ciduous. Pedicels 6–12 mm. Flowers 4–6.6 cm in diam., stellate
oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, (3–)3.7–7.5 × (1–)1.5–4.4 cm, to shallowly cupped; buds broadly ovoid, apex obtuse. Sepals
 CLUSIACEAE

erect, broadly oblong to broadly elliptic or ovate, equal to sub- 2-lined and ancipitous when young, soon terete; internodes 2–
equal, (0.7–)1–1.5 cm × 4–9 mm; laminar glands lines to dots, 3.5 cm, shorter than leaves. Leaves sessile; leaf blade ovate-
margin entire or slightly eroded toward apex, apex subapiculate oblong to ovate, (4–)4.5–11.7 × (2.7–)3.7–6 cm, thickly papery,
or obtuse to rounded. Petals pale to bright golden yellow, obo- abaxially not or scarcely paler, not glaucous; laminar glands
vate, 2–3.6 × 1.4–2.6 cm, 2.5–3 × as long as sepals; margin en- large and small dots, abaxial glands absent; main lateral veins
tire or very minutely denticulate, eglandular; apiculus rounded (6 or)7- or 8(or 9)-paired, uniting with midvein branches to
or nearly absent. Stamen fascicles each with 60–70 stamens, form arched intramarginal vein, tertiary reticulation very dense,
longest 1–2 cm, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Ovary broadly ovoid, prominent adaxially at least, conspicuous; base cordate, apex
5–6 × 4–5 mm; styles 6–8 mm, ca. 1.2 × as long as ovary, free, obtuse-apiculate (or rarely acute) to rounded. Inflorescence 5–
erect to gradually divergent. Capsule broadly ovoid, 1–1.2 cm × 20-flowered, from apical node, round-topped, sometimes also
9–10 mm. Seeds dark reddish brown, ca. 1.5 mm, not or scarce- from second node and on lower short lateral shoots, the whole
ly carinate; testa linear-reticulate. Fl. Sep–Oct, fr. Nov. 2n = then pyramidal; bracts caducous, lanceolate, small. Pedicels
?54 (48–55)*. 0.8–2 cm. Flowers ca. 3.5 cm in diam., stellate; buds conic,
apex acute. Sepals erect to outcurved in bud, ± spreading in
● River banks, mountain slopes, open roadsides; 1200–1700 m.
fruit, ovate to lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, subequal, 2.5–5 ×
SW Guizhou (Anlong), S Yunnan (Jinghong, Shiping).
1.5–2 mm, laminar glands few, streaks to dots, margin entire,
Hypericum augustinii is a stout plant with large, leathery leaves; apex acute to apiculate. Petals golden-yellow, obovate to oblan-
characters that may be related to its degree of polyploidy (?6x). ceolate, (1.3–)1.5–2 × 0.6–1 cm, 5–6 × as long as sepals; mar-
2. Hypericum reptans J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex Dyer in J. gin entire, eglandular; apiculus lateral, acute. Stamen fascicles
D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: 255. 1874. each with 20–25 stamens, longest (0.8–)1.2–1.5 cm, 0.7–0.8 ×
as long as petals. Ovary narrowly ovoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, 4–5
匍枝金丝桃 pu zhi jin si tao × ca. 2.5 mm; styles erect, apically sometimes slightly spread-
Shrublets, prostrate or ascending, to 0.3 m tall, forming ing, 8–10 mm, 1.4–2 × as long as ovary, free but sometimes
clumps or mats to 1 m in diam., sometimes pendent from rocks; coherent in lower half. Capsule narrowly ovoid to ellipsoid, 9–
stems branching pinnately, rooting. Stems 4-lined and an- 10 × ca. 7 mm. Seeds dark reddish brown, ca. 0.9 mm, narrowly
cipitous when young, eventually 4-lined to subterete; internodes carinate; testa linear-foveolate to ribbed-scalariform. Fl. Mar–
0.5–1.4 cm, shorter than to exceeding leaves. Leaves with Apr, fr. Jun–Aug.
petiole 0.5–1.5 mm; blade elliptic or elliptic-oblong to oblan- ● Scrub in dry valleys; 1100–2000 m. SE Xizang.
ceolate or more rarely obovate, 0.7–1.6(–2) cm × 2–9 mm,
4. Hypericum monogynum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1107.
increasing in size and relative width up stem, thickly papery,
1763.
abaxially paler or ± glaucous; laminar glands medium to short
streaks and dots; abaxial glands absent; main lateral veins 金丝桃 jin si tao
1–2(–3)-paired, tertiary reticulation dense, often obscure; base
Hypericum chinense Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1184.
cuneate, apex obtuse to rounded. Inflorescence 1-flowered;
1759, not Osbeck (1757), nor Retzius (1788); H. chinense
flowering branches from middle and upper part of current stem;
subsp. latifolium Kuntze; H. chinense subsp. obtusifolium
bracts (uppermost leaf pair) leaflike, persistent. Pedicels 4–8
Kuntze; H. chinense subsp. salicifolium (Siebold & Zuccarini)
mm. Flowers 2–3 cm in diam., ± deeply cupped; buds ovoid-
Kuntze; H. chinense var. salicifolium (Siebold & Zuccarini)
ellipsoid, apex rounded. Sepals reflexed in bud, spreading in
Choisy; H. monogynum var. salicifolium (Siebold & Zuccarini)
fruit, oblong to obovate or oblanceolate, unequal, 0.6–1.4 ×
André; H. salicifolium Siebold & Zuccarini; Komana salicifolia
2.5–6.5 cm; laminar glands distal, streaks and dots, relatively (Siebold & Zuccarini) Y. Kimura ex Honda; Norysca chinensis
few, margin entire, apex obtuse or rarely apiculate to rounded. (Linnaeus) Spach; N. chinensis var. salicifolia (Siebold &
Petals deep golden yellow, sometimes tinged red, broadly obo- Zuccarini) Y. Kimura; N. salicifolia (Siebold & Zuccarini) K.
vate, 1.1–1.8 cm × 7–12 mm, 1.3–1.9 × as long as sepals; mar- Koch.
gin entire, eglandular; apiculus rounded, nearly absent. Stamen
fascicles each with 20–30 stamens, longest 4.5–6 mm, 0.25– Shrubs, 0.5–1.3 m tall, bushy or usually with branches lax,
0.35 × as long as petals. Ovary globose, 3–4 × 3–5 mm; styles spreading. Stems 2(–4)-lined and ancipitous when young, soon
(2.5–)3–4(–4.5) mm, ca. as long as ovary, free, erect, ± sharply terete; internodes 1–5 cm, shorter than leaves. Leaves with
outcurved near apex. Capsule globose to depressed-globose, 6– petiole 1.5–2 mm; blade oblong to elliptic, 2.5–5 × 1.2–2.3 cm,
10 mm and wide, indehiscent, ± baccate, brick-colored when thickly papery, abaxially paler but not glaucous; laminar glands
ripe. Seeds dark reddish brown, 0.6–0.7 mm, narrowly carinate; very small dots; abaxial glands absent; main lateral veins 2- or
testa linear-foveolate. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. 3-paired, all or upper sometimes uniting with midvein branches
to form ± arched intramarginal vein, tertiary reticulation very
Grassy slopes, rocky places, streamsides at forest edges; 2500–
dense, not very conspicuous; base cuneate to subangustate, apex
3500 m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [NE India, N Myanmar, Nepal].
acute to rounded. Inflorescence 1–15(–30)-flowered, from api-
3. Hypericum griffithii J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex Dyer in J. cal node, lax, shallowly round-topped, sometimes also from
D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: 253. 1874. uppermost 1–3 nodes, rarely with 1 or 2 pairs of flowering
branches; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, small. Pedicels
藏东南金丝桃 zang dong nan jin si tao
0.8–2.8(–5) cm. Flowers 3–6.5 cm in diam., stellate; buds
Shrubs 0.9–3 m tall, deciduous, with branches erect. Stems ovoid, apex subacute to obtuse. Sepals ± spreading, broadly to
 CLUSIACEAE

narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, equal to unequal, 4.5–13 × mens, longest 1.6–2 cm or more, 0.8–0.95 × as long as petals.
1.5–6 mm; laminar glands basally lines to streaks, dots toward Ovary ovoid to subglobose, 4–5 × 3–4 mm; styles 1–1.2 cm,
apex, margin entire, apex acute to rounded. Petals golden yel- 2.2–2.5 × as long as ovary, at first up to half coherent but be-
low to lemon yellow, triangular-obovate, 2–3.4 × 1–2 cm, 2.5– coming free, straight. Capsule and seeds unknown. Fl. May–Jul.
4.5 × as long as sepals; margin entire, eglandular; apiculus lat-
● Thickets on rocky slopes; 1400–2000 m. NE Guizhou (Fanjing
eral, acute to rounded or obsolete. Stamen fascicles each with
Shan), NE Yunnan (Daguan).
25–35 stamens, longest 1.8–3.2 cm, ca. as long as petals. Ovary
ovoid or ovoid-conic to subglobose, 2.5–5 × 2.5–3 mm; styles The styles in this species are almost certainly secondarily free; its
1.2–2 cm, 3.5–5 × as long as ovary, united nearly to apices then nearest relatives would seem to be Hypericum monogynum forms (iii)
outcurved or very rarely to half free. Capsule broadly ovoid or and (iv).
rarely ovoid-conic to subglobose, 6–10 × 4–7 mm. Seeds dark 6. Hypericum prattii Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 303.
reddish brown, ca. 2 mm, narrowly carinate; testa linear-reticu- 1892.
late. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 42*.
大叶金丝桃 da ye jin si tao
● Mountain slopes, roadsides, thickets in dry habitats; sea level to
200 m in lowland provinces, but up to 1500 m in Sichuan. Anhui, Shrubs, 0.75–1 m tall; branches spreading. Stems 4-lined
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, and ancipitous when young, soon terete; internodes 1–5.5 cm,
Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan (natural-
shorter than leaves. Leaves sessile; blade broadly ovate to
ized); widely cultivated in S Africa, E and S Asia, Australia, Central
America, N and W Europe, Mauritius, and the West Indies]. elliptic-ovate, 4–11(–14.5) × 2–5.1(–7) cm, thickly papery,
abaxially rather paler but not glaucous; laminar glands dots,
Hypericum monogynum is very variable, but there are no gaps in very small; abaxial glands absent; main lateral veins 4- or 5-
the variation that would allow infraspecific classification. Four main paired, tertiary reticulation dense, conspicuous especially abaxi-
forms can be recognized:
ally; base cordate-amplexicaul or (uppermost) rounded, apex
(i) Leaves elliptic to oblanceolate, base cuneate, apex acute; inflo- acute to short acuminate. Inflorescence 3–10(–24)-flowered,
rescence very lax; sepals narrowly elliptic, apex acute (“salicifolium”). from apical node, lax, flat-topped; bracts caducous, linear,
W Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan. small. Pedicels 3–10(–25) mm (to 6.6 cm in fruit). Flowers 3.5–
(ii) Leaves narrowly oblong to lanceolate, base usually rounded, 5.5 cm in diam., stellate; buds ovoid, apex obtuse to rounded.
apex obtuse to rounded; inflorescence less lax; sepals narrowly oblong, Sepals erect in bud (?and in fruit), lanceolate to broadly ovate-
obtuse (“obtusifolium”). E Hubei and Jiangxi southward and eastward cordate (leaflike), subequal to unequal, 0.9–1.7(–1.9) cm × 3–
to the coast; Taiwan, where the leaves are oblanceolate. 9(–11) mm; laminar glands basally lines, distally dots, margin
(iii) Leaves broadly oblong to broadly elliptic or lanceolate, base entire, apex rounded. Petals golden yellow, obovate to oblan-
cuneate to cordate, apex acute to rounded; sepals broadly elliptic to ceolate, 2–2.6 × 0.9–1.8 cm, 1.5–2.3 × as long as sepals; margin
broadly oblong or leaflike (“latisepalum”). W Hubei, Sichuan; also entire, eglandular; apiculus rounded or obsolete. Stamen fas-
Guizhou and Shandong (probably introduced). cicles each with 30–40 stamens, longest 1.8–2.4 cm, nearly as
long as petals. Ovary ovoid, 4–6 × 2.5–4.5 mm; styles 1.1–1.9
(iv) Leaves broadly elliptic-oblong to triangular-ovate or ovate,
base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse to rounded; sepals nar- cm, 3–3.5 × as long as ovary, united nearly to apices then
rowly elliptic, apex acute (“ovatum”). Sichuan. spreading. Capsule and seeds not seen. Fl. Jun–Jul.

5. Hypericum cohaerens N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. ● Mountain slopes; (300–)800–3000 m or ?higher. Hubei, Si-
Hist.), Bot. 12: 235. 1985. chuan.

连柱金丝桃 lian zhu jin si tao 7. Hypericum elatoides R. Keller, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 549.
1904.
Shrubs, height unrecorded; branches spreading. Stems 4-
lined and ancipitous when young, soon terete; internodes 1.5– 岐山金丝桃 qi shan jin si tao
2.3 cm, shorter than leaves. Leaves with petiole 1.5–2 mm; Hypericum ascyron Linnaeus var. punctatostriatum R.
blade oblong to elliptic, 2.5–5 × 1.2–2.3 cm, thickly papery, Keller; H. monogynum Linnaeus var. franchetii Baroni.
abaxially paler but not glaucous; laminar glands very small,
dots; abaxial glands absent; main lateral veins 2- or 3-paired, all Suffrutex, 35–82 cm tall; stems solitary or few, usually
or the upper sometimes uniting with midvein branches to form slender, erect from ascending or creeping, branching and root-
± crenate intramarginal vein, tertiary reticulation very dense, ing base, unbranched below inflorescence. Stems shallowly 4-
not very conspicuous; base cuneate to subangustate, apex acute lined below nodes, sometimes 2-lined below or becoming
to rounded. Inflorescence 1–7-flowered, from apical node, lax, nearly terete; internodes (3–)4.5–10.5 cm, shorter than leaves.
shallowly round-topped; bracts caducous, linear. Pedicels 8–11 Leaves sessile or with petiole to 1.5 mm; blade oblong or
mm. Flowers 3.5–5 cm in diam., stellate; buds ovoid, apex oblong-triangular to broadly ovate, 4.4–11 × 1.8–5 cm, thinly
subacuminate. Sepals spreading, narrowly lanceolate to linear, papery, abaxially rather paler, not glaucous; laminar glands,
equal, 0.9–1.2 cm × 1.5–3 mm; laminar glands lines, margin very small, streaks to dots; abaxial glands absent; main lateral
entire, apex acute. Petals golden yellow, oblanceolate, 1.6–2.5 × veins 4- or 5-paired, main midvein branches nearly equally
0.8–1.3 mm, ca. 2 × as long as sepals; margin entire, eglan- strong, tertiary reticulation dense and abaxially prominent; base
dular; apiculus acute. Stamen fascicles each with ca. 30 sta- cordate-amplexicaul to truncate, apex obtuse to short apiculate
 CLUSIACEAE

or rounded. Inflorescence (1–)5–13-flowered, from 1 or 2 Ovary ellipsoid to globose, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, sometimes sub-
nodes, rarely with flowering branches from one node below, the stipitate; styles 1–1.8 cm, 3.5–6 × as long as ovary, united near-
whole lax, flat-topped; bracts and bracteoles linear-lanceolate to ly to apices then spreading. Capsule ovoid, (4–)6–12 × 4–5 mm,
linear-elliptic, persistent. Pedicels (0.3–)1–5 cm. Flowers 4–8 sometimes substipitate. Seeds not seen. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–
cm in diam., stellate, with petals becoming reflexed, tardily Sep.
deciduous; buds narrowly ovoid, apex ± acute. Sepals free or to ● Open sunny places, cliffs, dry banks and slopes, streamsides;
1/4 united, erect to suberect, ovate to triangular-ovate, equal, 3– 200–2100 m. Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi.
5(–7) × 1.5–3(–5) mm, laminar glands lines with the outer in-
terrupted, marginal glands reddish or absent, margin entire or The fruit of Hypericum longistylum is used medicinally. Two sub-
species have been recognized.
occasionally minutely irregularly reddish glandular-ciliate, apex
obtuse to acute. Petals bright yellow, 2.5–4 cm × 7–10(–15) 1a. Ovary and capsule ellipsoid, usually
mm, 6–8 × as long as sepals, oblanceolate; margin entire, eglan- stipitate ............................................. 8a. subsp. longistylum
dular; apiculus absent. Stamen fascicles each with 45–60 sta- 1b. Ovary and capsule globose, sessile ....... 8b. subsp. giraldii
mens, longest 1.5–2.5 cm, 0.5–0.65(–0.8) × as long as petals.
Ovary ± broadly ovoid, 4–6(–7) × 3.5–4.5 mm; styles 1.3–1.9 8a. Hypericum longistylum subsp. longistylum
cm, 2.3–4.5 × as long as ovary, united nearly to apices then 长柱金丝桃(原亚种) chang zhu jin si tao (yuan ya zhong)
outcurved. Capsule broadly to narrowly ovoid or ovoid-conic,
0.9–1.6 cm × 6–11 mm. Seeds dark reddish brown, 1.1–1.5 Hypericum longistylum var. silvestrii Pampanini; Norysca
mm, very shallowly carinate; testa densely reticulate. Fl. May– longistyla (Oliver) Y. Kimura.
Jul, fr. Jul–Aug. Sepals 3–6 mm. Ovary and capsule ellipsoid, usually stipi-
● Damp places in open woodlands and open grasslands; 800– tate.
1000 m. Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi.
● Open sunny places, streamsides; 200–1200 m. Anhui, Henan,
Hypericum elatoides is most closely related to H. monogynum, in Hubei, Hunan.
particular to an ovate- to oblong-leaved form from Jiangsu belonging to
form (iii). It is rather similar to H. prattii (from Sichuan), but differs
8b. Hypericum longistylum subsp. giraldii (R. Keller) N. Rob-
from it by the apically obtuse to rounded (not acute to apiculate), rela- son, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 12: 239. 1985.
tively narrower leaves and the small, triangular-ovate, often minutely 圆果金丝桃 yuan guo jin si tao
reddish-glandular-ciliate sepals. In H. prattii, the sepals are large and
ovate-lanceolate to elliptic with an entire margin. Hypericum giraldii R. Keller, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 548.
The tardily deciduous petals and stamens, suffruticose habit, and 1904; H. longistylum var. giraldii (R. Keller) Pampanini.
sometimes gland-margined sepals make this species anomalous in Sepals 5–7 mm. Ovary and capsule globose, sessile.
Hypericum sect. Ascyreia, but it is better placed there than in a separ-
ate section. With these characters, in fact, it forms a link between H. ● Dry slopes; 1900–2100 m. Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi.
sect. Ascyreia and the Caucasian H. sect. Bupleuroides Stefanoff.
9. Hypericum fosteri N. Robson, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 43: 271.
8. Hypericum longistylum Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 16: t. 2005.
1534. 1886.
楚雄金丝桃 chu xiong jin si tao
长柱金丝桃 chang zhu jin si tao
Shrubs to ca. 1.5 m tall; branches erect to spreading. Stems
Shrubs, ca. 1 m tall, with divaricate long branches bearing 4-lined when young, soon terete; internodes 2–4 cm, shorter
short pinnately arranged ones. Stems 2–4-lined and ancipitous than leaves. Leaves with petiole 1–2 mm; blade narrowly ovate
when young, eventually terete; internodes 1–3 cm, shorter than to lanceolate, 3.5–5 × 1.3–2.2 cm, abaxially paler; laminar
to exceeding leaves. Leaves subsessile or with petiole to 1 mm; glands short streaks to dots; abaxial glands dense; main lateral
blade narrowly oblong to elliptic or subcircular, 1–3.1 × 0.6–1.6 veins 4(or 5)-paired, without visible tertiary reticulation; base
cm, thickly papery, abaxially ± densely glaucous; laminar rounded, apex obtuse to rounded. Inflorescence 1- or 2-flow-
glands small to very small dots; abaxial glands absent; main ered, from apical node; bracts deciduous, linear. Pedicels 5–7
lateral veins faint, ca. 3-paired, without or with very faintly mm. Flowers 4–4.5 cm in diam., ± deeply cupped; buds not
visible tertiary reticulation; base cuneate to short angustate, recorded. Sepals spreading, recurved in fruit, oblong to elliptic-
apex subapiculate to rounded. Inflorescence 1-flowered, ter- oblong, subequal, 10–11 × 4.5–5 mm; laminar glands lines be-
minal and on short lateral branches; bracts leaflike, persistent. coming streaks near apex, not becoming impressed (sepals not
Pedicels 0.8–1.2 cm. Flowers 2.5–4.5(–5) cm in diam., stellate; apparently ribbed) margin entire, apex broadly obtuse or apic-
buds narrowly ellipsoid, apex acute. Sepals free or united at ulate-obtuse. Petals golden-yellow, broadly obovate, 2–2.5 ×
base, spreading or recurved, linear or rarely elliptic, equal to 1.5–2 cm, 2–2.5 × as long as sepals; margin entire, eglandular;
subequal, 3–6(–10) × 0.5–2 mm; laminar glands ca. 4, basally apiculus rounded. Stamen fascicles each with ca. 75 stamens,
lines, distally dots, margin entire, apex acute. Petals golden longest ca. 8 mm, 0.35–0.4 × as long as petals. Ovary narrowly
yellow to ?orange, oblanceolate, (1.1–)1.5–2.2(–2.4) cm × 4– ovoid, ca. 8 × 5 mm; styles spreading-outcurved, 4–5 mm,
8(–10) mm, 2.5–3.5 × as long as sepals; margin entire, eglan- 0.5–0.65 × as long as ovary, free. Capsule narrowly ovoid-cyl-
dular; apiculus absent or nearly so. Stamen fascicles each with indric, 1.8–2.3 × 1–1.2 cm. Seeds reddish brown, 0.8–1 mm,
15–25 stamens, longest 1.5–2.5 cm, 1–1.2 × as long as petals. scarcely carinate; testa linear-reticulate. Fl. May–?Jul, fr. Aug.
 CLUSIACEAE

● Evergreen forest understories; ca. 2400 m. C Yunnan (Chu- lateral veins (2 or)3- or 4-paired, without visible tertiary retic-
xiong). ulation; base narrowly cuneate to subcordate, apex acute to
Hypericum fosteri is related to the widespread H. hookerianum rounded. Inflorescence 1–5-flowered, from apical node, nearly
and the N Thailand endemic H. siamense N. Robson. It differs from the round-topped; bracts deciduous, lanceolate or narrowly oblong
former in the oblong to oblanceolate-spatulate, spreading-outcurved se- to obovate-spatulate. Pedicels 3–16 mm. Flowers 3–6 cm in
pals, which are not ribbed, and in the elongate (not ovoid) capsule. diam., ± deeply cupped; buds broadly ovoid to subglobose,
10. Hypericum wardianum N. Robson, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 43: apex broadly obtuse to rounded. Sepals spreading-incurved,
273. 2005. obovate or obovate-spatulate to subcircular or elliptic or ob-
long-elliptic, subequal, 5–10 × 4–8 mm; laminar glands lines,
漾濞金丝桃 yang bi jin si tao sometimes interrupted near apex, often becoming impressed
(sepals apparently ribbed) margin entire or rarely very finely
Shrubs to ca. 1.5 m tall; branches erect to spreading. Stems
eroded-denticulate, apex rounded or rarely rounded-apiculate to
2–4-lined when young, soon terete; internodes 2–5 cm, shorter
obtuse. Petals deep golden to pale yellow, broadly obovate to
than leaves. Leaves with petiole 1.5–2.5 mm; blade lanceolate,
subcircular, 1.5–3 × 1.5–2.5 cm, ca. 3 × as long as sepals; mar-
3.5–7 × (1–)1.4–2.2 cm, abaxially paler; laminar glands long
gin entire, eglandular; apiculus obtuse to rounded or absent.
streaks to dots; abaxial glands absent; main lateral veins 3-
Stamen fascicles each with 60–80 stamens, longest 5–9 mm,
paired, without or with lax reticulate venation; base broadly to
0.25–0.35 × as long as petals. Ovary broadly ovoid, 5–7(–8) ×
narrowly cuneate, apex rounded to apiculate-obtuse. Inflores-
4–5(–6) mm; styles 2–4(–7) mm, 0.35–0.7(–0.9) × as long as
cence 1–4-flowered, from apical node; bracts deciduous, linear.
ovary, free, gradually outcurved toward apex. Capsule ovoid
Pedicels 5–10 mm. Flowers 3–3.5 cm in diam., ± deeply
to ovoid-conic, 0.9–1.7 cm × 7–12 mm. Seeds dark reddish
cupped; buds subglobose, apex broadly obtuse to rounded. Se-
brown, 0.7–1 mm, not or scarcely carinate; testa linear-reticu-
pals erect in bud, erect to subspreading in fruit, oblong to late. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = ?20.
elliptic or oblanceolate-spatulate, subequal, 6–9 × 2–4 mm;
laminar glands lines to distally dots, not becoming impressed Thickets on slopes, forest margins; 1900–3400 m. S and SE Xi-
(sepals not apparently ribbed) margin entire or finely eroded- zang (Yadong, Zayü) [Bangladesh, Bhutan, NE and S India, Myan-
denticulate, apex apiculate-obtuse to rounded. Petals golden- mar, Nepal, N Thailand, N Vietnam].
yellow, broadly obovate, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 cm, 2–2.5 × as long as Hypericum hookerianum is a widespread and variable species.
sepals; margin entire, eglandular; apiculus rounded. Stamen The Xizang population, like those from adjacent (Himalayan) regions,
fascicles each with ca. 70 stamens, longest 8–9 mm, ca. 0.5 × has ovate leaves and rounded sepals. Plants in both areas, however, have
as long as petals. Ovary narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 7 × 4 mm; styles the broad sepals with prominent, linear glands characteristic of the
spreading-outcurved, 4–5 mm, ca. 0.8 × as long as ovary, free. species.
Capsule narrowly cylindric-ellipsoid to ± broadly ellipsoid, 12. Hypericum subsessile N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
(12–)15–16 × 7–10 mm. Seeds reddish brown, 0.7–0.9 mm, not Hist.), Bot. 12: 239. 1985.
or scarcely carinate; testa linear-reticulate. Fl. May–?Jul, fr.
Aug–Oct. 近无柄金丝桃 jin wu bing jin si tao

Clearings and understories of broad-leaved evergreen forests; Shrubs, 1–1.5 m tall; branches erect to arching. Stems 4-
2600–3000 m. W Yunnan (Yangbi) [NE Myanmar]. angled and ancipitous when young, eventually terete; inter-
nodes 1–3 cm, shorter than leaves. Leaves subsessile; blade
Hypericum wardianum is closely related to H. fosteri, but differs
in the narrower, cuneate-based leaves without abaxial glands but with narrowly elliptic, 3.5–6.5 × 0.7–2(–2.7) cm, subleathery, abaxi-
more elongate, laminar, glandular streaks, and in the smaller flowers ally paler to glaucous; laminar glands small dots and short
with sepals erect in bud and spreading rather than reflexed in fruit and streaks; abaxial glands dense to sparse; main lateral veins 3- or
sometimes with the margin eroded-denticulate. Both species differ 4-paired, tertiary reticulation rather lax, often conspicuous; base
from H. hookerianum in having unribbed sepals and elongate capsules, cuneate, apex acute to rounded-apiculate. Inflorescence 1–8-
although the elongation is less marked in the type specimen (from NE flowered, from 1(or 2) nodes, rounded to flat-topped; bracts
Myanmar) than in plants grown from its seeds. deciduous, small, lanceolate to large, leaflike. Pedicels 0.8–2
11. Hypericum hookerianum Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. cm. Flowers 3.5–4.5 cm in diam., shallowly cupped to stellate;
Orient. 1: 99. 1834. buds ovoid, apex acute. Sepals outcurved in bud, reflexed in
fruit, narrowly elliptic to ovate or leaflike, unequal, 1–2 cm ×
短柱金丝桃 duan zhu jin si tao 4–10 mm; laminar glands basally lines, toward apex dots, mar-
gin entire, apex acute or acuminate. Petals bright yellow, some-
Hypericum patulum Thunberg var. hookerianum (Wight &
times tinged red, oblanceolate-obovate, 1.7–2 × 0.9–1.1 cm, 1–
Arnott) Kuntze; Norysca hookeriana (Wight & Arnott) Wight.
2 × as long as sepals; margin entire, eglandular; apiculus acute.
Shrubs, to 1.75 m tall, bushy, round-topped; branches Stamen fascicles each with 40–60 stamens, longest 1.2–1.5 cm,
erect to spreading. Stems 4-lined and ancipitous when young or ca. 0.7 × as long as petals. Ovary ovoid-conic, 6–8 × 4–6 mm;
always terete; internodes 1.2–6 cm, shorter than to exceeding styles 5–6 mm, 0.8–0.9 × as long as ovary, free, suberect, out-
leaves. Leaves with petiole 1–4 mm; blade narrowly lanceolate curved near apex. Capsule narrowly ovoid-conic, (1.6–)1.8–2.1
to oblong-lanceolate or broadly ovate, (1.7–)2.5–7.8 × (0.7–)1– × (0.7–)1–1.2 cm, turning purplish red when maturing. Seeds
3.2 cm, abaxially paler or ± glaucous; laminar glands short dark reddish brown, 1.1–1.5 mm, with terminal and lateral
streaks to dots; abaxial glands dense to sparse or absent; main wing; testa linear-foveolate. Fl. Jul–Oct, fr. Aug–Oct.
 CLUSIACEAE

● Thickets and open areas in mixed forest on mountain slopes; lateral veins 2- or 3-paired, all branches clearly visible and
2400–3000 m. C Sichuan (Hanyuan), W Yunnan (Dali). forming undulating intramarginal vein, tertiary reticulation
Hypericum subsessile is a relict species that occurs in two widely nearly invisible; base cuneate, apex acute to subacute. Inflores-
separate localities. Its nearest ancestral relative is in N Thailand (H. cence 1–4-flowered, from apical node, nearly flat-topped; bracts
siamense N. Robson). reduced, linear-lanceolate, persistent. Pedicels 7–10(–25) mm.
Flowers 4–5 cm in diam., stellate; buds narrowly ovoid, apex
13. Hypericum acmosepalum N. Robson, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. subapiculate. Sepals ± outcurved in bud, spreading in fruit,
95: 490. 1970. narrowly elliptic, subequal to unequal, 7–11(–20) × 2.5–5(–8)
尖萼金丝桃 jian e jin si tao mm; laminar glands lines, sometimes interrupted, margin entire,
apex acute to acuminate. Petals golden yellow, sometimes
Shrubs, 0.6–2 m tall; branches erect to ascending. Stems 4- tinged red, obovate-oblanceolate, 2–2.5 × 1.2–1.5 cm, (1.5–)
angled and ancipitous when young, eventually terete; inter- 2.5–3 × as long as sepals; margin entire, eglandular; apiculus
nodes 1–5 cm, shorter than to exceeding leaves. Leaves with acute to obtuse. Stamen fascicles each with ca. 50 stamens, long-
broad petiole 0.5–1(–1.5) mm; blade oblong or elliptic-oblong est 1.2–1.5 cm. ca. 3/5 as long as petals. Ovary ovoid-conic, 7–
to narrowly elliptic, sometimes oblanceolate toward stem base, 8 × 3.5–5 mm; styles 6–8 mm, 0.85–1 × as long as ovary,
1.8–4.2(–6) × 0.6–1.5(–2) cm, thickly papery to subleathery, free, outcurved near apex. Capsule narrowly ovoid, 1.2–1.5
abaxially ± densely glaucous; laminar glands small dots and cm × 7–10 mm. Seeds dark brown, 1–1.5 mm, carinate; testa
sometimes short streaks; abaxial glands rather dense to sparse; linear-reticulate to linear-foveolate. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Sep.
main lateral veins 1- or 2-paired, the upper forming distinct often
± straight intramarginal vein, tertiary reticulation very obscure ● Steep rocky banks; 1800–2900 m. W Sichuan.
or not visible; base cuneate, apex obtuse or more rarely sub- Hypericum maclarenii is a local species that may be recognized
acute to rounded-apiculate or rounded. Inflorescence 1–3(–6)- by: (1) the narrow, apically acute leaves with looped venation clearly
flowered, from apical node, nearly flat-topped; bracts lanceolate visible abaxially against a whitish background and (2) the narrow,
to leaflike, persistent. Pedicels 0.7–1.7 cm. Flowers 3–5 cm in apically acute, outcurving sepals.
diam., stellate; buds ovoid, apex acute to subapiculate. Sepals ± 15. Hypericum choisyanum Wallich ex N. Robson in Nasir &
outcurved, ovate to narrowly lanceolate, subequal, (5–)6–9(–11) Ali, Fl. W. Pakistan 32: 6. 1973 [“choisianum”].
× 3–4(–6) mm; laminar glands lines, sometimes interrupted,
margin subentire or minutely and ± irregularly denticulate (es- 多蕊金丝桃 duo rui jin si tao
pecially toward apex), apex acute to subacuminate. Petals deep Shrubs, (0.3–)1–2 m tall, bushy; branches erect to arching.
yellow, sometimes tinged red, obovate, 1.6–2.5 × 1–1.5 cm, Stems 4-lined and ancipitous when young, eventually terete;
2.5–3 × as long as sepals; margin entire or often minutely glan- internodes 1.5–5.5 cm, usually shorter than leaves. Leaves with
dular-denticulate, especially around apiculus; apiculus subacute petiole 2–4 mm; blade triangular-lanceolate or rarely triangular-
to obtuse. Stamen fascicles each with 40–65 stamens, longest ovate to ovate, 2.5–8.8 × 1–4.2 cm, thickly papery, abaxially
(1–)1.5–1.8 cm, 0.75–0.85 × as long as petals. Ovary narrowly paler but not glaucous; laminar glands streaks and dots; abaxial
ovoid-conic, 5–7 × 3.5–4.5 mm; styles (3–)4–6(–8) mm, ca. as glands absent; main lateral veins 3–5-paired, lower pairs some-
long as ovary or slightly longer, free, suberect, outcurved near times free, tertiary reticulation marked and rather dense to
apex. Capsule ovoid to narrowly ovoid-conic, 0.9–1.5 cm × 8– nearly invisible; base broadly cuneate to rounded or subcordate,
10 mm, turning bright red when maturing in open habitats. Seeds apex acute or acuminate to obtuse or rarely rounded. Inflo-
dark orange- to reddish brown, 1–1.1 mm, narrowly carinate rescence 1–7-flowered, from apical node, nearly flat-topped;
with terminal expansion; testa linear-foveolate. Fl. May–Jul, fr. bracts narrowly elliptic to leaflike, persistent. Pedicels 3.5–11
Aug–Sep. mm. Flowers 4–7 cm in diam., shallowly to deeply cupped;
● Forest glades, roadside banks, scrubby hillsides, open stream-
buds ovoid, apex sharply acute to obtuse. Sepals spreading to
sides; 900–2700 m. NW and W Guangxi, NE and SW Guizhou, SW recurved, unequal, narrowly to very broadly elliptic, 7–8 (or
Sichuan, Yunnan. longer if markedly leaflike) × 2–10 mm; laminar glands lines,
interrupted toward apex, margin entire, apex acute to apiculate
Its usually oblong or elliptic, apically ± rounded leaves, glaucous or rarely obtuse. Petals deep golden yellow, sometimes tinged
abaxially and with a conspicuous intramarginal vein, enable Hypericum
red, broadly obovate to obovate-circular, 1.6–3 × 1.5–2.2 cm,
acmosepalum to be recognized even when sterile.
1.7–2.2 × as long as sepals; margin entire, eglandular; apiculus
14. Hypericum maclarenii N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. rounded. Stamen fascicles each with 60–80 stamens, longest 6–
Hist.), Bot. 12: 270. 1985. 10 mm, 0.35–0.4 × as long as petals. Ovary ± broadly ovoid,
(5–)6–8(–9) × 3.5–5.5 mm; styles 3–5 mm, 0.35–0.7 × as long
康定金丝桃 kang ding jin si tao
as ovary, free, outcurved near apex. Capsule ovoid-conic to
Shrubs, 0.75–1 m tall; branches erect to arching. Stems subglobose, (0.9–)1.4–1.9 × 0.8–1.2 cm. Seeds dark brown,
shallowly 4-lined and sometimes ancipitous when young, soon 0.7–1 mm, carinate or shallowly winged; testa linear-reticulate
2-lined to terete; internodes 1–2.5(–5.5) cm, usually shorter to linear-foveolate. Fl. Apr–Oct, fr. Aug–Oct.
than leaves. Leaves with petiole 0.5–2 mm; blade narrowly Grassy or rocky slopes, cliffs, thickets, Rhododendron forests;
triangular-lanceolate, 2.5–5.8 × 0.7–2.3 cm, thickly papery, 1600–2800 m (Yunnan), 3100–4800 m (Xizang). C and NW Yunnan
abaxially ± densely glaucous; laminar glands long (in lower (Gongshan, Jingdong), S Xizang [Bhutan, NE India (W Bengal, Sik-
leaves) to short streaks; abaxial glands rather sparse; main kim), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
 CLUSIACEAE

The populations of Yunnan and Myanmar are isolated from those glands lines, margin entire or apically minutely denticulate with
of the main Himalayan range by a considerable distance. In the eastern- reddish margin, apex acute. Petals golden yellow, sometimes
most locality (Fengguan Shan), the leaves are nearly elliptic with a tinged red, obovate, 1.2–2 × 0.8–1.4 cm, ca. 1.5 × as long as
rounded apex. sepals; margin entire or distally minutely denticulate, eglan-
16. Hypericum lancasteri N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. dular; apiculus acute. Stamen fascicles each with 30–55 sta-
Hist.), Bot. 12: 279. 1985. mens, longest 1–1.3 cm, ca. 0.6 × as long as petals. Ovary
ovoid-conic to ovoid, 4–6 × 3–4 mm; styles 6–9.5 mm, 1.2–1.5
展萼金丝桃 zhan e jin si tao
× as long as ovary, free, usually flexuous and ± twisted. Cap-
Shrubs, 0.3–1 m tall, branches suberect to spreading, sule ovoid, 1–1.5 cm × 6–8 mm. Seeds dark red-brown, ca. 1.1
young shoots purplish red. Stems 4-lined but scarcely ancipi- mm, not carinate; testa laxly reticulate. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–
tous when young, soon 2-lined, eventually terete; internodes 1– Sep.
4 cm, shorter than to exceeding leaves. Leaves with petiole 1–
● On slopes, thickets; 800–1400 m. Chongqing (Chengkou).
1.5 mm; blade oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate or rarely ovate,
3–6 × 0.9–3 cm, thickly papery, abaxially paler or sometimes Hypericum stellatum is closely related to H. lancasteri but can be
± densely glaucous; laminar glands dots and short streaks; abax- recognized by the more spreading habit, the more slender inflorescence,
ial glands usually sparse or absent, sometimes dense; main lat- and the relatively longer, flexuous styles.
eral veins 3- or 4-paired, without visible tertiary reticulation; 18. Hypericum curvisepalum N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus.
base cuneate to rounded, apex acute to rounded or retuse. Inflo- (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 12: 281. 1985.
rescence 1–11-flowered, from apical node or (in cultivation)
sometimes 2 or 3 nodes, lax; branches relatively stout; bracts 弯萼金丝桃 wan e jin si tao
deciduous, leaflike, gradually reduced in successive nodes. Pedi- Shrubs, 0.3–1.2 m tall, branches arching to pendulous,
cels (0.8–)1.3–2.5(–3) cm. Flowers 3–5.5(–6.5) cm in diam., young shoots purplish red. Stems 4-lined when young, soon
nearly stellate to shallowly cupped; buds narrowly to broadly terete; internodes 1–2.5 cm, shorter than leaves. Leaves with pe-
ovoid, apex acute to apiculate. Sepals widely spreading to re- tiole 0.5–1 mm; blade triangular-lanceolate to triangular-ovate,
curved, equal to subequal, narrowly oblong or narrowly oblong- 2–4 × 0.8–2 cm, thickly papery, abaxially ± glaucous; laminar
lanceolate or rarely broader and leaflike, 8–11 × 3–4 mm; glands streaks (occasionally elongate) and dots; abaxial glands
laminar glands lines or streaks, margin reddish and entire, apex dense; main lateral veins 3- or 4-paired, tertiary reticulation ob-
acute to acuminate. Petals golden yellow, oblong-obovate, 1.7– scure or invisible; base rounded to shallowly cordate, apex acute
2.8 × 1.3–1.8 cm, 2.5–3 × as long as sepals; margin entire, or more rarely obtuse to rounded. Inflorescence 1(–3)-flowered
eglandular; apiculus acute to obtuse. Stamen fascicles each with from apical node; bracts linear or usually leaflike. Pedicels 6–
45–50 stamens, longest 1.1–1.6 cm, 0.6(–0.75) × as long as 10 mm. Flowers 2–4 cm in diam., deeply cupped; buds ovoid,
petals. Ovary ovoid, 5–6.5 × 3.5–5 mm; styles 5–7(–9) mm, ca. apex acute to apiculate. Sepals outcurved or spreading, unequal,
as long as to 1.25 × as long as ovary, free, outcurving distally, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic to ovate, 0.8–1.4 cm × 3–5 mm;
otherwise straight. Capsule ovoid, 1.3–1.7 cm × 8–10 mm. laminar glands lines interrupted distally, margin entire and pur-
Seeds dark red-brown, 1–1.3 mm, incompletely or not carinate; plish in bud and fruit, apex subacute to acuminate or rarely
testa laxly reticulate. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct. apiculate-obtuse. Petals deep yellow, broadly obovate to subcir-
● Dry banks, grassy slopes; 1700–2600 m. C Guizhou (An- cular, 1.2–2.2 × 0.8–1.7 cm, 1.1–1.5(–2) × as long as sepals;
shun), SW Sichuan (Huidong, Jinyang), NC and W Yunnan (Dali, margin entire, eglandular; apiculus obtuse to rounded. Stamen
Dongchuan, Kunming, Tengchong). fascicles each with ca. 60 stamens, longest 1–1.2 cm, 0.35–0.7
× as long as petals. Ovary ± broadly ovoid, 6–8 × 4.5–6 mm;
17. Hypericum stellatum N. Robson, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 95:
styles 3–4 mm, ca. 0.5 × as long as ovary, free, outcurved near
493. 1970.
apex. Capsule ovoid-conic to broadly ovoid, (1.2–)1.4–1.7 cm
星萼金丝桃 xing e jin si tao × 8–10 mm. Seeds dark reddish brown, 0.8–1 mm, not or
scarcely carinate; testa linear-foveolate. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–
Shrubs, 1–2.5 m tall, branches spreading to subpendulous, Sep.
young shoots purplish red. Stems 4-lined and ancipitous when
young, soon 2-lined, sometimes becoming terete; internodes 1– ● Dry or rocky hillsides and open woodlands; 1800–3000 m. SW
3.1 cm, shorter than leaves. Leaves with petiole 1–2 mm; blade Guizhou (Pu’an), S Sichuan, C, N, and W Yunnan.
oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2–5.5 × 1– The distribution of Hypericum curvisepalum largely coincides
2.2 cm, thickly papery, abaxially paler or sometimes ± densely with that of H. lancasteri, from which it has probably been derived.
glaucous; laminar glands dots and short streaks; abaxial glands Indeed, these species may even occur in the same area and appear to
dense; main lateral veins 3- or 4-paired, without visible tertiary have similar habitat requirements. The characters that distinguish them,
reticulation; base cuneate to rounded, apex acute to obtuse or however, are maintained in cultivation, so that their specific status would
not appear to be in doubt.
rounded-apiculate. Inflorescence 1–14-flowered, from apical
node, lax; branches slender; bracts deciduous, narrowly lan- 19. Hypericum henryi H. Léveillé & Vaniot, Bull. Soc. Bot.
ceolate. Pedicels 1–1.5 cm. Flowers 2.5–4 cm in diam., stellate France 54: 591. 1908.
to shallowly cupped; buds ± broadly ovoid, apex apiculate to
西南金丝桃 xi nan jin si tao
shortly acuminate. Sepals widely spreading to subrecurved,
equal, ± narrowly lanceolate, 0.8–1.3 cm × 2–5 mm; laminar Shrubs, 0.5–3 m tall, bushy; branches erect to arching, not
 CLUSIACEAE

or weakly frondose. Stems 4-lined and ancipitous when young, tic to broadly ovate, base cuneate to rounded, apex acute to
usually eventually 2-lined or terete; internodes 1–2 cm, usually apiculate-obtuse or rounded. Inflorescence 1–7-flowered. Flow-
shorter than leaves. Leaves subsessile or with petiole to ca. 1 ers 2–4 cm in diam. Sepals broadly oblong or broadly elliptic to
mm; blade narrowly elliptic or elliptic-oblong to lanceolate or broadly ovate or circular, margin subentire to eroded-denticu-
ovate, 1–4 × 0.4–1.6 cm, thickly papery, abaxially densely late, apex rounded-apiculate to rounded. Petals broadly ovate,
glaucous; laminar glands streaks and dots; abaxial glands dense 1–2.2 cm. Styles 4–5 mm, ca. 0.9 × as long as ovary. Capsule
to sparse; main lateral veins 2- or 3(or 4)-paired, tertiary broadly ovoid.
reticulation scarcely or not visible; base angustate or cuneate to ● 1500–2600 m. C Guizhou (Guiyang, Pingba), S Sichuan (“Pai-
rounded, apex acute to obtuse or more rarely rounded. Inflores- yentsing”), N Yunnan.
cence 1–5(–7)-flowered, from 1 or 2 nodes, nearly flat-topped,
usually with short terminal internode, sometimes with 1(or 2) The locality in S Sichuan may be Baiyanjin, a small locality actu-
ally in Yanjin Xian in NE Yunnan, close to the Sichuan border.
flowering branches from middle region of stem; bracts decidu-
ous, narrowly oblong to lanceolate. Pedicels 4–7 mm. Flowers 19b. Hypericum henryi subsp. hancockii N. Robson, Bull.
1.5–5.2 cm in diam., shallowly to deeply cupped; buds broadly Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 12: 261. 1985.
ovoid to globose, apex subacute to rounded. Sepals erect, un-
蒙自金丝桃 meng zi jin si tao
equal, oblong or elliptic to obovate-spatulate or broadly ovate
or circular, 4–9 × 2.5–6 mm; laminar glands lines to dots, mar- Stems erect, sometimes becoming 2-lined, rarely weakly
gin entire or ± eroded-denticulate with narrow hyaline margin, frondose. Leaves narrowly elliptic or lanceolate to ovate-ob-
apex acute (rarely) or apiculate to obtuse or rounded. Petals long, base angustate to rounded, apex acute to obtuse. Inflores-
golden to pale yellow, sometimes tinged red, narrowly to cence 1–6-flowered. Flowers 2.5–5 cm in diam. Sepals (at least
broadly obovate, 0.8–2.5 × 0.6–1.5 cm, 2–4 × as long as sepals; outer) broadly elliptic or broadly oblong to circular, margin en-
margin entire with row of intramarginal gland-dots; apiculus tire, apex obtuse to rounded-apiculate. Petals 1.4–2.5 cm, nar-
rounded or obscure. Stamen fascicles each with (30–)40–60 rowly to broadly obovate. Styles 4–6 mm, 0.8–1.2 × as long as
stamens, longest 5–13 mm, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Ovary ± ovary. Capsule narrowly ovoid-pyramidal to broadly ovoid.
broadly ovoid, ca. 3.5 × 7 mm; styles 2.5–6 mm, 0.7–1.2 × as 1300–2000 m. S and SE Yunnan [Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar,
long as ovary, free, erect, outcurved toward apex. Capsule Thailand, N Vietnam].
narrowly ovoid-pyramidal to subglobose, 0.9–1.2(–1.4) cm ×
19c. Hypericum henryi subsp. uraloides (Rehder) N. Robson,
8–10 mm. Seeds dark brown, 1–1.2 mm, not or scarcely cari-
Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 12: 263. 1985.
nate; testa linear-foveolate. Fl. Apr–Aug, fr. Jul–Nov.
岷江金丝桃 min jiang jin si tao
Dry, usually open habitats such as slopes, thickets, open forests;
1300–3000 m. C and SW Guizhou, C and S Sichuan, Yunnan [Indone- Hypericum uraloides Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 3:
sia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Thailand, N Vietnam]. 452. 1917.
Hypericum henryi forms a complex with the following two species Stems erect to arching, ± persistently 4-lined, not or dis-
(H. patulum and H. uralum). It can be divided into three not easily tally frondose. Leaves narrowly elliptic or narrowly lanceolate
separable subspecies, of which two (H. henryi subsp. henryi and H. to ovate-lanceolate, base angustate to cuneate or rarely rounded,
henryi subsp. uraloides) tend to merge into H. patulum and H. uralum, apex acute or rarely obtuse. Inflorescence 1–3-flowered. Flow-
respectively.
ers 1.2–4 cm in diam. Sepals elliptic to oblanceolate or nar-
1a. Sepals entire, at least outer broadly rowly oblong, subacute or apiculate-obtuse to rounded, entire.
elliptic; stems erect, not or weakly Petals 1–1.5 cm, broadly obovate. Styles 2–5 mm, 0.5–1 × as
frondose ............................................ 19b. subsp. hancockii long as ovary. Capsule broadly ovoid-pyramidal to globose.
1b. Sepals eroded-denticulate or, if entire, 1700–3000 m. SW Guizhou (Pu’an), C and SW Sichuan (Min
then elliptic or narrowly oblong to Jiang, Muli), S and W Yunnan [NW Myanmar].
oblanceolate; stems erect to
20. Hypericum patulum Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed.
spreading, sometimes frondose.
14, 700. 1784.
2a. Sepals eroded-denticulate to subentire,
usually apiculate, broadly oblong 金丝梅 jin si mei
to broadly ovate; leaf apex usually
Hypericum argyi H. Leveille & Vaniot; Komana patula
apiculate-obtuse to rounded .......... 19a. subsp. henryi
(Thunberg) Y. Kimura ex Honda; Norysca patula (Thunberg) J.
2b. Sepals entire, rarely apiculate,
Voigt.
elliptic to narrowly oblong or
obovate-spatulate; leaf apex Shrubs, 0.3–1.5(–3) m tall, bushy; branches spreading,
acute or rarely obtuse ................ 19c. subsp. uraloides sometimes weakly frondose. Stems 4-lined or 4-angled when
young, soon 2-lined, sometimes eventually terete; internodes
19a. Hypericum henryi subsp. henryi 0.8–4 cm, usually shorter than leaves. Leaves with petiole 0.5–2
mm; blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to ovate or oblong-
西南金丝桃(原亚种) xi nan jin si tao (yuan ya zhong)
ovate, 1.5–6 × 0.5–3 cm, thickly papery, abaxially rather glau-
Stems erect to arching or divaricate, ± persistently 4-lined, cous; laminar glands short streaks and dots; abaxial glands ±
not or weakly frondose. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or rarely ellip- dense; main lateral veins 3-paired, tertiary reticulation scarcely
 CLUSIACEAE

visible; base narrowly or broadly cuneate to short angustate, as long as sepals; margin entire, eglandular; apiculus rounded or
apex obtuse-apiculate to rounded-apiculate. Inflorescence 1–15- obsolete. Stamen fascicles each with 40–60 stamens, longest 4–
flowered, from 1 or 2 nodes, flat-topped, sometimes with short 6(–8) mm, 0.25–0.5 × as long as petals. Ovary broadly ovoid to
terminal internode and/or with 1–3-flowered branches from globose, 3–5 × 2.5–3 mm; styles 2.5–4.5 mm, 0.6–0.9(–1) × as
middle of stem; bracts deciduous, narrowly elliptic to narrowly long as ovary, free, erect and divergent toward apex or wholly
oblong. Pedicels 2–4(–7) mm. Flowers 2.5–4 cm in diam., ± outcurving. Capsule subglobose or more rarely broadly ovoid,
deeply cupped; buds broadly ovoid, apex obtuse. Sepals erect, 7–11(–13) × 7–11 mm. Seeds dark brown, 0.4–0.6 mm, scarcely
subequal to unequal, often reddish, broadly ovate or broadly carinate; testa linear-foveolate. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n =
elliptic or subcircular to oblong-elliptic or obovate-spatulate, 5– 20.
10 × 3.5–7 mm; laminar glands lines; margin eroded-denticu-
Dry open habitats, sometimes in thickets and by streams; 1500–
late to ciliolate with markedly hyaline margin, apex obtuse to 3600 m. Xizang (Moindawang, Zayü), NW Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India,
rounded or retuse and usually apiculate. Petals golden yellow, N Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
not tinged red, oblong-obovate to broadly obovate, 1.2–1.8 × 1–
1.4 cm, 1.5–2 × as long as sepals; margin entire or slightly Hypericum uralum is sometimes very similar to H. henryi subsp.
uraloides but can usually be distinguished by the frondose stems and
eroded-denticulate with row of intramarginal gland-dots; apicu-
broader leaves and sepals.
lus rounded to obsolete. Stamen fascicles each with 50–70
stamens, longest 7–12 mm, 0.4–0.5 × as long as petals. Ovary ± 22. Hypericum lagarocladum N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus.
broadly ovoid, 5–6 × 3.5–4 mm; styles 4–5.5 mm, 0.75–0.95 × (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 12: 247. 1985.
as long as ovary, free, ± erect, outcurved toward apex. Capsule 纤枝金丝桃 xian zhi jin si tao
broadly ovoid, 0.9–1.1 cm × 8–10 mm. Seeds dark brown, 1–
1.2 mm, not or scarcely carinate; testa linear-foveolate. Fl. Shrubs, 0.4–1.5(–3) m tall; branches arching to spreading,
May–Sep, fr. Jul–Oct. 2n = 20 (2n = 36 was based on a misi- slender, often rather lanky. Stems 4-lined and ancipitous when
dentification). very young, soon not ancipitous, sometimes becoming 2-lined
or terete; internodes 1–4 cm, shorter than leaves. Leaves with
Open forests and thickets, cliffs, roadsides; (300–)450–2400 m. petiole 1–1.5(–2) mm; blade narrowly elliptic or rarely lanceo-
Native in N Guizhou, Sichuan; probably originally introduced into An- late or lanceolate-elliptic to ± broadly oblong-elliptic or (on
hui, Fujian, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Taiwan,
strong central shoots) ovate-elliptic to broadly oblong-ovate or
Zhejiang [cultivated widely in gardens and naturalized in Japan, India,
broadly triangular-ovate, 1.8–5 × 0.6–4.5 cm, thickly papery,
South Africa, and elsewhere].
abaxially ± glaucous; laminar glands dots and very short streaks;
Several gatherings from Yunnan approach Hypericum patulum in abaxial glands dense to absent; main lateral veins 2–4-paired,
form, but they all have 4-lined or 4-angled stems and are therefore tertiary reticulation lax, not or scarcely visible; base cuneate,
better placed in H. henryi subsp. henryi. apex acute or apiculate-obtuse to rounded. Inflorescence 1–
21. Hypericum uralum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Bot. 10(–15)-flowered, from apical node, ± flat-topped; bracts re-
Mag. 50: t. 2375. 1823. duced and narrowly elliptic to linear or leaflike, persistent. Pedi-
cels 2–10 mm (to 1.5 cm in fruit). Flowers 3–5 cm in diam.,
匙萼金丝桃 chi e jin si tao substellate to shallowly cupped; buds narrowly to broadly
ovoid, apex acute or apiculate to obtuse. Sepals erect or sub-
Hypericum patulum Thunberg var. attenuatum Choisy; H. erect in bud, suberect or outcurved in fruit, equal to subequal,
patulum var. uralum (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Koehne; sometimes leaflike, narrowly lanceolate to oblong-ovate or
Norysca urala (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) K. Koch. ovate, (6–)7–10 × 3–5.5 mm (enlarging in fruit to ca. 1.1 ×
Shrubs, 0.3–2 m tall; branches arching, often frondose. 0.7 cm); laminar glands lines, sometimes distally interrupted;
Stems 4-lined or 4-angled and strongly ancipitous when young, margin entire or apically minutely and ± irregularly denticulate,
eventually 2-lined or terete; internodes 0.5–2 cm, shorter than apex acute to obtuse. Petals golden yellow, narrowly to rather
leaves. Leaves with flat petiole 0.5–1 mm; blade lanceolate or broadly obovate, 1.8–2.4 × 1–1.5(–1.8) cm, 2.5–3 × as long as
when older sometimes ovate, 1–4 × 0.4–2.4 cm, thickly papery, sepals; margin entire or minutely glandular-denticulate; apicu-
abaxially ± densely glaucous; laminar glands streaks (toward lus rounded or obsolete. Stamen fascicles each with 40–50 sta-
midvein) and dots; abaxial glands usually ± dense; main lateral mens, longest 1.2–1.8 cm, 0.6–0.7 × as long as petals. Ovary
veins 3-paired, tertiary reticulation scarcely visible; base nar- narrowly ovoid-conic to broadly ovoid, 5–8 × 3–5 mm; styles
rowly or rarely broadly cuneate, apex acute to rounded-apicu- 4–7 mm, 0.5–0.7(–0.85) × as long as ovary, free, suberect to
late. Inflorescence 1–3(–10)-flowered, from 1 or 2 nodes, nearly divergent, outcurved near apex. Capsule ovoid-conic to ovoid,
flat-topped, with short terminal internode, often with 1–3-flow- 1–1.7 × 0.7–1.2 cm, shallowly 5-lobed. Seeds purplish brown,
ered branches from middle of stem; bracts deciduous, narrowly ca. 1.4 mm, shallowly carinate; testa linear-reticulate. Fl. Apr–
oblong. Pedicels 3–7 mm. Flowers 1.5–3 cm in diam., ± deeply Aug, fr. Jun–Nov.
cupped; buds broadly ovoid to globose, apex obtuse to rounded. ● Thickets on slopes or in valleys, streamsides, roadsides; (400–)
Sepals erect, subequal to unequal, oblong or elliptic to oblong- 1500–2700 m. Guizhou, W Hunan, S and W Sichuan, NE Yunnan.
spatulate, 3.5–6(–9) × (1–)2–5(–6.5) mm; laminar glands lines, Hypericum lagarocladum has a spreading habit, at least when
margin entire with narrowly hyaline margin, apex rounded or young; and even if it grows taller later on, the ends of the arching
very rarely obtuse. Petals golden to deep yellow, not tinged red, branches tend to be lanky. It exhibits a SE–NW trend in variation, the
broadly obovate to subcircular, 0.9–1.8 cm × 5–12 mm, 2.5–3 × Hunan and Guizhou plants having a more erect habit and narrower
 CLUSIACEAE

leaves and sepals, while in those from Sichuan and most of Yunnan the minate. Sepals ± erect, equal, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 7–
habit is spreading and the leaves and sepals are broader. Apart from a 10 × 2–4.5 mm, laminar glands lines, margin entire, apex acute-
small area of overlap in variation in SW Sichuan and extreme NW ly acuminate to short aristate. Petals golden yellow, obovate, 2–
Yunnan, the two ends of the trend seem to remain distinct and can be
2.5 × 1.2–2 cm, 2.5–3 × as long as sepals; margin entire or
regarded as subspecies.
distally minutely glandular-denticulate; apiculus acute. Stamen
1a. Leaves broadly elliptic to broadly ovate, fascicles each with 30–35 stamens, longest 1–1.5 cm, 0.35–0.5
rounded to subretuse; sepals lanceolate × as long as petals. Ovary ± broadly ovoid, 5–6 × 3–3.5 mm;
to oblong-lanceolate or narrowly ovate; styles 7–9 mm, 1.5–1.8 × as long as ovary, free, erect, out-
capsule ovoid to ovoid-conic; plant curved at apex. Capsule shallowly 5-lobed, ovoid, 7–12 × 5–8
to 0.7(–1) m tall ......................... 22a. subsp. lagarocladum mm. Seeds dark reddish brown, ca. 1 mm, distally shallowly
1b. Leaves narrowly elliptic, acute to winged; testa linear-reticulate. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
obtuse; sepals lanceolate to narrowly
● Open forests, thickets on slopes, grasslands; 1000–1800 m. W
elliptic; capsule narrowly ovoid-conic;
Hubei, ?Hunan.
plant to 1.2 m tall ....................... 22b. subsp. angustifolium
Hypericum wilsonii takes further the trend toward a spreading hab-
22a. Hypericum lagarocladum subsp. lagarocladum it described in H. lagarocladum, but in addition has acute to acuminate
纤枝金丝桃(原亚种) xian zhi jin si tao (yuan ya zhong) flower buds and relatively longer styles. The record from Hunan has not
been substantiated, and one from SW Sichuan (Huidong) is erroneous.
Plants 0.4–1 m tall; branches widely arching to spreading,
forming wide hummock at first, later stems more narrowly 24. Hypericum beanii N. Robson, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 95: 490,
arching. Stem internodes 1.8–4 cm. Leaves narrowly elliptic or excl. f. 235. 1970.
ovate-elliptic to (on stronger stems) broadly oblong-ovate to 栽秧花 zai yang hua
broadly triangular-ovate, 1.8–6 × 0.6–3(–4.5) cm; abaxial glands
absent, apex obtuse to rounded or retuse. Inflorescence 1– Shrubs, 0.6–2 m tall, bushy; branches erect or arching.
10(–14)-flowered. Sepals ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, Stems 4-lined and ancipitous when young, sooner or later
4–5 mm wide, apex acute to obtuse. Capsule ovoid to ovoid- terete; internodes 1–6 cm, shorter than to exceeding leaves.
conic (4.5–6 mm wide). Leaves with petiole 0.5–2(–2.5) mm; blade narrowly elliptic or
elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to triangular-ovate, 2.5–
● 1500–2700 m. S and W Sichuan, NE Yunnan.
6.5 × 1–3.5(–3.8) cm, thickly papery to subleathery, abaxially
22b. Hypericum lagarocladum subsp. angustifolium N. Rob- paler or glaucous; laminar glands dots to rather long streaks;
son, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 43: 276. 2005. adaxial glands dense or sparse (near midvein) or absent; main
lateral veins 3–5-paired, sometimes prominent, tertiary reticu-
狭叶金丝桃 xia ye jin si tao
lation lax, obscure; base cuneate to rounded-truncate, apex acute
Plants to 1.2 m tall; branches arching to pendulous. Stem to apiculate-rounded. Inflorescence 1–11(–14)-flowered, from
internodes 1–2.5 cm. Leaves narrowly elliptic to narrowly lan- 1(or 2) nodes, nearly flat-topped; bracts narrowly lanceolate
ceolate, 2–4.5 × 0.8–1.1 cm; abaxial glands dense to absent, (upper) to leaflike (lower), persistent. Pedicels 4–10 mm (to 1.3
apex acute to obtuse. Inflorescence 1(or 2)-flowered. Sepals cm in fruit). Flowers 3–5 cm in diam., stellate to shallowly
lanceolate, ca. 3 mm wide, apex acuminate. Capsule narrowly cupped; buds ovoid-conic to broadly ovoid, apex acute to ob-
ovoid-conic (3–4.5 mm wide). tuse. Sepals spreading to outcurving or erect, equal to subequal,
● 400–1400 m. Guizhou, W Hunan, E Yunnan. narrowly to broadly ovate, 5–10 × 4–6 mm (enlarging in fruit to
1.4 × 1.2 cm), margin entire or distally minutely glandular-den-
23. Hypericum wilsonii N. Robson, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 95: 492. ticulate with hyaline margin, apex acute or apiculate to obtuse.
1970. Petals golden yellow, not or scarcely tinged red, broadly ovate
川鄂金丝桃 chuan e jin si tao to oblong, (1.5–)2–2.6 × 1.3–2.2 cm, 2–4.5 × as long as sepals,
eglandular, margin entire or eroded-denticulate, apiculus obtuse
Shrubs, 0.5–1 m tall; branches spreading or pendulous to to rounded or obsolete. Stamen fascicles each with 40–55 sta-
somewhat prostrate. Stems 4-lined and ancipitous when young, mens, longest 1–1.7 cm, 0.5–0.7 × as long as petals. Ovary nar-
becoming 2-lined, eventually terete; internodes 1–4.5 cm, rowly to broadly pyramidal-ovoid, 5.5–9 × 4–5 mm; styles 3.5–
shorter than to ca. as long as leaves. Leaves with petiole 0.5–1.5 7 mm, 0.45–0.85 × as long as ovary, free, suberect, outcurved
mm; blade elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate to lanceolate or ovate- near apex. Capsule narrowly cylindric-ellipsoid to broadly ovoid,
lanceolate, 2.3–5.5(–6) × (0.6–)1.2–2.9 cm, thickly papery, 1.5–2 × 0.8–1.2 cm. Seeds dark chestnut brown, 1–1.5 mm,
abaxially paler or ± glaucous; laminar glands dots and short to distally winged, otherwise variably carinate; testa linear-reticu-
longish streaks; abaxial glands sparse or absent; main lateral late. Fl. Mar–Jul(–Oct), fr. Jul–Oct. 2n = 36*.
veins 4- or 5-paired, tertiary reticulation scarcely visible; base
broadly cuneate to rounded, apex subacute or apiculate-obtuse ● Open forests, thickets, streamsides and grassy or stony slopes;
to rounded. Inflorescence (1–)3- to ca. 22-flowered, from 1(or 1500–2100 m. SW Guizhou (Anlong, Zhenfeng), C Sichuan (Hanyuan),
E Yunnan.
2) nodes, nearly round-topped; bracts narrow lanceolate to
leaflike, persistent. Pedicels 0.8–1.2 cm. Flowers 4–5(–6) cm in Hypericum beanii, like H. lagarocladum, shows a marked trend in
diam., stellate; buds narrowly ovoid-conic, apex acute to acu- variation, in this case from south to north. From S Yunnan (Mengzi) to
 CLUSIACEAE

the Kunming region, the leaves are mostly elliptic to lanceolate and Shrubs, to 1.5 m tall, bushy; branches erect. Stems 4-
acute and the main venation is not prominent, the flowers are stellate, angled and slightly ancipitous when young, very soon terete;
the sepals spread in bud and fruit, and the ovary and capsule are internodes 1.5–6(–9) cm, shorter than to exceeding leaves.
cylindric-ellipsoid to narrowly ovoid; northward into Sichuan, the Leaves with petiole 1.5–3 mm; blade lanceolate or oblong-
leaves become triangular-lanceolate to triangular-ovoid with rather
lanceolate to ± broadly ovate or triangular-ovate (l:w = 1.8–
prominent main venation, the flowers become cupped, the sepals be-
come erect in bud and fruit, and the ovary and capsule become broadly
2.5), (3–)3.7–6.7(–8.7) × (1.3–)1.6–4.6 cm, thickly papery,
pyramidal-ovoid. The transition, however, is gradual, so it is not pos- abaxially paler or glaucous; laminar glands dots and short
sible to recognize two subspecies. streaks; abaxial glands absent; main lateral veins 3- or 4-paired,
tertiary reticulation lax or not visible; base cuneate to rounded,
The easternmost population, in SW Guizhou (Anlong), is distinct margin plane, apex acute (when young) or obtuse to rounded.
in having broadly elliptic to oblong-ovate rounded leaves, sepals erect
Inflorescence 1–14-flowered, from apical node, nearly flat-
in fruit (flowering state not known), and ovoid capsules. It appears to
topped, rarely with flowering branches from lower nodes;
represent a separate morphological trend and, when better known, may
deserve taxonomic recognition (Hypericum beanii forma). In the key,
bracts narrowly elliptic or leaflike, persistent. Pedicels 3–14
this population runs down to lead 34a, not to lead 33a. mm (to 3 cm in fruit). Flowers 4–6 cm in diam., cupped; buds
broadly ovoid, apex acute to obtuse. Sepals erect, subequal,
25. Hypericum addingtonii N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. ovate to broadly elliptic, 0.8–1.3 cm × (5–)6–8 mm, laminar
Hist.), Bot. 12: 251. 1985. glands lines, margin entire, apex obtuse or apiculate-obtuse to
rounded. Petals golden yellow, broadly obovate, 2.3–3.7 × 1.8–
碟花金丝桃 die hua jin si tao
3 cm, ca. 3 × as long as sepals, eglandular, margin entire, apicu-
Shrubs, 1.5–2 m tall, spreading to 2.5 m wide; branches lus rounded. Stamen fascicles each with 45–55 stamens, longest
arching to spreading. Stems 4-angled but not ancipitous when (1–)1.4–2.1 cm, (0.5–)0.6–0.7 × as long as petals. Ovary broadly
young, soon terete; internodes 1–5 cm, shorter than leaves. ovoid, 7–8 × 6–7 mm; styles (5–)6–7 mm, 0.75–1(–1.1) × as
Leaves with petiole 1–2.5 mm; blade elliptic-oblong to ovate- long as ovary, free, suberect, outcurved near apex. Capsule
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, (2–)2.5–8.5 × 1–3.5 cm, thick- broadly ovoid, 1.2–1.5 × 1–1.5 cm. Seeds dark reddish brown,
ly papery, abaxially paler but not glaucous; laminar glands dots ca. 1.2 mm, carinate or nearly not; testa scalariform-reticulate.
and short streaks; adaxial glands absent or rarely sparse; main Fl. Jun–Oct, fr. (?Aug–)Sep–Nov.
lateral veins 3- or 4(or 5)-paired, without visible tertiary reticu- Open forests, forest edges, thickets, grassy slopes; 2500–
lation; base cuneate, apex apiculate or obtuse to rounded. In- 2900(–3700) m. SE Xizang (Zayü), NW and W Yunnan [NE India, N
florescence 1–3(–5)-flowered, from apical node, flat-topped; Myanmar].
bracts lanceolate, persistent. Pedicels 2–10 mm. Flowers (3–)5– Hypericum latisepalum is closely related (?ancestral) to H. bellum
6.5 cm in diam., shallowly cupped; buds ovoid, apex obtuse. but is morphologically distinct. It has a more southerly distribution,
Sepals erect, subequal, ovate to oblong-ovate or oblong-spatu- mainly S of the Himalayan range except for its incursion into Xizang.
late, 7–10 × 4.5–6.2 mm; laminar glands lines, sometimes in- Some populations approach the northern form of H. beanii closely in
terrupted; margin entire or minutely denticulate and some- morphology but can be distinguished by the ovoid rather than
times with narrowly hyaline margin, apex acute or apiculate pyramidal-ovoid ovary and the more deeply cupped flowers.
to obtuse. Petals golden yellow, broadly obovate to subcircular, 27. Hypericum bellum H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 308.
(2–)2.5–3.2 × (1.2–)1.5–3.2 cm, 3–4 × as long as sepals, eglan- 1944.
dular, margin entire or eroded-denticulate, apiculus rounded.
Stamen fascicles each with 40–45 stamens, longest 1.2–1.5 cm, 美丽金丝桃 mei li jin si tao
ca. 2/5 as long as petals. Ovary ovoid, 5–7 × 3–5 mm; styles Shrub 0.3–1.2 m tall, often forming low thickets; branches
4.5–5(–7) mm, 0.7–0.8(–1) × as long as ovary, free, suberect, arching. Stems 4-lined and slightly ancipitous when young,
outcurved near apex. Capsule ovoid to cylindric-ovoid, ca. 2 × very soon terete; internodes 1–6.5 cm, shorter than to exceeding
1–1.2 cm. Seeds dark reddish brown, 1–1.2 mm, not or scarcely leaves. Leaves with petiole 0.5–2.5 mm; blade elliptic or ovate-
carinate; testa linear-foveolate. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Oct. oblong to broadly rhombic or subcircular (l:w = 1.1–1.6), 1.5–
● Bamboo scrub, thickets on grassy slopes, Tsuga forest edges; 6.5 × 0.7–4.3 cm, thickly papery, abaxially paler or glaucous;
1800–3400 m. NW and W Yunnan (Gongshan, Weishan, Yunlong). laminar glands dots and short streaks; abaxial glands absent;
main lateral veins 3- or 4-paired, without visible tertiary reticu-
Hypericum addingtonii is very similar to some populations of the
lation; base truncate to subcordate or, if cuneate, then margin
southern form of H. beanii, differing from them by the more spreading
undulate, apex rounded to emarginate. Inflorescence 1–7-flow-
habit, the broader, apically obtuse to rounded leaves, the broader sepals,
and the relatively shorter stamens. Its affinities are clearly with the latter ered from apical node, nearly flat-topped; bracts narrowly ellip-
species and not, as had been thought, with H. hookerianum. tic to linear, persistent. Pedicels 4–15(–30) mm. Flowers 2.5–
3.5 cm in diam., cupped; buds ovoid, apex obtuse to rounded.
26. Hypericum latisepalum (N. Robson) N. Robson, Acta Phy- Sepals erect, subequal, narrowly elliptic or oblong to obovate,
totax. Sin. 43: 276. 2005. 3–9 × 2.5–6 mm, laminar glands lines, margin entire or finely
eroded-denticulate, eglandular and often with hyaline margin,
宽萼金丝桃 kuan e jin si tao
apex rounded or rarely subapiculate. Petals golden yellow to
Hypericum bellum subsp. latisepalum N. Robson, Bull. butter-yellow or rarely pale yellow, narrowly obovate, 1.5–
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 12: 274. 1985. 2.5(–3) × 1.1–2.1 cm, 3–6 × as long as sepals, eglandular, mar-
 CLUSIACEAE

gin entire, apiculus rounded. Stamen fascicles each with 45–50 lanceolate-oblong, 2–6.6(–8) × 0.5–3.5 cm, thickly papery,
stamens, longest 6–10(–11) mm, 0.35–0.4(–0.6) × as long as abaxially paler or somewhat glaucous; laminar glands dots and
petals. Ovary broadly to narrowly ovoid, 4–6 × 3–3.5 mm; short streaks; abaxial glands densest or present only near mid-
styles 3–5 mm, 0.6–0.9 × as long as ovary, free, suberect, out- vein; main lateral veins 2- or 3-paired, the upper forming
curved near apex. Capsule usually narrowly ovoid, 1–1.5 cm × distinct undulating intramarginal vein, tertiary reticulation lax,
6–10 mm. Seeds dark brown, not carinate; testa scalariform- obscure; base narrowly to ± broadly cuneate, apex rounded or
reticulate. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct. rarely apiculate-obtuse. Inflorescence 1–7(to ca. 25)-flowered,
Open forests, forest edges, thickets, grassy slopes; (1400–)1900– from apical node, nearly flat-topped; bracts narrowly lanceolate
3200(–3500) m. W Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [NE India]. to leaflike, persistent. Pedicels 4–11 mm. Flowers 3–5.5 cm in
diam., stellate to shallowly cupped; buds ovoid-pyramidal, sub-
Hypericum bellum shows a westward trend from plane leaves acute. Sepals erect to outcurved, subequal, broadly to narrowly
without adaxial glands (NW Yunnan) to undulate leaves with dense
ovate-oblong, 6–9(–13) × 3–7 mm, laminar glands lines, mar-
adaxial glands (W part of SE Xizang). The Yunnan plants are most
similar to H. latisepalum but can be distinguished inter alia by the gin entire or minutely denticulate toward apex with narrowly
narrower sepals and capsule (see key). hyaline margin, apex acute to subacuminate or obtuse. Petals
golden yellow, sometimes becoming reflexed, obovate, 1.6–3.3
28. Hypericum kouytchense H. Léveillé, Bull. Soc. Agric. × 1–2 cm, 2.5–3 × as long as sepals; apiculus obtuse; margin
Sarthe 39: 322. 1904. eglandular, entire or irregularly eroded-denticulate. Stamen fas-
贵州金丝桃 gui zhou jin si tao cicles each with ca. 40 stamens, longest 1.4–2 cm, 0.75–0.85 ×
as long as petals. Ovary ± broadly ovoid, 5–9 × 3.5–6 mm;
Norysca kouytchensis (H. Léveillé) Y. Kimura. styles 5.5–11 mm, somewhat longer than ovary, free, suberect
Shrubs, 1–1.8 m tall; branches erect or arching. Stems 4- to divergent, outcurved near apex. Capsule ovoid-conic to
lined and ± ancipitous when young, becoming 2-lined, eventu- ovoid, 1.2–1.7 × 1–1.4 cm. Seeds dark orange-brown, 1.5–2
ally terete; internodes 1–4 cm, shorter than to exceeding leaves. mm, narrowly carinate; testa linear-foveolate. Fl. Jun–Sep, fr.
Leaves with petiole 0.5–1.5 mm; blade elliptic or lanceolate to Sep–Nov.
ovate or triangular-ovate, 2–5.8 × 0.6–3 cm, thickly papery, ● Pinus forests, thickets, dry grassy or stony slopes; 1400–3800
abaxially paler but not or scarcely glaucous; laminar glands m. SW and W Sichuan, NE and NW Yunnan.
dots and short streaks; abaxial glands ± dense; main lateral
The area of distribution of Hypericum pseudohenryi overlaps that
veins 3- or 4(or 5)-paired, tertiary reticulation obscure or in-
of the closely related H. forrestii, and plants with characters intermed-
visible; base cuneate or subangustate to rounded, apex acute to iate between these species have been found.
obtuse or rarely rounded-apiculate. Inflorescence 1–7(–11)-
flowered, from 1(or 2) nodes, nearly flat-topped; bracts decid- 30. Hypericum forrestii (Chittenden) N. Robson, J. Roy. Hort.
uous, narrowly lanceolate to subleaflike. Pedicels 5–10 mm. Soc. 95: 491. 1970.
Flowers 4–6.5 cm in diam., stellate; buds narrowly ovoid, apex
川滇金丝桃 chuan dian jin si tao
acute to subacuminate. Sepals spreading, equal, narrowly ovate
to lanceolate, 0.7–1.5 cm × 2.5–7 mm, laminar glands lines, Hypericum patulum Thunberg var. forrestii Chittenden,
margin entire, apex acute to acutely acuminate. Petals bright J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 48: 234. 1923; H. patulum f. forrestii
golden yellow, sometimes becoming recurved, obovate-oblong (Chittenden) Rehder.
to obovate, 2.4–4 × 1.6–2.5 cm, ca. 3 × as long as sepals; mar-
gin minutely glandular-denticulate toward apex; apiculus acute. Shrubs, 0.3–1.5 m tall, bushy; branches erect or somewhat
Stamen fascicles each with 35–50 stamens, longest 1.8–2.9 cm, spreading. Stems 4-angled and slightly ancipitous when young,
0.7–0.8 × as long as petals. Ovary ovoid-pyramidal to narrowly soon terete; internodes 1–4.5(–6) cm, usually shorter than
ovoid, 6–8 × 4–6 mm; styles 8–10 mm, 1.2–1.35 × as long as leaves. Leaves with petiole 0.5–2 mm, rather broad; blade lan-
ovary, free, erect, slightly outcurved at apex. Capsule ± nar- ceolate or triangular-ovate to ± broadly ovate, 2.5–3(–6) × 0.9–
rowly ovoid-pyramidal to ovoid, 1.7–2 cm × 8–10 mm, turn- 3.2(–3.5) cm, thickly papery, abaxially paler but not glaucous;
ing bright red during maturation. Seeds dark purplish brown, laminar glands short streaks and dots; abaxial glands dense,
2–3.2 mm, narrowly winged; testa nearly smooth. Fl. May– especially near midvein; main lateral veins 4- or 5-paired, ter-
Jul(–?Aug), fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 36*, 40*. tiary reticulation obscure or invisible; base broadly cuneate to
rounded, apex obtuse to rounded or slightly retuse. Inflores-
● Pastures, hillsides, streamsides, among rocks; 1500–2000 m.
cence 1- to ca. 20-flowered, from 1(or 2) nodes, nearly flat-
Guangxi, Guizhou.
topped; bracts lanceolate or ± leaflike, persistent. Pedicels 4–10
29. Hypericum pseudohenryi N. Robson, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. mm. Flowers (2.5–)3.5–6 cm in diam., ± deeply cupped; buds
95: 493. 1970. broadly ovoid, apex obtuse to rounded. Sepals erect, subequal
to equal, ovate or ± broadly elliptic to subcircular, 6–9 × 3–8
北栽秧花 bei zai yang hua
mm; laminar glands lines, ± interrupted distally; margin entire
Shrubs, 0.7–1.7 m tall; branches erect to spreading. Stems or finely eroded-denticulate toward apex with margin often
4-angled and ancipitous in first year, then terete, stout; inter- hyaline, apex rounded or rarely subapiculate. Petals golden yel-
nodes 0.8–6 cm, shorter than to exceeding leaves. Leaves with low, broadly obovate, 1.8–3 × 1.1–2.5 cm, 3–3.5 × as long as
petiole 0.5–1 mm; blade ovate or ovate-oblong to lanceolate or sepals; margin entire or remotely glandular-subdenticulate; apic-
 CLUSIACEAE

ulus rounded. Stamen fascicles each with 40–65 stamens, long- mm, distally slightly carinate or winged; testa scalariform-retic-
est 1–1.5 cm, 0.4–0.6 × as long as petals. Ovary broadly ovoid, ulate. Fl. May–Sep, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 36, 38.
(4.5–)6–8 × 4–4.5 mm; styles 4–7 mm, 0.7–0.9(–1) × as long as Open stony situations on hillsides, sometimes beside streams, at
ovary, free, suberect, outcurved near apex. Capsule ± broadly Pinus forest margins; 1500–3000(–4000) m. WC Sichuan (Kangding,
ovoid, 1.2–1.8 × 0.8–1.4 cm. Seeds dark reddish brown, 1.2–1.7 Tianquan), N and SW Yunnan [NE Myanmar].

2. Hypericum sect. Takasagoya (Y. Kimura) N. Robson, Blumea 20: 252. 1973 [“1972”].
台湾金丝桃组 tai wan jin si tao zu
Takasagoya Y. Kimura, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 498. 1936.
Shrubs or shrublets, glabrous, without dark glands. Sepals free or united at base, margin entire. Petals and stamens deciduous
after anthesis; petal apiculus sometimes present. Stamen fascicles 5, free, anthers ± basifixed. Styles 5, completely united. Capsule
valves smooth. Seeds carinate or ± winged.
Five species: China (Taiwan), Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Uotori Island), Philippines (Luzon); four species (three endemic) in China.

31. Hypericum formosanum Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Takasagoya nakamurae Masamune, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc.
Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 27: 428. 1881. Taiwan 30: 410. 1940 [“nakamurai”].

台湾金丝桃 tai wan jin si tao Shrubs, more than 0.5 m tall; branches ± spreading. Stems
4-lined and ancipitous when young, soon terete; internodes 0.6–
Takasagoya formosana (Maximowicz) Y. Kimura. 3.5 cm, shorter than to exceeding leaves. Leaves sessile or
subsessile; blade oblong to elliptic or obovate, 1–2.7(–3) × 0.5–
Shrubs, ca. 22 cm tall; branches spreading and arching.
1(–1.3) cm, subleathery, abaxially paler but not glaucous;
Stems 4-lined and ancipitous when young, soon 2-lined to
laminar glands dots, prominent; abaxial glands absent; main
terete; internodes 1.5–6 cm, usually shorter than leaves. Leaves
lateral veins 1-paired, upper laterals forming distinct intramar-
sessile or with petiole to 1 mm; blade ovate or elliptic to
ginal vein, tertiary reticulation nearly invisible; base cuneate to
oblong-elliptic, 2–6 × 1.1–2.9 cm, subleathery, abaxially paler
angustate, apex acute. Inflorescence 1–3-flowered, terminal,
but not glaucous; laminar glands dots, prominent; abaxial glands
sometimes with 1-flowered short subsidiary branches from up
absent; main lateral veins 1- or 2-paired, the upper forming in-
to 3 nodes below, the whole short cylindric; bracts leaflike;
tramarginal vein, tertiary reticulation very faint or invisible; bracteoles narrowly elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, persistent.
base cuneate to rounded, apex subacute to rounded. Inflores- Pedicels ca. 1 cm. Flowers 4–6 cm in diam., stellate; buds nar-
cence 1–3-flowered, terminal, and 1- or 2-flowered on subsidi- rowly ovoid-pyramidal, apex acute. Sepals very slightly con-
ary branches from up to 7(–10) nodes below, the whole cylin- nate, spreading in flower, reflexed in fruit, linear-lanceolate to
dric; bracts leaflike, bracteoles narrowly elliptic, subpersistent. linear, 3.5–5(–8) × 0.7–1.2(–2) mm, laminar glands streaks and
Pedicels 5–10 mm. Flowers 2.5–3.5 cm in diam., stellate to dots, margin entire, apex subacute to rounded. Petals bright
very shallowly cupped; buds ± broadly ovoid, apex subacute to yellow, obovate, 2–2.8 × 1–2 cm, 3.5–6 × as long as sepals,
obtuse. Sepals very slightly connate, erect in bud, ascending in margin entire, eglandular, apiculus short. Stamen fascicles each
fruit, subequal to unequal, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic to ob- with ca. 15 stamens, longest 1.2–1.6 cm, ca. 0.6 × as long as
lanceolate or elliptic-ovate, 7–10 × 1.5–6 mm, laminar glands petals. Ovary narrowly ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5–3(–5) × ca. 1.5 mm;
lines and dots, margin entire, apex acute to subacute. Petals styles 1.05–1.2(–1.5) cm, ca. 4 × as long as ovary; stigmatic
golden yellow, obovate, (1–)1.3–1.7(–2) × 0.8–1.2 cm, ca. 2 × mass capitate. Capsule narrowly ovoid to cylindric, 7–9 × 3–4
as long as sepals, eglandular, margin entire, apiculus very short, mm. Seeds dark yellow-brown, 1.2–1.4 mm, with partial or
rounded. Stamen fascicles each with 25–40 stamens, longest entire narrow wing; testa linear-reticulate. Fl. Jun–?Jul, fr.
0.8–1.2 cm, ca. 0.7 × as long as petals. Ovary ovoid to sub- Aug–Sep.
globose, 3–4.5 × 3–3.5 mm; styles (6.5–)7–8(–8.5) mm, 1.5–2.5
● Open limestone rock crevices; 1400–2400 m. E Taiwan
× as long as ovary; stigmatic mass subglobose. Capsule broadly (Hualian).
ovoid, 8–9 × ca. 6 mm. Seeds 1–2 mm, with apical expansion;
testa ?linear-reticulate. Fl. Apr–Aug, fr. ?May–Sep. 33. Hypericum geminiflorum Hemsley, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 9:
144. 1895.
● On well-drained banks or in stony areas; sea level to 500 m. N
Taiwan (Taibei). 双花金丝桃 shuang hua jin si tao
The long sepals easily distinguish Hypericum formosanum from Shrubs, 0.5–1.5 m tall; branches often spreading and
all other species in H. sect. Takasagoya except H. nakamurae, which pendulous. Stems 4-lined and ancipitous when young, eventu-
has larger flowers and elliptic to obovate leaves. ally 2-lined to terete; internodes 0.9–3.5 cm, shorter than leaves.
32. Hypericum nakamurae (Masamune) N. Robson, Blumea Leaves subsessile; blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate to elliptic
20: 253. 1973 [“nakamurai,” “1972”]. or ovate, 1.8–4.5 × 0.6–2.2 cm, thickly papery, abaxially paler
but not glaucous; laminar glands dots, adaxially sometimes
清水金丝桃 qing shui jin si tao prominent; abaxial glands absent; main lateral veins 1- or 2-
 CLUSIACEAE

paired, the upper sometimes forming distinct intramarginal vein, 33b. Hypericum geminiflorum subsp. simplicistylum (Haya-
tertiary reticulation faint or invisible; base broadly to narrowly ta) N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 12: 295. 1985.
cuneate, margin incrassate, apex acute to obtuse or rounded-
小双花金丝桃 xiao shuang hua jin si tao
apiculate. Inflorescence 1(–3)-flowered, terminal and on soli-
tary or paired short subsidiary branches from up to 14 nodes Hypericum simplicistylum Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ.
below, the whole narrowly cylindric; bracts leaflike, bract- Tokyo 30(1): 40. 1911; H. geminiflorum var. simplicistylum
eoles deciduous, reduced. Pedicels 3–4 mm. Flowers 2–3 cm (Hayata) N. Robson; Takasagoya simplicistyla (Hayata) Y.
in diam., stellate; buds ovoid, apex acute to obtuse. Sepals free Kimura.
or slightly connate, erect, equal to subequal, broadly ovate or
triangular-ovate or subcircular to oblong-lanceolate, (1–)1.5–3 Shrubs, 0.3–0.4 m tall; branches erect or ascending. Sepals
× 1–2.5 mm, laminar glands mostly lines, margin entire, apex broadly ovate to oblong, 2.5–3 mm. Ovary 4–4.3 mm; styles
subacute to rounded. Petals bright yellow [or rarely white], 3.5–5 mm, 1–1.3(–1.5) × as long as ovary. Capsule cylindric to
obovate, 0.9–1.5 cm × 5–7 mm, 3–6 × as long as sepals, margin cylindric-ellipsoid.
entire, eglandular, apiculus obsolete or absent. Stamen fascicles ● Exposed stony ground, mountain slopes, roadsides; 1500–1800
each with 5–11 stamens, longest 6–10 mm, ca. 0.65 × as long as m. Taiwan.
petals. Ovary ± narrowly ellipsoid, 2.5–3.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm;
34. Hypericum subalatum Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ.
styles 4–6(–7) mm, 1–2 × as long as ovary; stigmatic mass cap-
Tokyo 30(1): 41. 1911.
itate to ellipsoid or cylindric. Capsule narrowly cylindric to
cylindric-conic, 5–11 × 3–5.5 mm. Seeds dark reddish brown, 方茎金丝桃 fang jing jin si tao
0.6–1.5 mm, narrowly carinate with apical expansions or ±
deeply winged; testa linear-reticulate. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Aug– Hypericum kushakuense R. Keller; Takasagoya subalata
Dec. (Hayata) Y. Kimura.
Open stony ground, mountain slopes, roadsides; 300–1800 m. Shrubs, more than 0.5 m tall; branches ± ascending. Stems
Taiwan [Philippines (Luzon)]. persistently 4-angled or narrowly 4-winged; internodes 1–2.5
Hypericum geminiflorum comprises two subspecies, one (subsp.
cm, shorter than leaves. Leaves sessile; blade narrowly elliptic
geminiflorum) occurring at relatively low altitudes in SE Taiwan and to lanceolate or narrowly oblong-elliptic, 1.9–7 × 0.5–1.6 cm,
Luzon, the other (subsp. simplicistylum) at higher altitudes in C and NW thickly papery, abaxially paler but not glaucous; laminar glands
Taiwan. dots, prominent; abaxial glands absent; main lateral veins 2- or
3-paired, sometimes forming intramarginal vein, tertiary reticu-
1a. Style 1.3–2 × as long as ovary; sepals lation faint or nearly invisible; base cuneate, apex acute to sub-
1–2.5 mm; branches often spreading acute or rounded-apiculate. Inflorescence 1-flowered, terminal
and pendulous ............................ 33a. subsp. geminiflorum and on short subsidiary branches from up to ca. 6 nodes below;
1b. Style ca. as long as ovary; sepals bracts leaflike, bracteoles leaflike to subulate, entire, deciduous.
2.5–3 mm; branches erect or Pedicels 6–12 mm. Flowers ca. 2.5 cm in diam., substellate;
ascending .................................. 33b. subsp. simplicistylum buds ovoid, apex acute. Sepals free or nearly so, erect, sub-
33a. Hypericum geminiflorum subsp. geminiflorum equal to unequal, oblong-linear to elliptic or oblanceolate, 5–8
× 1–2(–3) mm, laminar glands mostly lines, margin entire,
双花金丝桃(原亚种) shuang hua jin si tao (yuan ya zhong) apex subacute to acute or short acuminate. Petals bright yellow,
Hypericum acutisepalum Hayata; H. trinervium Hemsley; tinged red, obovate, 1–2 cm × ca. 6 mm, 1.5–2 × as long as
Takasagoya acutisepala (Hayata) Y. Kimura; T. geminiflora sepals; margin entire, eglandular; apiculus obsolete. Stamen
(Hemsley) Y. Kimura; T. trinervia (Hemsley) Y. Kimura. fascicles each with ca. 25 stamens, longest 9–10 mm, ca. 0.8 ×
as long as petals. Ovary ± narrowly ovoid, 2–4 × 0.7–1.3 mm;
Shrubs, 0.5–1.5 m tall; branches often spreading or pendu- styles (3.3–)4–7 mm, 2–2.5 × as long as ovary; stigmatic mass
lous. Sepals broadly ovate or triangular-ovate or subcircular to capitate. Capsule narrowly ovoid to cylindric, 7–9 × 3–4 mm,
oblong-lanceolate, 1–2.5 mm. Ovary 2.5–3.5 mm; styles 4– ca. 2 × as long as sepals. Seeds dark yellowish brown. 0.9–1.1
6(–7) mm, 1.3–2 × as long as ovary. Capsule narrowly cylindric mm, with long terminal expansion; testa linear-reticulate. Fl.
to narrowly cylindric-conic. Mar–Jul, fr. Aug–Jan.
Open stony ground; 300–1200 m. Taiwan [Philippines (Lu- ● Open limestone rock crevices; 400–900 m. E and N Taiwan
zon)]. (Hualian, Ilan, Taibei).

3. Hypericum sect. Roscyna (Spach) R. Keller in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6): 211. 1893.
黄海棠组 huang hai tang zu
Roscyna Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 5: 364. 1836.
Herbs, perennial, glabrous, without dark glands. Leaves without abaxial glands. Bracts and bracteoles deciduous or persistent.
Sepals free, entire. Petals and stamens usually persistent after anthesis; petal apiculus short or absent. Stamen fascicles 5, free or
occasionally apparently 4 (one pair united), anthers dorsifixed. Styles (4 or)5, partly united or more rarely free. Capsule valves longi-
tudinally vittate; seeds not or apically winged.
 CLUSIACEAE

Two species: Siberia, E Asia, and E North America; two species (one endemic) in China.

35. Hypericum ascyron Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 783. 1753. out most of S Siberia along with larger-flowered, less-branched forms
and is present alone in Kamchatka, the Kurile Islands, and Sakhalin. On
黄海棠 huang hai tang the other hand, Chinese authors have tended to include it in H. ascyron,
because intermediate forms occur in the north. The North American
Herbs, perennial, 0.5–1.3(–2) m tall, erect or sometimes
population, too, was recognized early at species level but none of the
ascending from short creeping base; stems single or few, cespi- characters said to distinguish it appears to be constant.
tose, unbranched or branched above or nearly throughout. Stems
4-angled when young, becoming 4-lined or occasionally inter- Under these circumstances, it seems best to distinguish the N
nodes 2-lined below. Leaves sessile; blade lanceolate or ± nar- Asian Hypericum gebleri and the North American H. pyramidatum
rowly ovate or oblong or elliptic to oblong-linear or oblanceo- Aiton as subspecies (see Robson, Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Bot.) 31:
37–88. 2001). It seems impossible to recognize the long-styled (mainly
late, (3–)4–9.7(–12) × (0.4–)0.7–3.5(–4) cm, thickly papery,
large-flowered and northern) plants and the narrow-fruited, C Chinese
abaxially rather paler but not glaucous; laminar glands dense,
ones (respectively var. longistylum and var. giraldii [var. hupehense]) as
unequal dots or short streaks; intramarginal glands dense; main distinct taxa, as both represent extremes of continuous variation. Like-
lateral veins 4–7-paired, tertiary reticulation dense, often ob- wise, the narrow-leaved, small-flowered form from S China (misidenti-
scure; base cuneate to cordate-amplexicaul, apex acute to sub- fied as var. angustifolium Y. Kimura) merges with more typical forms.
apiculate or obtuse (or lowermost rarely rounded). Inflores-
cence 1- to ca. 35-flowered from 1–5 nodes, the whole nearly 1a. Capsule ovoid to ovoid-pyramidal or
flat-topped to narrowly pyramidal, sometimes with flowering ovoid-cylindric; sepals 6–13 mm wide,
branches from up to 4 nodes below; bracts and bracteoles leaf- ovate to lanceolate or oblong or elliptic;
like but smaller and often broader, more rarely linear-lanceolate styles 4–15 mm, 0.7–2 × as long as
and deciduous. Flowers 3–7(–8) cm in diam., stellate with petals ovary, nearly free to up to 0.8 united;
spreading to reflexed; buds broadly to narrowly ovoid, apex leaves 7–40 mm wide, base cordate
rounded to subacute. Sepals free, erect, oblong to elliptic or to rounded ............................................ 35a. subsp. ascyron
ovate to ovate-lanceolate or obovate, subequal to unequal, the 1b. Capsule cylindric-ellipsoid; sepals
outer ones sometimes leaflike, (0.3–)0.5–1.5 cm × (1.5–)2– 1.5–7 mm wide, narrowly oblong to
7(–10) mm; laminar glands lines, distally interrupted to streaks; oblong-lanceolate; styles 2.5–3.5 mm,
marginal glands spaced, small, margin entire, apex rounded to ca. 1/2 as long as ovary, free; leaves
obtuse or rarely subacuminate to acute; veins 11–17. Petals 4–15 mm wide, base usually
bright (to ?golden) yellow, sometimes tinged red in bud, obo- cuneate .................................................. 35b. subsp. gebleri
vate or oblong-obovate to oblanceolate, often somewhat spatu-
late to subunguiculate, strongly curved to nearly straight, 1.4– 35a. Hypericum ascyron subsp. ascyron
4.1 × 0.5–2 cm, 2–3 × as long as sepals or shorter when sepals 黄海棠(原亚种) huang hai tang (yuan ya zhong)
leaflike; laminar glands lines to short streaks; marginal glands
absent; margin entire, apex rounded or obtuse to rarely acute to Ascyrum sibiricum Lamarck ex Poiret; Hypericum ascyron
acuminate; apiculus short and rounded or absent. Stamen fas- var. giraldii R. Keller; H. ascyron var. hupehense Pampanini;
cicles (?4 or)5, each with ca. 30 stamens, longest 0.9–2.5 cm, H. ascyron var. longistylum Maximowicz; H. ascyron var.
0.4–0.67 × as long as petals. Ovary broadly ovoid to narrowly micropetalum R. Keller; H. ascyron var. umbellatum R. Keller;
ovoid-pyramidal or ellipsoid; styles (4 or)5, 2.5–15 mm, 0.5–2 H. biondii R. Keller p.p.; H. hemsleyanum H. Léveillé &
× as long as ovary, free or up to 0.8 coherent or connate; stig- Vaniot; H. longifolium H. Léveillé; H. scallanii R. Keller;
mas broadly capitate to funnel-shaped. Capsule broadly to nar- Roscyna gmelinii Spach; R. japonica Blume.
rowly ovoid or ovoid-pyramidal or rarely narrowly cylindric,
Plants 0.5–1.3 m tall. Leaves 4–12 × (0.5–)0.7–4 cm, base
0.9–2.2(–3) cm × 5–13 mm, 2–3 × as long as sepals, apex ob-
usually cordate-amplexicaul. Flowers 4.5–8 cm in diam. Sepals
tuse to rounded. Seeds dark red-brown to yellow-brown, 1–1.5
ovate or oblong to elliptic or lanceolate or obovate, 6–10 mm
mm, deeply carinate or narrowly winged, sometimes with slight
wide, apex rounded to obtuse or rarely apiculate to acute. Styles
terminal expansion; testa densely shallowly linear-reticulate. Fl.
4–15 mm, 0.7–2 × as long as ovary, nearly free to 0.8 united.
Jun–Sep, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 16, 18, 20, 22 (usually 18).
Capsule ovoid to ovoid-pyramidal or ovoid-cylindric.
Moist to dry meadows, grassy or rocky slopes, sometimes in
forests or among scrub, streamsides and river banks; sea level to Throughout China except Xinjiang, Xizang, and parts of the north-
2800(–3600) m. Throughout China except Xizang [Japan, Korea, Mon- east [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Altai Mountains eastward except
golia, Russia (Altai to Kamchatka and Kurile Islands, Sakhalin), Viet- Sakhalin, Kamchatka, and Kurile Islands), ?Vietnam].
nam; North America (E Canada, NE United States)]. 35b. Hypericum ascyron subsp. gebleri (Ledebour) N. Rob-
Hypericum ascyron is a highly variable species or species com- son, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 31: 57. 2001.
plex with a very wide distribution. Although several variants have been
recognized as varieties or even species, the variation appears to be
短柱黄海棠 duan zhu huang hai tang
nearly continuous. Hypericum gebleri Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 3: 364. 1831; H.
The most frequently distinguished taxon has been Hypericum geb- ascyron var. brevistylum Maximowicz; H. ascyron var. macro-
leri, which most Russian authors have recognized, as it occurs through- sepalum Ledebour; Roscyna gebleri (Ledebour) Spach.
 CLUSIACEAE

Plants 0.5–1 m tall. Leaves 3–6 × 0.4–1.5 cm, base usually rowly ovoid to cylindric, apex obtuse to rounded. Sepals free or
cuneate. Flowers 0.45–5 cm in diam. Sepals narrowly oblong or basally united, erect in bud, spreading to deflexed in fruit,
oblong-lanceolate, 1.5–7 mm wide, apex rounded or usually subequal to unequal or rarely leaflike, narrowly or broadly
obtuse to acute. Styles 2.5–3.5 mm, ca. 0.5 × as long as ovary, oblong or elliptic to lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate or triangular-
free. Capsule cylindric-ellipsoid. lanceolate, 8–10 × 2–4 mm, sometimes enlarging to 1.5 cm ×
Heilongjiang, extreme W Xinjiang [N Korea, Mongolia, Russia 6.5(–8) mm in fruit; laminar glands rather sparse dots, distal
(Altai to Kamchatka, Sakhalin, N Kurile Islands)]. and submarginal; marginal glands dense, small, margin un-
dulate, apex rounded to obtuse or rarely short mucronate; veins
36. Hypericum przewalskii Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. (5–)7–9. Petals bright yellow, oblong-oblanceolate, 1.2–1.8 cm
Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 27: 431. 1881. × 4–8 mm, 1.5–1.8 × as long as sepals; laminar glands lines,
突脉金丝桃 tu mai jin si tao sometimes interrupted distally; marginal glands absent; margin
entire; apiculus absent. Stamen fascicles each with 15–30 sta-
Hypericum biondii R. Keller, p.p.; H. chinense Linnaeus mens, longest 1–2.4 cm, 0.85–1 × as long as petals. Ovary
var. minutum R. Keller; H. macrosepalum Rehder; H. obtusi- ovoid; styles 4.5–13 mm, 1–1.8 × as long as ovary, 0.5–0.9
folium R. Keller; H. pedunculatum R. Keller. united or appressed (when short); stigmas narrowly capitate.
Herbs, perennial, (0.17–)0.3–0.55 m tall, erect or some- Capsule broadly to narrowly ovoid or subcylindric, 1.4–2.1 ×
times ascending at base; stems few to numerous, simple or (0.5–)0.7–1.4 cm, 1–2.1 × as long as sepals, apex obtuse. Seeds
usually branched below inflorescence or throughout. Stems dark reddish brown to grayish brown, 1.3–1.5 mm, shallowly
incompletely 4-lined or 2-lined when young, nearly always carinate, without terminal expansion; testa densely linear-retic-
soon becoming terete. Leaves sessile; blade broadly oblong or ulate. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Jul–Oct.
oblong-ovate to narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate (reduced ● Mountain slopes, river bank thickets, meadows, roadsides;
in size down stem), 2–6.5(–8) × 1–3.2 cm, thickly papery, 2100–3400(–4000) m. Gansu, Henan, W Hubei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Si-
abaxially rather paler but not glaucous; laminar glands dense, chuan, N Yunnan.
unequal dots or short streaks; intramarginal glands dense; main
Hypericum przewalskii is closely related to H. ascyron, differing
lateral veins 4–6-paired, with densely reticulate tertiary vena-
from it essentially by the obtuse to retuse leaf apex and usually 2-lined
tion not or scarcely prominent abaxially; base cordate-amplexi- mature stem internodes. Hypericum macrosepalum seems to be aberrant
caul, apex rounded to shallowly retuse. Inflorescence 1–7-flow- in having more persistently 4-angled internodes, but is otherwise typical
ered from 1–3 nodes, flat-topped, sometimes with flowering of forms with leaflike sepals in fruit. Hypericum pedunculatum typically
branches from up to 5 nodes below, the whole then narrowly has longer, narrower leaves and is more branched than typical H. prze-
pyramidal to cylindric; bracts and bracteoles leaflike, ovate, walskii, but there is a complete intergradation between it and the typical
entire, persistent. Flowers 2–4 cm in diam., stellate; buds nar- form.

4. Hypericum sect. Sampsonia N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 31: 63. 2001.

元宝草组 yuan bao cao zu

Herbs or rarely suffrutices, perennial, glabrous, with dark (black) glands present on leaves, petals, anthers, and usually sepals.
Stems terete, eglandular. Leaves perfoliate, entire. Bracts and bracteoles deciduous or persistent, margin entire. Sepals and petals 5;
persistent after anthesis, sepals free, entire, petal apiculus absent. Stamen fascicles apparently 3, anthers dorsifixed. Styles 3, free.
Capsule valves vesiculate. Seeds not carinate or winged, testa ribbed-scalariform.
Two species: S Japan and China (Taiwan) to India (Meghalaya); one species in China.

37. Hypericum sampsonii Hance, J. Bot. 3: 378. 1865. flat-topped; flowering branches from up to 6 nodes below, the
whole flat-topped to subpyramidal or cylindric; uppermost bract
元宝草 yuan bao cao pair and bracteoles deciduous, and linear-lanceolate to linear,
Hypericum electrocarpum Maximowicz; H. esquirolii H. other bracts persistent, leaflike, margin entire. Flowers 6–
10(–15) mm in diam., substellate with cupped base; buds ovoid,
Léveillé.
apex obtuse. Sepals free, erect, unequal, oblong to oblong-
Herbs, perennial, 20–80 cm tall, erect from decumbent spatulate or linear-oblong, 3–7(–10) × 1–3 mm; laminar glands
rooting base; stems single or few, branched above or nearly ± numerous, pale and rarely black, streaks to dots; intramar-
throughout; branches curved-ascending. Stems terete, eglan- ginal glands black, irregular, or rarely absent, margin entire,
dular. Leaves in perfoliate pairs; blade broadly or narrowly lan- apex rounded; veins (3 or)5. Petals bright yellow, elliptic-
ceolate to oblong or oblanceolate, (2–)2.5–7(–8) × (0.7–)1–3.5 oblong, 4–8(–13) × 1.5–4(–7) mm; laminar glands pale (very
cm, thickly papery, abaxially paler, not glaucous; laminar gland rarely a few black), short streaks to dots; marginal glands black,
dots all pale to mostly black, dense; intramarginal glands black, sessile or subsessile; margin entire or subentire. Stamens 30–42,
dense; main lateral veins 4- or 5-paired, tertiary reticulation apparently 3-fascicled, longest (2–)3–4(–6) mm, ca. 1/2 as long
rather lax; common base somewhat expanded, rounded, apex as petals. Ovary ovoid to narrowly pyramidal; styles 3, ca. 2
obtuse to rounded. Inflorescence 20–40-flowered from 2 nodes, mm, ca. 0.65 × as long as ovary, outcurving. Capsule broadly
 CLUSIACEAE

ovoid to broadly or narrowly ovoid-pyramidal, 6–9 × 4–5 mm, Hance and apparently all succeeding authors placed this species
exceeding sepals; valves with scattered ovoid to ± elongate in Hypericum sect. Drosocarpium Spach on the basis of its vesicular-
amber vesicular glands. Seeds orange-brown, ca. 1 mm; testa gland-dotted capsule valves, despite its wide morphological and geo-
finely ribbed-scalariform. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jun–Oct. graphic differences from all species in that mainly SE European sec-
tion. Disregarding its specialization, H. sampsonii and the closely re-
Thickets, streamsides, grassy places, roadsides and cultivated lated H. assamicum S. N. Biswas from NE India are morphologically
margins; 100–1700 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, a development from H. przewalskii. The combination of perfoliate
Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, leaf pairs and vesicular-glandular capsule valves is confined to H.
Yunnan, Zhejiang [S Japan, E Myanmar, N Vietnam]. sect. Sampsonia.
5. Hypericum sect. Elodeoida N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 31: 66. 2001.
挺茎遍地金组 ting jing bian di jin zu
Herbs, perennial, glabrous, with dark (black or reddish) glands present on leaves and anthers and usually on sepals and petals.
Stems terete, eglandular. Leaves free, entire. Bracts and bracteoles persistent, entire to gland-fringed, sometimes auriculate. Sepals
and petals 5, persistent after anthesis, sepals free, entire to gland-fringed, petals entire to glandular-ciliate, apiculus present or absent.
Stamen fascicles apparently 3, anthers dorsifixed. Styles 3, free. Capsule valves longitudinally vittate. Seeds not carinate, testa
scalariform-reticulate to foveolate.
Seven species: from SE China to Kashmir; seven species (three endemic) in China.

38. Hypericum seniawinii Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. 4–5 mm, exceeding sepals. Seeds 0.5–0.8 mm; testa finely fo-
Saint-Pétersbourg 27: 434. 1881 [“seniawini”]. veolate. Fl. (Jun–)Jul–Sep, fr. Aug–Nov.
密腺小连翘 mi xian xiao lian qiao Slopes, grasslands, roadsides; (100–)500–1600(–2000) m. Anhui,
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi,
Hypericum lateriflorum H. Léveillé; H. lianzhouense L. H. Sichuan, Zhejiang [N Vietnam].
Wu & D. P. Yang; H. lianzhouense subsp. guangdongense L.
Hypericum seniawinii and the very closely related H. hengshan-
H. Wu & D. P. Yang.
ense appear to be southeastern derivatives of the H. pedunculatum form
Herbs, perennial, (0.15–)0.3–0.6(–1.15) m tall, erect from of H. przewalskii. Hypericum seniawinii differs from H. hengshanense
creeping, rooting and sometimes branching base; stems usually in lacking glandular auricles on the leaves but sometimes bears these on
the bracts and bracteoles, and the leaves are usually relatively narrower
single, sometimes branched above, branches virgate to curved-
than in that species; but in both species the leaves become markedly
ascending. Stems terete, eglandular. Leaves sessile or with
narrower toward the south of their respective ranges. Hypericum lian-
broad “petiole” to 1 mm; blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, zhouense and H. lianzhouense var. guangdongense fall within the range
(1.5–)2–5.2 cm × 5–13(–16) mm, thickly papery, abaxially of variation and area of distribution of H. seniawinii in most respects,
paler and rarely minutely papillose (Guangdong), not or ± but the relative style length cited for the species (ca. 4 × as long as the
densely glaucous; laminar gland dots pale, dense, rather large; ovary) is longer than that obtained from previous observations.
intramarginal glands all black or the occasional one pale, dense;
39. Hypericum petiolulatum J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex
main lateral veins 3(or 4)-paired, tertiary reticulation dense;
Dyer in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: 255. 1874.
base subcordate-amplexicaul to broadly or narrowly cuneate,
apex obtuse to rounded. Inflorescence 5–50-flowered, from 1–3 短柄小连翘 duan bing xiao lian qiao
nodes, dense, nearly flat-topped to broadly pyramidal; flow-
Herbs, perennial (?or annual), 1–50 cm, erect or ascending
ering branches from up to 9 nodes below (often with a gap of
to procumbent or prostrate from creeping and rooting base;
sterile nodes), the whole then cylindric; bracts and bracteoles
stems much branched, branches curved-ascending to spreading
ovate to linear-lanceolate, entire or occasionally with basal
or straggling, all or mostly flowering. Stems terete, slender,
glandular cilia or rudimentary auricles. Flowers 0.9–1.5(to ca.
eglandular. Leaves with petiole 1–7(–10) mm; blade oblong or
2) cm in diam., conic to stellate or recurved; buds ellipsoid, apex lanceolate-elliptic to obovate or suborbicular, 0.5–3.5(–5.2) ×
acute to obtuse. Sepals free, erect, subequal to equal, oblong- 0.3–1(–1.7) cm, thickly papery to submembranous, abaxially
lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2.5–5(–7) × 1–2 mm; laminar paler or ± glaucous; laminar gland dots pale, rather large, fairly
glands pale, lines to streaks; marginal glands all black or rarely dense, usually ± prominent, rarely also 1 or 2 black; intra-
a few pale, in regular or interrupted row, sessile or slightly marginal or marginal glands black, ± dense especially distally;
prominent, margin entire or subentire, apex acute; veins (3 main lateral veins 3-paired, tertiary reticulation fine, rather
or)5. Petals ?bright yellow, narrowly oblong to narrowly dense; base cuneate to angustate or more rarely rounded to
oblanceolate-elliptic, 7–10(–14) × 2–3 mm, 2–3 × as long as subcordate, apex rounded to rarely obtuse. Inflorescence (1–)5–
sepals; laminar glands pale, streaks to dots, or absent; marginal 28-flowered, from 1 or 2 nodes, usually with long (1–)3–7-
glands black, distal, sessile or more proximal immersed; margin flowered branches from up to 5 nodes below, the whole nar-
subentire. Stamens 24 to ca. 55, apparently 3-fascicled, longest rowly to broadly pyramidal; bracts and bracteoles linear (or
5–12 mm, slightly shorter than petals. Ovary narrowly ovoid, lower bracts leaflike), entire or more rarely with scattered black
1.5–3 × 0.7–1.3 mm; styles 3, (2.5–)4–10(–12.5) mm, 1.5–3(– marginal glands, sessile or on short cilia, and sometimes
4) × as long as ovary, divaricate-incurved. Capsule ovoid, 5–6 × glandular auricles. Flowers 5–8 mm in diam., stellate; buds
 CLUSIACEAE

ellipsoid, apex obtuse. Sepals free, erect in bud, ± spreading in Hypericum yunnanense Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France
fruit, equal to unequal, very narrowly oblong-lanceolate or 33: 437. 1886; H. centiflorum H. Léveillé; H. mairei H.
rarely narrowly elliptic-oblong to linear, 2.3–3.2(–3.4) × 0.5– Léveillé (1912), not H. Lévéille (1915); H. pseudopetiolatum R.
0.9 mm; laminar glands pale or rarely black, lines to dots, vari- Keller var. grandiflorum Pampanini; H. qinlingense X. C. Du &
able in size and number; marginal or submarginal glands black Y. Ren.
or reddish, few (sometimes only apical) or absent; margin entire Stems erect to decumbent, rooting at base, branches
or occasionally sparsely glandular-ciliate (especially toward curved-ascending. Leaf blade lanceolate or oblong to oblong-
base), apex acute or rarely subacute; veins 3. Petals ?bright lanceolate (broadest at or below middle), 1.5–4 × 0.6–1.6 cm.
yellow, narrowly oblong, 3–5.5 × 1–1.2 mm, ca. 1.5 × as long Inflorescence from 2 or 3 nodes. Styles 1.5–2.2 mm, 1–1.3 × as
as sepals; laminar glands pale, 1 or 2 dots, or absent; marginal long as ovary.
glands 1 or 2 near apex and occasionally elsewhere, sessile or
immersed; margin entire. Stamens (9–)17–22, apparently 3- Grassy slopes, cliffs, roadsides, forest margins, grasslands;
(300–)800–3100 m. Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan,
fascicled, longest (2.5–)3–5 mm, 0.7–1 × as long as petals.
Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [N Vietnam].
Ovary ± broadly to narrowly ellipsoid; styles 3(or 4), (0.5–)1–
2.5 mm, 0.65–1.3 × as long as ovary, outcurving. Capsule 40. Hypericum hubeiense L. H. Wu & D. P. Yang, Acta Phy-
broadly ovoid to orbicular, 3.5–4 × ca. 3.5 mm, exceeding totax. Sin. 42: 74. 2004.
sepals. Seeds yellow-brown, 0.5–0.6 mm; testa densely but 湖北金丝桃 hu bei jin si tao
shallowly reticulate-scalariform. Fl. Jun–Aug(–Oct), fr. Aug–
Nov. Herbs, perennial, erect, 40–50 cm tall; stems ?single,
unbranched or branched toward inflorescence. Stems terete,
Mountain slopes, thickets, grasslands, grassy slopes, stream banks, eglandular. Leaves sessile; blade oblong-ovate, 1.5–3.8 × 1–
cliffs, roadsides, forest margins; (300–)800–3100 m. Fujian, Guangxi,
1.6 cm, thickly papery; laminar glands pale; intramarginal
Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, SE Xizang,
glands black, dense; main lateral veins 3–5-paired, tertiary re-
Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, N Myanmar, Nepal, N Vietnam].
ticulation; base cordate-amplexicaul, without glandular auri-
Hypericum petiolulatum is closely related to H. seniawinii, of cles, margin entire, apex rounded. Inflorescence ca. 17-flow-
which it appears to be an upland derivative. It has two subspecies: ered, from 2 nodes, nearly flat-topped; bracts and bracteoles
subsp. yunnanense is confined to China and adjacent N Vietnam, lanceolate, entire. Pedicel 1–6 mm. Flowers ca. 1.8 cm in diam.,
whereas subsp. petiolulatum is distributed from Yunnan, Sichuan, and stellate. Sepals ?free, erect, unequal, narrowly ovate to lanceo-
Xizang along the Himalayan range to Nepal.
late, 4–6.8 × 0.8–1.8 mm, margin entire; laminar glands black,
Hypericum petiolulatum subsp. yunnanense has been confused lines to streaks; intramarginal glands black, spaced, median and
with smaller-flowered forms of H. seniawinii with narrow and/or cun- distal; apex acute to subacute; veins 3. Petals obovate-oblong to
eate-based leaves, but can be distinguished from them by the shorter narrowly ovate, 8.5–12 × 2.5–3.5 mm, ca. 2 × as long as sepals;
styles and smaller, broader capsule and usually by the absence or pauc- laminar glands black, streaks; marginal glands black, sessile or
ity of marginal sepal glands (not in a continuous row). subsessile; margin entire. Stamens 70–90, apparently 3-fas-
1a. Styles 1–1.5 mm, ca. 0.7 × as long cicled, longest 6–9.5 mm, ca. 0.75 × as long as petals. Ovary
as ovary; leaves broadest at or above ovoid, 1.5–3.5 × ca. 1.5 mm; styles 3, suberect, 4.5–6.5 mm, 2–
3 × as long as ovary. Capsule ovoid, 5–6 × ca. 4 mm, equaling
middle; inflorescence usually from
sepals; valves with numerous longitudinal vittae. Seeds dark
apical node only ........................... 39a. subsp. petiolulatum
brown, 7–8 mm; testa densely scalariform-pitted. Fl. Jul–Aug,
1b. Styles 1.5–2.2 mm, 1–1.3 × as long
fr. Aug–Sep.
as ovary; leaves broadest at or below
middle; inflorescence from 2 or 3 ● Thickets; ca. 1600 m. Hubei (Badong).
nodes ............................................. 39b. subsp. yunnanense Hypericum hubeiense is morphologically intermediate between H.
seniawinii and H. hengshanense, having entire bracts and longer styles
39a. Hypericum petiolulatum subsp. petiolulatum
like the former but broader leaves like the latter.
短柄小连翘(原亚种) duan bing xiao lian qiao (yuan ya zhong) 41. Hypericum hengshanense W. T. Wang, Bull. Bot. Lab. N.
Hypericum petiolulatum var. orbiculatum Franchet; H. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5: 27. 1979.
thomsonii R. Keller. 衡山金丝桃 heng shan jin si tao
Stems decumbent to prostrate, branches ± diffuse. Leaf Hypericum hengshanense var. xinlinense Z. Y. Li.
blade oblanceolate to elliptic or orbicular (broadest at or above
middle), 0.5–2.5 × 0.4–1.1(–1.5) cm. Inflorescence usually from Herbs, perennial, 0.62–1 m tall, erect from creeping and
1 node. Styles 1–1.5 mm, 0.65–0.75 × as long as ovary. rooting base; stems ?single, short branched above; branches
virgate. Stems terete, eglandular. Leaves sessile; blade oblong-
Mountain slopes, thickets, grasslands; 2100–3000 m. SW Sichuan, lanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic, (1.5–)3–6 × (0.3–)0.7–
SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, N Myanmar, Nepal]. 1.6 cm, thickly papery, abaxially paler but not glaucous; lami-
nar gland dots pale, scattered; intramarginal glands black, ±
39b. Hypericum petiolulatum subsp. yunnanense (Franchet)
dense; main lateral veins 2(or 3)-paired, tertiary reticulation
N. Robson, Blumea 20: 262. 1973 [“1972”].
dense; base slightly oblique-cuneate or (uppermost) rounded, at
云南小连翘 yun nan xiao lian qiao least upper with black-glandular-fimbriate auricles, margin
 CLUSIACEAE

entire or black-glandular-ciliate, apex obtuse. Inflorescence 5- styles 3, (3–)4–8 mm, ca. 2 × as long as ovary, divaricate,
to ca. 18-flowered, from (1 or)2 or 3 nodes, nearly flat-topped curved-ascending or straight. Capsule ovoid, 5–8 × 4–5.5 mm,
to broadly pyramidal; bracts and bracteoles linear-lanceolate to ca. as long as sepals. Seeds yellow-brown, 0.5–0.6 mm; testa
linear, with margin and auricles black-glandular-fimbriate. densely scalariform-reticulate. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n =
Pedicel 0.5–3(–6) mm. Flowers 1.5–2.5 cm in diam., stellate; 16, 32.
buds ellipsoid, apex obtuse. Sepals free, erect, equal, oblong- Forests, thickets, damp meadows and rice fields, grassy slopes,
lanceolate to linear-oblong, ca. 7 × 1.5–2 mm, glandular-ciliate; tracksides; 2100–3000 m. Guangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan; also
laminar glands pale, lines to streaks; intramarginal glands black, recorded from Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi
few, distal or absent; marginal glands on cilia; apex acute; veins [Bhutan, N India (W Himalayas, Sikkim), Kashmir, W Myanmar,
3. Petals ?golden yellow, narrowly oblong, 9–15 × 2.5–3 mm, Nepal].
ca. 2 × as long as sepals; laminar glands pale, streaks to dots; Hypericum elodeoides is apparently derived from H. heng-
marginal glands black, sessile or subsessile; margin entire. shanense, having shorter leaves and styles than the latter and being in
Stamens 30–35, apparently 3-fascicled, longest 8–15 mm, 0.6– general smaller than it. A reduction trend runs mainly E–W along the
0.75 × as long as petals. Ovary ovoid; styles 3, 6–18 mm, 3–7 Himalayan range to Kashmir, the smaller plants having linear leaves. A
× as long as ovary, divaricate-incurved. Capsule ovoid, 5.5– separate subspecies with entire leaves, bracts, sepals, and petals, H. elo-
6(–?9) × 3–3.5(–?4) mm, exceeding sepals. Seeds dark brown, deoides subsp. wardii N. Robson, occurs in NE India (Manipur) and W
ca. 1 mm; testa densely scalariform-reticulate. Fl. Jul, fr. ? (coll. Myanmar.
Dec). 43. Hypericum austroyunnanicum L. H. Wu & D. P. Yang,
● Slopes, thickets, roadsides; 600–1000 m. Guangdong (Lian- Acta Phytotax. Sin. 40: 77. 2002.
shan), Guangxi (“Tong Shan”), Hunan (Heng Shan, Xinning), Jiangxi 滇南金丝桃 dian nan jin si tao
(Yongxin).
Herbs, perennial, erect from short rooting base, ca. 30 cm
Hypericum hengshanense is closely related to H. seniawinii, dif- tall; stems several, not branched below inflorescence. Stems
fering from it by its longer styles, glandular-ciliate sepals, and gland-
terete, eglandular. Leaves sessile, 3-whorled; blade oblong-
ular-auriculate leaves and bracts. The Guangxi populations have small,
lanceolate, 1.5–3 × 0.5–1 cm, ?thickly papery; laminar glands
relatively narrower leaves and smaller flowers.
pale, dense; intramarginal glands black, sparse; main lateral
42. Hypericum elodeoides Choisy in Candolle, Prodr. 1: 551. veins 2- or 3-paired; base subcordate-amplexicaul, asymmetric,
1824. the upper with densely glandular-ciliate auricles, margin entire,
apex obtuse. Inflorescence 16-flowered, from terminal node,
挺茎遍地金 ting jing bian di jin corymbiform-subglobose, with flowering branches from one
Hypericum napaulense Choisy. node below; bracts and bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, with
margin and auricles black-glandular-ciliate. Pedicel ca. 5 mm.
Herbs, perennial, 0.15–0.5(–0.73) m tall, erect (sometimes Flowers ca. 1 cm in diam. Sepals erect, ?subequal, ovate, 3.5–5
from creeping and rooting base); stems cespitose, unbranched × 1–2 mm, glandular-ciliate; laminar glands ?pale; marginal
or rarely branched above; branches virgate. Stems terete, eglan- glands black, on cilia and a few sessile or submarginal; apex
dular. Leaves sessile; blade lanceolate or more rarely ovate-lan- acute; veins 5. Petals oblong, 4–5 × 1–2 mm; laminar glands
ceolate to oblong-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic to linear, 1–5 × pale; marginal glands black, distal, sessile; margin entire.
(0.2–)0.4–1.2(–1.7) cm, thickly papery, abaxially paler but not Stamens 10–13, apparently 3-fascicled, longest 3–4 mm, 0.75–
glaucous; laminar glands pale, dense, large, dots or short streaks; 0.8 × as long as petals. Ovary 3-loculed, ovoid, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm;
intramarginal glands black, sparse; main lateral veins (2 or)3- styles 3, outcurving, ca. 1.7 mm, ca. 0.8 × as long as ovary.
paired, tertiary reticulation lax; base cordate-amplexicaul to Capsule ovoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm, ca. as long as sepals; valves laxly
rounded, the upper usually with glandular-ciliate auricles, mar- longitudinally vittate. Seeds blackish brown, ca. 0.5 mm; testa
gin entire or (upper) glandular-ciliate toward base, apex acute to linear-pitted. Fl. & fr. Aug.
subacute or more rarely obtuse to rounded. Inflorescence (1–)5- ● Roadsides and dry waste places; 1600–1700 m. W Yunnan.
to ca. 30-flowered, from 1(–4) nodes, corymbiform to cylindric,
In most respects Hypericum austroyunnanicum falls within the
very rarely with flowering branches from 1 or 2 nodes below;
range of variation of H. elodeoides; but, discounting the ternate leaves
bracts and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or (a character that is rarely species-specific in the genus), the small flow-
linear, with margin and auricles black-glandular-ciliate or very ers with ovate sepals and short styles would seem to distinguish it from
rarely subentire to entire without auricles. Pedicel 3–12 mm. that species.
Flowers 1–2 cm in diam., stellate; buds ellipsoid. Sepals free,
erect, equal, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate to narrowly oblong- 44. Hypericum kingdonii N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
lanceolate, 5–9 × 1–1.5(–3) mm, glandular-ciliate; laminar glands Hist.), Bot. 31: 74. 2001.
pale or black, lines or streaks; marginal glands black, on cilia 察隅遍地金 cha yu bian di jin
and a few sessile; apex acute; veins 5. Petals golden yellow,
Hypericum wightianum Wallich ex Wight & Arnott subsp.
oblanceolate to obovate-oblong, 7–15 × 3–4 mm; laminar glands
axillare N. Robson.
black and sometimes a few pale, lines to dots, dense to sparse;
marginal glands black, distal, few, sessile; margin entire. Sta- Herbs, perennial, 15–48 cm tall, suberect to decumbent
mens ca. 60, apparently 3-fascicled, longest 6–11 mm, ca. 0.75 from short rooting base, with stems usually branched from
× as long as petals. Ovary narrowly ovoid, 2–4 × 1.3–1.7 mm; upper to nearly all nodes. Stems terete, eglandular; internodes
 CLUSIACEAE

1–2.5 cm, longer than leaves. Leaves sessile, lower soon decid- minate; veins 3–5, branching; laminar glands pale, linear to
uous; leaf blade broadly ovate-oblong or broadly elliptic to sub- punctiform and often a few black, punctiform; marginal or
orbicular, 6–14 × 3–7 mm, recurved, subpapery, abaxially pale intramarginal glands black, irregular, often between glandular
or glaucous; laminar glands pale, punctiform, small, dense; in- cilia or fimbriae. Petals 5, ?golden yellow, not tinged red in
tramarginal glands black, dense; main lateral veins 3 or 4 pairs bud, narrowly ovate, 6–8 mm, 1.3–1.5 × as long as sepals,
from lower 2/5 of midvein, tertiary reticulation lax or apparent- margin entire, apex acute; laminar glands sparse to rather dense,
ly absent; base shallowly cordate to rounded, margin entire, black, striiform to punctiform; marginal glands distal and in
apex rounded. Inflorescence 5–25-flowered from 1 or 2 nodes, apiculus, black. Stamens 20–25, apparently 3-fascicled, longest
usually with flowering branches from up to 6 nodes below and 5–6 mm, 0.7–0.85 × as long as petals; anther gland black.
often also toward base of stem, the whole narrowly pyramidal Ovary 3-loculed, ellipsoid, ca. 2 × 1 mm; styles 3, ca. 3 mm, ca.
to subcylindric. Pedicel 1–2 mm; bracts and bracteoles narrow- 1.5 × as long as ovary, ± divergent; stigmas narrow. Capsule
ly elliptic or linear-lanceolate, black glandular-denticulate to - narrowly ovoid to ellipsoid, 5–7 × 3.5–4.5 mm, ca. 1.1 × as
fimbriate or subentire, with intercalary sessile black glands and long as sepals; valves with numerous longitudinal vittae. Seeds
± well-developed black-gland-fringed auricles, persistent. Flow- yellowish brown, ca. 0.5 mm, not carinate; testa finely scalari-
ers 8–14 mm in diam., stellate; buds ellipsoid, apex obtuse. form.
Sepals 5, erect in bud and fruit, equal, lanceolate to oblong-
Rice paddy embankments, grassy slopes; 1200–2700 m. SE Xi-
linear, 4.5–6 × (1–)1.5–2 mm, margin irregularly glandular- zang, NW Yunnan [NE India, N Myanmar].
denticulate to -fimbriate or subentire, apex acute to subacu-
6. Hypericum sect. Monanthema N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 31: 75. 2001.
单花遍地金组 dan hua bian di jin zu
Herbs, perennial, glabrous, with dark (black or reddish) glands present on leaves, sepals, petals, and anthers. Stems terete or,
when thin, 2–4-lined, eglandular or rarely with reddish glands on lines. Leaves free, often gland-fringed, sometimes glandular-
auriculate. Bracts and bracteoles entire or gland-fringed, often auriculate. Sepals and petals 4 or 5, persistent after anthesis, sepals
free, entire to gland fringed, petals entire or with apical glandular cilium. Stamens apparently 3-fascicled. Styles (2 or)3(or 4), free.
Capsule valves longitudinally vittate. Seeds not carinate, testa scalariform-reticulate to foveolate.
Seven species: from SW China to S India and Pakistan; seven species (two endemic) in China.

45. Hypericum daliense N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), ● Open situations among scrub; 2400–3100 m. Yunnan (Dali and
Bot. 31: 83. 2001. Lijiang ranges).
Hypericum daliense resembles a large form of H. wightianum (to
大理金丝桃 da li jin si tao
which it is clearly closely related), differing from that species inter alia
Herbs, perennial, 0.15–0.4 m tall, erect from creeping and in its larger flowers, larger, all sessile and mostly elliptic-oblong leaves
rooting base; stems single or few, unbranched (?always). Stems (which are all entire, i.e., the upper ones are not basally glandular-
fimbriate), and larger, cylindric-ellipsoid capsule. It provides a morpho-
4-angled when young, soon terete or faintly 2-lined, eglandular.
logical link between H. wightianum and the H. macrosepalum form of
Leaves sessile; blade elliptic-oblong to (upper) lanceolate, 2.2– H. przewalskii from N Yunnan.
4.5 × 0.7–2.1 cm, thinly papery, abaxially paler, not glaucous;
laminar gland dots pale, dense, ± small; intramarginal glands 46. Hypericum wightianum Wallich ex Wight & Arnott, Prodr.
black, dense; main lateral veins 4-paired (lowermost weak), ter- Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 99. 1834.
tiary reticulation rather dense; base rounded-amplexicaul, mar- 遍地金 bian di jin
gin entire, apex rounded. Inflorescence 5–14-flowered, from 1
or 2 nodes, nearly flat-topped, congested; bracts and bracteoles Hypericum bodinieri H. Léveillé & Vaniot; H. delavayi R.
lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, with margin and auricles red- Keller.
dish- to black-glandular-ciliate or rarely subentire with a few in- Herbs, perennial or annual, (0.08–)0.13–0.45 m tall, erect
tramarginal black glands. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam., stellate; to decumbent or procumbent from creeping and rooting base;
buds ellipsoid. Sepals free or nearly so, erect, subequal or equal, stems single or few, clustered, branched above or rarely through-
lanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic, 4.5–6.5 × 1–1.5 mm, out; branches short, spreading-ascending. Stems shallowly 2-
glandular-ciliate; laminar glands all pale lines or usually distal lined or terete, eglandular. Leaves sessile to short petiolate
part(s) black, streaks or dots; marginal glands reddish or black; (especially lower ones); blade broadly elliptic to obovate or
apex acute; veins 5, outer pair branched. Petals bright yellow, ovate, (0.6–)1–3 × (0.3–)0.5–1.5(–1.9) cm, thinly papery, abax-
oblong-oblanceolate, 6–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm; laminar glands absent; ially paler, not glaucous; laminar glands pale or rarely a few
marginal glands black, few, subapical, sessile; margin entire. black, dots to streaks, dense, varying in size; intramarginal
Stamens 25–35, apparently 3-fascicled, longest 5–6 mm, 0.75– glands black, dense or irregular; main lateral veins 2- or 3-
0.8 × as long as petals. Ovary ellipsoid; styles 3, 2–2.5 mm, ca. paired, tertiary reticulation scarcely visible abaxially, dense;
as long as ovary or slightly longer, divaricate. Capsule cylin- base rounded to cordate, margin entire or (upper) sometimes
dric-ellipsoid, ca. 7 × 4.5 mm, slightly exceeding sepals. Seeds basally or completely reddish- to black-glandular-ciliate and
not seen. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. ? with reddish- to black-glandular-ciliate auricles, apex rounded
 CLUSIACEAE

[or rarely acute to apiculate-obtuse]. Inflorescence 3- to ca. 50- 0.8 × as long as petals. Ovary narrowly ovoid-ellipsoid; styles
flowered, from 1 or 2(or 3) nodes, the whole laxly flat-topped 3, 4–5 mm, ca. as long as ovary, divergent. Capsule broadly
or broadly pyramidal to capitate-cylindric or bifurcate; bracts ovoid, 7–8 × ca. 4.5 mm, ca. 2 × as long as sepals. Seeds dark
and bracteoles ovate or lanceolate to linear, with black-glan- yellowish brown, ca. 0.6 mm; testa shallowly scalariform-foveo-
dular-ciliate margin and auricles. Flowers 5–8(–11) mm in late. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–?
diam., stellate; buds ellipsoid, apex subacute. Sepals basally
?Marshes and wet meadows; 2900–3600 m. SE Xizang, NW
united, erect, equal, narrowly to broadly oblong or elliptic, 2.5–
Yunnan [Myanmar (extreme N Kachin)].
5(–6) × 1.5–3 mm, glandular-ciliate to -laciniate [or very rarely
entire]; laminar glands all pale or some black, linear to puncti- The Hypericum trigonum group contains variable taxa that are
form, scattered; marginal glands reddish to black, the cilia sometimes difficult to separate specifically. The group comprises H.
sometimes alternating with intramarginal black gland dots, or trigonum (SE Xizang, NW Yunnan, and N Myanmar), H. ludlowii (SE
very rarely all intramarginal; apex acute to obtuse; veins 3(–5). Xizang, adjacent NW Yunnan, and Bhutan), and H. himalaicum
(Pakistan to NW Yunnan and SW Sichuan). Hypericum trigonum is
Petals bright yellow, elliptic-oblong, 3–5 × 1.2–1.6 mm, 1–1.2
basic to the group, being closely allied to H. monanthemum, and the
× as long as sepals; laminar glands absent; marginal glands other taxa are both derived individually from it. Despite the existence of
black, few, distal and subapical, sessile; margin entire or some morphologically intermediate populations, it seems best to recog-
apically glandular-ciliate. Stamens 7–11, apparently 3-fascicled, nize the above three species. Li Xiwen (in FRPS 50(2): 54. 1990) inclu-
longest 2.5–4 mm, 0.8–0.9 × as long as petals. Ovary ovoid to ded H. trigonum and H. himalaicum (in part, as H. monanthemum var.
globose; styles 3, 1.5–2.5 mm, 0.9–1 × as long as ovary, di- brachypetalum) in H. monanthemum and apparently placed H. ludlowii
varicate. Capsule broadly ovoid to subglobose, 3–4.5(–6) × 3–4 (without citation) in the remaining part of H. himalaicum.
mm, ca. as long as sepals or slightly longer. Seeds brown, ca.
48. Hypericum ludlowii N. Robson, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard.
0.5 mm; testa finely scalariform. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep.
Edinburgh 41: 133. 1983.
Grassy slopes, open woodlands, streamsides, roadsides and rice
paddy terraces; 700–3300 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yun- 滇藏遍地金 dian zang bian di jin
nan [Bhutan, India (NE and Tamil Nadu), N Laos, N Myanmar, Sri Herbs, perennial, 0.03–0.25(–0.4) m tall or long, erect or
Lanka, N Thailand].
ascending from creeping and rooting base; stems solitary,
Hypericum wightianum is clearly closely related to H. daliense slender, growing through other vegetation, unbranched or with
and has apparently spread from SE China westward to NE India and short branches from upper or occasionally several nodes. Stems
southwest to W Myanmar and Mizoram, NE India. It then reappears in 2–4-lined, eglandular. Leaves with petiole 0.5–1 mm; blade tri-
the S Indian hills and in Sri Lanka. The variation is continuous. angular-ovate or elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate, 0.3–2 cm ×
1.5–10 mm, subpapery, abaxially paler, not glaucous; laminar
47. Hypericum trigonum Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 403.
gland dots pale, very small, dense to sparse; intramarginal
1931.
glands all black or black and pale or reddish, rather dense to
三棱遍地金 san leng bian di jin spaced, sometimes very small; main lateral veins (2 or)3-paired,
tertiary reticulation dense; base rounded to rarely cuneate, mar-
Herbs, perennial, 0.25–0.4 m tall, erect from short creep- gin entire, apex rounded. Inflorescence 1–9-flowered from 1 or
ing and rooting base; stems unbranched below inflorescence or 2 nodes, nearly flat-topped or broadly pyramidal to cylindric or
with slender ascending or spreading branches from up to ca. 5 bifurcate, sometimes with flowering branches from up to 4
upper nodes. Stems terete, eglandular. Leaves sessile, lower not nodes below; bracts and bracteoles narrowly oblong and black-
smaller but ascending and soon deciduous; blade oblong or or red-glandular-ciliate and -auriculate or reduced leaflike and
oblong-ovate to triangular-ovate, 2–3 × 0.9–1.5 cm, subpapery, entire and without auricles. Flowers (0.6–)0.9–1.1(–1.5) cm in
abaxially paler, not glaucous; laminar glands dots all pale and diam., stellate; buds cylindric-ellipsoid, apex subacute. Sepals
very small or all black; intramarginal glands black, sparse; main free, erect, subequal to unequal, narrowly oblong or narrowly
lateral veins 4-paired, tertiary reticulation dense; base broadly elliptic to lanceolate, 1.5–5 × 0.5–1.5 mm; laminar glands all
cuneate to shallowly cordate, margin entire, apex rounded to pale or partly black, lines; marginal glands black or reddish,
obtuse. Inflorescence 4- to ca. 15-flowered from apical node; sometimes few; margin glandular-ciliate to entire, apex obtuse
flowering branches from up to 4 nodes below, the whole flat- to acute; veins 5. Petals golden yellow, oblong-oblanceolate, 4–
topped to cylindric; bracts and bracteoles narrowly lanceolate to 7 × 1–2.5 mm, (1.3–)1.5 × as long as sepals; marginal glands
linear, with black-glandular cilia and auricles. Flowers 1.5 to black or reddish, solitary, apical, and sometimes a few black,
ca. 2.5 cm in diam., stellate or reflexed; buds cylindric, apex subapical, sessile; laminar glands absent or rarely 1 or 2 black
rounded. Sepals free, erect, equal, narrowly oblong to elliptic- streaks; margin entire or subentire. Stamens ca. 20, apparently
oblong or lanceolate, 6–7 × 1.5–2 mm, glandular-ciliate; 3-fascicled, longest 4–5 mm, 0.6–1 × as long as petals. Ovary
laminar glands all pale or parts black, lines, sometimes inter- ellipsoid to subglobose; styles 3, 2–2.5 mm, 1–1.4 × as long as
rupted; marginal glands black; apex acute; veins 5. Petals ovary, divergent. Capsule cylindric-ellipsoid to ellipsoid-sub-
golden yellow, narrowly oblong-elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, globose, 4.5–6 × 2.5–3.5 mm, ca. 2 × as long as sepals. Seeds
0.9–1.1 cm × 2.5–4.5 mm, 1.5(–?2) × as long as sepals; mar- straw-colored, ca. 0.4 mm; testa foveolate-scalariform. Fl. Jul,
ginal gland black, apical, solitary; laminar glands few, pale, fr. Jul–Aug.
lines and sometimes black, 1–3 dots, subapical; margin entire. Grassy swamps, streambanks and bogs; 2800–3400(–3600) m. SE
Stamens 25–35, apparently 3-fascicled, longest 7–9 mm, 0.75– Xizang, NW Yunnan (Weixi) [Bhutan (Bumthang)].
 CLUSIACEAE

Hypericum ludlowii shows a reduction trend westward from species from SE Xizang and N Myanmar, are found in C Nepal. The
Yunnan to Bhutan. The easternmost populations are rather similar to the Chinese populations represent an eastward reduction trend from there
“intermediate” population of H. trigonum in SE Xizang and N Myan- that penetrates into Xizang through the Yadong (Chomo) gap and con-
mar, but differ in the smaller overall size and delicate habit and in the tinues to NW Yunnan and north into Sichuan, where it has been known
size of the leaves and floral parts, as well as in the absence, in the more as H. monanthemum var. brachypetalum and where the sepals are some-
reduced forms, of black glands (except in the anthers). The upper leaves times apically entire and rounded.
in this easternmost population, however, appear trigonous as in typical
H. trigonum. It differs from H. himalaicum in the relatively longer 50. Hypericum monanthemum J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex
styles and narrower, apically acute sepals that are not black-streaked; Dyer in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: 256. 1874.
and it is usually distinct in the smaller flowers, shorter ascending stems,
单花遍地金 dan hua bian di jin
and boggy habitat. The styles are not absolutely shorter, but the smaller
ovary makes them relatively so. Herbs, perennial, (0.05–)0.1–0.4 m tall or long, erect or
49. Hypericum himalaicum N. Robson, J. Jap. Bot. 52: 287. decumbent to prostrate from creeping, rooting and branching
1977. base; stems scattered or clustered or often carpeting, often
slender, unbranched above or rarely with one pair of ascending
西藏金丝桃 xi zang jin si tao branches below inflorescence. Stems terete or 2(–4)-lined,
eglandular. Leaves sessile (uppermost or very rarely all) or to
Hypericum monanthemum J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex
1 mm petiolate, lower smaller, erect to appressed, soon de-
Dyer var. brachypetalum Franchet.
ciduous; blade broadly ovate or circular to broadly oblong or
Herbs, perennial, 0.05–0.35 m tall or long, decumbent broadly elliptic or obovate-spatulate, 0.4–2.5(–3.5) × 0.2–
from creeping and rooting base; stems ?solitary or clustered, 1.5(–2.5) cm; subpapery to submembranous, abaxially paler
often branched below inflorescence or lower; branches slender, or slightly glaucous; laminar gland dots all pale and very
spreading. Stems terete or 2–4(–6)-lined, eglandular or occa- small or some or all black, rather dense to sparse or absent;
sionally with few reddish glands on lines. Leaves sessile or to 2 intramarginal glands black and dense or reddish to pale and
mm petiolate; blade ovate to oblong or elliptic to obovate or rather sparse; main lateral veins 3(or 4)-paired, tertiary reticu-
oblanceolate, 0.4–2.4 × 0.2–1.7 cm, subpapery, abaxially paler lation dense; base rounded to truncate or subcordate or (lower)
or usually glaucous; laminar gland dots pale, small to medium, cuneate, margin entire, apex rounded or retuse to obtuse. In-
dense; intramarginal glands black or rarely pale, dense to florescence 1–5(–7)-flowered, from 1(or 2) nodes, subumbelli-
spaced; main lateral veins 2–4-paired, tertiary reticulation form or bifurcate; bracts leaflike, the pair usually wider than
dense; base cordate to rounded or cuneate, the upper often with inflorescence, entire; bracteoles narrowly ovate to lanceolate,
black-glandular-ciliate auricles and sometimes also glandular- with black-glandular-ciliate margin and auricles. Flowers
ciliate proximal margin, margin entire, apex rounded. Inflo- (0.6–)1–2.5 cm in diam., stellate or reflexed; buds narrowly
rescence 1–12-flowered, from 1(or 2) nodes, often with flow- ovoid, obtuse. Sepals 5 subequal or 4 in unequal pairs, free,
ering branches from up to 4 nodes below, the whole nearly flat- erect, oblong or elliptic to narrowly ovate or linear-lanceolate,
topped; bracts and bracteoles narrowly elliptic or linear-lan- 2.5–7 × 1–3 mm; laminar glands all pale or parts or all black,
ceolate to linear, black-glandular-ciliate and -auriculate or more linear; marginal glands black or reddish to pale; margin glan-
rarely entire and then either bracteose or reduced leaflike. dular-ciliate to entire, apex obtuse (rarely acute) to rounded;
Flowers 1–2 cm in diam., stellate; buds ovoid to broadly ellip- veins 5–7. Petals 4 or 5, golden yellow, lanceolate-oblong to
soid, apex obtuse to acute. Sepals free, erect, equal to subequal, narrowly ovate, (0.3–)0.5–1.5 cm × 1–4.5 mm, 1–2 × as long as
ovate-lanceolate or elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 3.5–7 × 1–2.5 sepals; apical gland reddish, other marginal glands absent; lami-
mm; laminar glands pale or often partly black, lines (with the nar glands pale or black, few, lines to streaks, or absent; margin
black parts dots to usually streaks) to dots; marginal glands
entire. Stamens 10–45, apparently 3-fascicled, longest 4–9 mm,
black, on cilia or sessile or absent, margin glandular-ciliate to
0.6–0.8 × as long as petals. Ovary ovoid to subglobose, 2–5 ×
entire, apex subacute to acute or rarely rounded; veins 5. Petals
1.5–2.5 mm; styles (2 or)3(or 4), 1.5–3 mm, 0.5–1 × as long as
bright yellow, sometimes tinged red in bud, oblong-elliptic to
ovary, divergent. Capsule broadly ovoid to globose, (5–)6–8 ×
oblanceolate, 6–10 × 2–4 mm, 1.2–2 × as long as sepals;
(3–)4–6 mm, ca. 1.5 × as long as sepals. Seeds yellowish brown,
laminar glands black streaks or absent; marginal glands absent
0.7–0.8 mm; testa shallowly foveolate. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–
or 1–4, black, apical and subapical, sessile or on apical cilium;
Oct.
margin entire or rarely with one apical glandular cilium.
Stamens 12–30, apparently 3-fascicled, longest 4–7 mm, 0.65– Clearings in forests and bamboo forests, thickets, grassy or stony
0.85 × as long as petals. Ovary ovoid to ellipsoid; styles 3(or 4), slopes, streamsides, rock crevices; 2900–3900 m. W Sichuan, SE Xi-
2–3 mm, 0.65–1(–?1.3) × as long as ovary, divergent. Capsule zang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, N Myanmar, Nepal].
± broadly ellipsoid, 3–9 × 2.5–6 mm, 1.5–2 × as long as sepals. A detailed study has revealed not only that Ascyrum filicaule is
Seeds yellowish brown, 0.5–0.6 mm; testa densely scalariform- a Hypericum, but that it is only with difficulty separable from H. mon-
foveolate. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct. anthemum. This species displays a western reduction trend from China
to Nepal, while the reduction trend in A. filicaule goes in the reverse dir-
Forest and woodland clearings, alpine meadows, rocky or grassy
ection, from Nepal and NE India (Sikkim) to Yunnan and Myanmar. In
slopes, often in damp places; 2500–3300 m. SW Sichuan, SE Xizang,
Nepal, NE India (Sikkim), and Bhutan there is an area of morphological
NW Yunnan [E Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Pakistan].
overlap, where some specimens have perianth states intermediate be-
The specimens of Hypericum himalaicum that most closely re- tween 5-mery and 4-mery. It therefore seems appropriate to treat these
semble H. trigonum, especially the intermediate population of that taxa as subspecies.
 CLUSIACEAE

1a. Sepals and petals 5; sepals subequal, Rock crevices, grassy slopes; 3000–3900 m. SE Xizang, NW
glandular-ciliate to subentire; flowers Yunnan [NE India, N Myanmar (Kachin), Nepal].
12–25 mm in diam.; leaves 51. Hypericum subcordatum (R. Keller) N. Robson, Bull. Brit.
10–35 mm ................................ 50a. subsp. monanthemum Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 31: 78. 2001.
1b. Sepals and petals 4; sepals in
unequal pairs, often leaflike, entire; 川陕遍地金 chuan shan bian di jin
flowers 6–12 mm in diam.; leaves
Hypericum thomsonii var. subcordatum R. Keller, Bot.
mostly 5–10 mm ................................. 50b. subsp. filicaule
Jahrb. Syst. 33: 553. 1904; H. petiolulatum var. subcordatum
50a. Hypericum monanthemum subsp. monanthemum (R. Keller) H. Léveillé.
单花遍地金(原亚种) dan hua bian di jin (yuan ya zhong) Herbs, perennial, 1–7 cm tall, erect from creeping and
rooting base with stems unbranched or branched from upper
Hypericum bachii H. Léveillé; H. mairei H. Léveillé
1(or 2) nodes. Stems with internodes 2-lined above, terete
(1915), not H. Léveillé (1912); H. monanthemum var. nigro-
below, eglandular, slender. Leaves 1–1.5 mm petiolate; blade
punctatum Franchet.
broadly elliptic or oblong-elliptic to obovate, 1–1.6 × 0.8–1.2
Plants erect. Stems terete. Leaves sessile or subsessile, 10– cm; thinly papery, abaxially paler (?or subglaucous); laminar
25(–35) × 8–15(–25) mm, never scalelike, subpapery, abaxially gland dots pale, dense, small, or sometimes a few black, scat-
sometimes slightly glaucous, inframarginal glands black, base tered; intramarginal glands black, dense or subirregular; main
rounded to broadly cuneate. Inflorescence 1–5(–7)-flowered. lateral veins 3-paired, tertiary reticulation rather dense, obscure;
Pedicels 1–2.5 mm. Flowers 12–25 mm in diam. Sepals 5, sub- base cuneate to truncate or (uppermost) subcordate, margin en-
equal, 4–7 × 1.5–3 mm, margin glandular-ciliate to subentire. tire, apex rounded. Inflorescence (1–)3–5-flowered, occasion-
Petals 5, 8–15 mm × 2.5–4.5 mm, ca. 2 × as long as sepals. ally with branches from 1(or 2) nodes below, the whole flat-
Stamens 20–45. Styles 0.6–1 × as long as ovary. topped or bifurcating to subcylindric; bracts and bracteoles
leaflike, margin entire. Flowers (0.8–)1–1.2 cm in diam.,
Clearings in forests and bamboo forests, grassy slopes, stream-
sides; 2900–3900 m. W Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NE In- stellate; buds ?ellipsoid. Sepals free, erect in ?bud and fruit,
dia (Sikkim), N Myanmar (Kachin), Nepal]. oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, subequal, 3–4.5 × 0.8–1.2 mm;
laminar glands black, lines to (distally) dots; marginal glands
50b. Hypericum monanthemum subsp. filicaule (Dyer) N. black, few, sessile or submarginal, all or most distal; margin
Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 31: 78. 2001. entire, apex acute; veins 5. Petals ?golden yellow, narrowly
纤茎遍地金 xian jing bian di jin elliptic, 4.5–6 × 1–1.5 mm, 1.35–1.5 × as long as sepals;
laminar glands black, few, lines to streaks; marginal glands
Ascyrum filicaule Dyer in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: black, few, subapical or absent; margin entire. Stamens 17–20,
252. 1874; Hypericum filicaule (Dyer) N. Robson. apparently 3-fascicled, longest 4–5.5 mm, ca. 0.9 × as long as
Plants erect to decumbent or prostrate and ± mat-form- petals. Ovary ellipsoid; styles 3(or 4), 1.7–2 mm, 0.85–1 × as
ing; stems unbranched above or (in Yunnan) branched from long as ovary, divaricate-ascending. Capsule ovoid to subglo-
upper 2 or 3 nodes. Stems terete or narrowly 2-lined. Leaves bose, 4.8–6 × 3.5–4 mm, 1.5–2 × as long as sepals. Seeds
(except uppermost, sessile) to 1 mm petiolate, (4–)5–10(–15) yellow-brown, ca. 0.6 mm; testa finely scalariform. Fl. Jun–
× 2–8(–11) mm, broadly elliptic, lower gradually smaller, some- Aug, fr. Jul–Sep.
times becoming minute and scalelike, thinly papery to mem- ● No habitat details known; 1800–2900 m. Shaanxi, Sichuan.
branous, abaxially paler, inframarginal glands reddish or pale,
base cuneate to rounded-attenuate. Inflorescence 1-flowered. Hypericum subcordatum is very closely related to H. monanthe-
mum subsp. monanthemum and resembles a small, delicate form of H.
Pedicels (terminal) 0.5–1.5 mm. Flowers 6–12 mm in diam.
monanthemum var. nigropunctatum with leaves all petiolate and sepals
Sepals 4, sometimes leaflike, outer 4–12 × 1.5–7 mm, inner apically acute and entire, characters that do not occur in combination in
3–7 × 1–3 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse. Petals 4, 3–8 × 1– H. monanthemum itself. Along with the occurrence of both taxa on
2.7 mm, 0.75–1.6 × as long as sepals. Stamens 10–20. Styles Emei Shan (Sichuan), where they remain distinct, these differences
0.5–0.8 × as long as ovary. would appear to justify its separation as a species.

7. Hypericum sect. Hypericum

贯叶连翘组 guan ye lian qiao zu
Herbs, perennial, glabrous, with dark (black) glands present on leaves, sepals, petals, anthers, and sometimes stems. Stems 2–4-
lined or terete, glandular or eglandular. Leaves free, entire. Bracts and bracteoles persistent, entire. Sepals and petals 5, persistent
after anthesis, sepals free, entire to gland-fringed, petals entire to distally crenate, apiculus obscure or absent. Stamen fascicles
apparently 3, anthers dorsifixed. Styles 3, free. Capsule valves longitudinally vittate to abaxially vittate with lateral vesicles. Seeds
not carinate, testa finely reticulate to linear-foveolate.
Forty-three species: N temperate zone from Macaronesia east to Guatemala; six species (two endemic) in China.
 CLUSIACEAE

52. Hypericum faberi R. Keller in Engler & Prantl, Nat. terminal, with ?flowering branches from 5 (?or more) nodes
Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 21: 179 in clav. 1925. below, the whole narrowly pyramidal; bracts and bracteoles
leaflike. Flowers 1.2–1.5 cm in diam., stellate. Sepals free,
扬子小连翘 yang zi xiao lian qiao
erect, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, unequal, 4–6 × 0.8–1.6 mm;
Herbs, perennial, 20–60(–80) cm tall, geniculate (or rarely laminar glands black, lines to streaks; marginal glands black,
suberect) to procumbent from creeping, branching and rooting spaced; margin entire, apex acute; veins 3. Petals oblong, 6–9 ×
base; stems solitary or few, unbranched below inflorescence to 1.5–2.5 mm, ca. 1.5 × as long as sepals; laminar glands few,
branched from most nodes. Stems terete, eglandular. Leaves black, lines; marginal glands black, few, near apex only; margin
with petiole (0.5–)1–1.5(–3) mm; blade ovate-oblong to oblong, entire. Stamens 50–60, apparently 3-fascicled, longest 4–7 mm,
1–3 cm × 5–11 mm; thickly papery, abaxially paler or glau- ca. 0.7 × as long as petals. Ovary ovoid, 2–3 × ca. 1.5 mm;
cous; laminar glands absent or more rarely few or scattered styles 3, divaricate, 2.5–3.5 mm, ca. 1.2 × as long as ovary. Cap-
dots, pale and rarely black, large; intramarginal glands rather sule ovoid, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, equaling sepals. Seeds dark brown,
dense, black; main lateral veins 2- or 3-paired, tertiary reticu- ca. 0.8 mm; testa linear-pitted. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep.
lation rather lax and abaxially often scarcely visible; base rather
● Forest and field margins, roadsides; 1000–1300 m. Hubei
broadly cuneate to rounded, margin entire, plane or slightly (Badong).
incurved, apex rounded. Inflorescence (1–)5–7(–11)-flowered,
Hypericum enshiense appears to be related to H. faberi. It has an
from 1 or 2(or 3) nodes, sometimes with branches from up to 9
overall resemblance to that species, differing from it in the black-gland-
nodes below, the whole nearly flat-topped to pyramidal or
dotted, minutely papillose leaves, leaflike bracts, and larger flowers
condensed-cylindric; bracts and bracteoles linear or linear- with apically acute sepals and black-glandular-lined petals.
lanceolate, margin entire, with spaced marginal black glands.
Flowers 5–10 mm in diam., substellate; buds ellipsoid, apex 54. Hypericum taihezanense Sasaki ex S. Suzuki, Trans. Nat.
obtuse. Sepals free, erect, oblong or elliptic-oblong to obovate- Hist. Soc. Taiwan 20: 239. 1930.
oblong, subequal to unequal, (3.5–)4–5 × 1–2 mm; laminar
台粤小连翘 tai yue xiao lian qiao
glands pale or black, streaks to dots; marginal glands black,
spaced, submarginal, rather large; margin entire, apex rounded Hypericum pseudopetiolatum R. Keller var. taihezanense
to apiculate-obtuse or rarely acute; veins 5. Petals ?bright (Sasaki ex S. Suzuki) Y. Kimura.
yellow, obovate-oblong, 5–7 × 1.5–3 mm, 1.2–1.5 × as long as
Herbs, perennial, 15–40 cm tall, ascending from creeping
sepals; laminar glands absent; marginal glands black, few, near
and rooting base; stems ± cespitose, branched above. Stems
apex only; margin entire. Stamens 24–30, apparently 3-fas-
terete, eglandular. Leaves sessile or with petiole to 0.7 mm;
cicled, longest 4–6 mm, 0.8–0.9 × as long as petals. Ovary
blade triangular-lanceolate or ovate to obovate, 0.4–1.7(–2) cm
ovoid; styles 3(or 4), 2–3(–5.5) mm, 1–1.5(–2.5) × as long as
× 2–6(–10) mm; ± thinly papery, abaxially paler or glaucous;
ovary, divaricate. Capsule broadly ovoid, 5–7 × 3.5–4.5 mm,
laminar gland dots pale only, dense, varying in size; intra-
1.5–2 × as long as sepals Seeds yellow-brown, 0.5–0.6 mm;
marginal glands black, rather dense; main lateral veins 3- or 4-
testa shallowly linear-foveolate. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct.
paired, tertiary reticulation rather dense, often marked; base
● Grassy places and thickets on mountain slopes, along roadsides cordate-amplexicaul to cuneate, margin entire and plane, apex
and in rice fields; (200–)500–2700 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guang- rounded. Inflorescence 1- to ca. 10-flowered, from 1 or 2 nodes;
dong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, flowering branches from up to 2 nodes below, the whole laxly
Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang. flat-topped to cylindric; bracts and bracteoles reduced leaflike,
Hypericum faberi appears to be related to the “decorum” form of margin entire. Flowers 5–10 mm in diam., concave; buds ellip-
the Japanese H. senanense Maximowicz, the Fanjing Shan (Guizhou) soid, apex obtuse. Sepals free, erect in bud, ascending in fruit,
population being most similar to it. It is easy to confuse with H. petio- subequal to unequal, lanceolate to narrowly oblong or linear, 3–
lulatum subsp. yunnanense, which differs from it by (1) the densely 5.5 × 1–1.5 mm; laminar glands all pale, streaks and dots;
gland-dotted leaves that vary from oblong to lanceolate, (2) the upper intramarginal glands black or those toward base pale, regular, ±
leaves sometimes with glandular auricles, (3) the acute sepals with few dense; margin entire, apex obtuse to rounded; veins 3–5. Petals
or no marginal glands that are sometimes on cilia, and (4) the usually
mid-yellow, obovate-oblong to narrowly obovate, (3–)5–6(–8)
shorter styles (1.5–2.2 mm) and smaller, broader capsule.
× (1–)2–3.5 mm, (0.7–)1.2–2 × as long as sepals; laminar
53. Hypericum enshiense L. H. Wu & F. S. Wang, Acta Phyto- glands pale, few, dots or streaks, distal, or absent; marginal
tax. Sin. 42: 76. 2004. glands black, sessile or on cilia; margin with sessile or stalked
glands near apex or around upper half (sometimes few). Sta-
恩施金丝桃 en shi jin si tao
mens ca. 30, apparently 3-fascicled, longest ca. 4 mm, 0.8–0.9
Herbs, perennial, erect to decumbent from branching base, × as long as petals. Ovary broadly ovoid; styles 3, ca. 1.5 mm,
14–40 cm tall; stems branching from most nodes. Stems terete, ca. 0.5 × as long as ovary, divergent to ascending. Capsule
eglandular. Leaves with petiole 0.5–2.5 mm; blade oblong to broadly ovoid to subglobose, 4–5(–6.5) × 4–4.5 mm, 0.8–1.2 ×
obovate, 1–3.8 × 0.5–1.3 cm, ?thickly papery, abaxially green- as long as sepals. Seeds dark brown, 0.5–0.6 mm; testa finely
ish and densely minutely papillose; laminar glands black and scalariform-foveolate. Fl. Apr–Jul(–Aug), fr. (Jun–)Jul–Sep.
occasionally pale; intramarginal glands rather dense, black; main Forest margins, mountain slopes, grassy places, open ground,
lateral veins 3-paired; base narrowly cuneate to angustate, mar- roadsides; 1000–3000 m. Guangdong, Taiwan (except extreme south)
gin entire, apex rounded to ?obtuse. Inflorescence 3-flowered, [Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (Sabah), Philippines (Luzon)].
 CLUSIACEAE

In Fl. Taiwan (2: 640. 1976), Hypericum taihezanense was inclu- stock or creeping rhizomatous base; stems numerous to few,
ded in H. pseudopetiolatum R. Keller because its variation fell within cespitose, much branched. Stems 2-lined, with black glandular
the range of variation of that species in Japan. The work of T. Kato on dots and streaks on lines and often sparsely (reddish or black)
the H. pseudopetiolatum group, however, has clarified the situation in
elsewhere. Leaves sessile; blade elliptic to oblong or oblan-
Japan, and the Taiwanese population, with its entire sepals and broadly
ovoid to subglobose capsule, seems to be a distinct southern species
ceolate or rarely ovate, (0.8–)1.5–3.1(–3.8) cm × (3–)5–12(–15)
related to the Japanese H. kiusianum Koidzumi. mm; thickly papery, abaxially paler; laminar glands dots, small,
pale and black, few or scattered, mainly distal; intramarginal
55. Hypericum erectum Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. glands black, spaced; main lateral veins 2-paired, tertiary retic-
14, 702. 1784. ulation dense but often rather obscure and apparently lax; base
小连翘 xiao lian qiao subcordate to cuneate, margin entire and plane; apex obtuse to
rounded. Inflorescence (1 or) few- to many-flowered from 1–4
Hypericum erectum f. angustifolium (Y. Kimura) Y.
nodes, sometimes with flowering branches from up to 4 nodes
Kimura; Hypericum erectum var. angustifolium Y. Kimura;
below, the whole cylindric to pyramidal; bracts and bracteoles
H. erectum subsp. longisepalum L. H. Wu & D. P. Yang; H.
oblong-elliptic, margin entire. Flowers 1.3–2(–2.5) cm in diam.,
taisanense Hayata.
stellate; buds ovoid, apex subacute to acute. Sepals free, erect,
Herbs, perennial, 30–70 cm tall, erect or ascending from triangular-ovate to lanceolate, unequal to subequal, (3.5–)5–10
branching and rooting base; stems solitary or few, unbranched × 1–4 mm; laminar glands pale, streaks to dots and black dots,
below inflorescence or sometimes branched above. Stems scattered, rather sparse or rarely absent; intramarginal and mar-
terete, eglandular. Leaves sessile; blade narrowly triangular- ginal glands black, dots, sparse, distal; margin entire, apex acute
ovate to narrowly elliptic, 1.5–5 × 0.8–1.3 cm; thickly papery, to subacuminate; veins 5–7. Petals ?golden yellow, tinged red
abaxially paler; laminar glands black [and sometimes pale], ± in bud, oblong-obovate, 0.8–1.2 cm × 4–7 mm, 2.4–3 × as long
numerous, small; intramarginal glands black, dense; main lat- as sepals, asymmetric; laminar glands black, dots to streaks,
eral veins 3- or 4-paired, tertiary reticulation rather dense; base scattered; marginal glands black, distally dense; margin entire.
cordate-amplexicaul, margin entire, plane or incurved, apex Stamens ca. 90, apparently 3-fascicled, longest 8–10 mm, 0.7–
obtuse to rounded. Inflorescence (1 or)3- to many-flowered, 0.8 × as long as petals. Ovary narrowly ovoid; styles 3, free, 4–
from 1–3 nodes, often with flowering branches from up to 6 4.5 mm, 1.3–1.6 × as long as ovary, widely spreading. Capsule
nodes below, the whole flat-topped to cylindric; bracts and broadly ovoid or oblong-ovoid to narrowly conic, (4–)6–10 ×
bracteoles reduced leaflike, margin entire. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in 2–6 mm, 2–3 × as long as sepals; valves occasionally with a
diam., substellate; buds narrowly ellipsoid, apex acute. Sepals few black longitudinal glandular streaks. Seeds medium brown,
free, erect, ovate-lanceolate [to oblong-elliptic], subequal to un- 0.7–1.1 mm; testa finely linear-foveolate. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Jul–
equal, ca. 2.5[–7] × 1[–3] mm; laminar glands black, streaks Sep. 2n = 16.
and dots; intramarginal glands black, [rather dense to] sparse or
absent; margin entire [to irregularly glandular-ciliate], apex ob- Fields, pastures, steppes, grassy and dry stony slopes, pebble
tuse to acute; veins 5. Petals bright yellow, obovate to oblong, shores, forest margins, clearings; sea level (Liaoning) to 2000 m (Gui-
[6–]7–9[–10] × [2–]2.5 mm, 2.5–3 × as long as sepals; laminar zhou). Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan,
Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi,
glands black, streaks, distal; marginal glands black, inframar-
Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang; also recorded from Guangdong, Guangxi
ginal to prominent, irregular; margin entire [or with scattered [Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East, E Siberia)].
prominent glands]. Stamens 25–30[–40], apparently 3-fasci-
cled, longest 5–7 [6–7] mm, ca. 0.7 × as long as petals. Ovary Hypericum attenuatum is variable but is distinguishable from all
ovoid; styles 3, 2.5–3 mm, 0.8–1[–1.2] × as long as ovary, other mainland herbaceous species except H. perforatum by the 2-lined
widely spreading. Capsule ovoid, ca. 1 cm × 4 [5–11 × 3.5–6] stem internodes. It would seem to be one diploid parent of the am-
phidiploid H. perforatum (the other being H. maculatum subsp. im-
mm, [1.2–]2–2.5 × as long as sepals. Seeds yellow-brown,
maculatum).
0.7–1 mm; testa finely reticulate. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n
= 16. 57. Hypericum perforatum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 785. 1753.
Grassy slopes; 400–2300 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, 贯叶连翘 guan ye lian qiao
Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan
(including Ryukyu Islands), Korea (Cheju-do), Russia (Sakhalin)]. Hypericum perforatum var. confertiflorum Debeaux; H.
perforatum var. microphyllum H. Léveillé (1908), not Candolle
In China, Hypericum erectum can always be recognized by the
(1815).
sessile leaves with black gland dots only. The described variation of H.
erectum subsp. longisepalum falls within that of this very variable spe- Herbs, perennial, 20–60(–100) cm tall, erect from creeping
cies as a whole; and it was not possible for us to see the diagnostic and rooting base; stems numerous to few, much branched
characters in a color image of a living specimen. This subspecies has especially distally. Stems 2-lined, with few black glands on
therefore been tentatively included in the synonymy of H. erectum.
lines. Leaves sessile to subsessile; blade ± narrowly elliptic to ±
56. Hypericum attenuatum C. E. C. Fischer ex Choisy, Prodr. narrowly oblong or linear, (0.7–)1–2.5(–3) cm × 3–7(–15) mm;
Monogr. Hypéric. 47. 1821. thickly papery, abaxially paler; laminar glands pale, scattered
and sometimes black, few, dots; intramarginal glands black,
赶山鞭 gan shan bian
spaced, interspersed with small dense pale ones; main lateral
Herbs, perennial, 10–45(–70) cm tall, erect from root- veins ca. 2-paired, tertiary reticulation lax or scarcely visible;
 CLUSIACEAE

base subcordate-amplexicaul to rather narrowly cuneate, margin 1815 and H. Léveillé in 1908). This more southern Chinese form (var.
entire, plane or ± recurved, apex obtuse. Inflorescence 3- to nu- confertiflorum Debeaux), which intergrades morphologically with the
merous-flowered, from 1–3 nodes; flowering branches curved- larger-leaved more northern Chinese form, has small, narrow leaves,
ascending from up to 15 or sometimes more nodes below, the with dense, smallish partial inflorescences remaining distinct on elon-
gate, widely ascending branches.
whole nearly flat-topped to broadly pyramidal or cylindric;
bracts and bracteoles to 4(–7) mm, narrowly lanceolate to Hypericum perforatum has been subdivided into four subspecies,
linear, margin entire. Flowers 1.5–2.5(–3) cm in diam., stellate; of which two occur in China.
buds narrowly ovoid, apex acute. Sepals free, erect in bud,
1a. Leaves (at least on main stem) sessile;
recurved in fruit, narrowly oblong or lanceolate to linear, equal,
petal laminar glands usually all pale
3–4(–5) × 1–1.2 mm; laminar glands pale and often a few
....................................................... 57a. subsp. songaricum
black, in 2(–4) rows, streaks (basally) to dots; intramarginal
1b. Leaves all petiolate; petal laminar
glands black, few, or absent; margin entire, apex acute to acu-
glands all black or absent .................. 57b. subsp. chinense
minate with tip somewhat glandular; veins 3(–5). Petals golden
yellow, oblong to oblong-elliptic, (0.8–)1.2–1.5 cm × 5–6 mm, 57a. Hypericum perforatum subsp. songaricum (Ledebour
3–4 × as long as sepals, asymmetric; laminar glands black or ex Reichenbach) N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot.
pale, dots to lines, or often absent; intramarginal glands black or 32: 95. 2002.
pale, distal, in sinuses when present; margin distally ± crenate.
准噶尔金丝桃 zhun ga er jin si tao
Stamens 40–60, apparently 3-fascicled, longest 6–8 mm, 0.5–
0.7 × as long as petals. Ovary narrowly ovoid to ovoid-ellip- Hypericum songaricum Ledebour ex Reichenbach, Icon.
soid; styles 3, 4.5–6 mm, 1.5–2 × as long as ovary, broadly to Bot. Pl. Crit. 3: 72. 1825; H. perforatum var. songaricum
rather narrowly spreading. Capsule ovoid-conic to ovoid, 3–6.5 (Ledebour ex Reichenbach) K. Koch.
× 3–5 mm, 1–1.5 × as long as sepals; valves with abaxial vittae
and lateral yellowish, elongate or short vesicles. Seeds dark Leaves (at least on main stem) sessile, oblong to oblong-
brown, ca. 1 mm; testa finely linear-foveolate. Fl. Jun–Sep, fr. ovate, base ± shallowly cordate-clasping. Sepals finely acumi-
Jul–Oct. 2n = 32, 48. nate. Petal laminar glands usually all pale. Capsule valves with
lateral vittae linear or slightly swollen overall, not interrupted.
Open woodlands, meadows, grasslands, and steppes, riverbanks,
stony and grassy slopes, roadsides, in dry or well-drained habitats; 100– About 1100 m. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, SW Russia;
2800 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, SE Europe (Ukraine)].
Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan [NW
India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia; NW Africa, SW to C
57b. Hypericum perforatum subsp. chinense N. Robson,
Asia, Atlantic islands, Europe (except extreme N); introduced into many Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 32: 101. 2002.
parts of the world]. 中国金丝桃 zhong guo jin si tao
Hypericum perforatum is apparently an allotetraploid that would
appear to have arisen from a cross between two diploid taxa, namely H.
Leaves all petiolate. Inflorescence and/or partial inflores-
maculatum subsp. immaculatum (Balkan Peninsula) and H. attenuatum cences congested; branches relatively long, curved-ascending.
(W Siberia to China). Petal laminar glands all black or absent.
In both the SW (S Europe, Mediterranean) and SE (China) parts ● 400–2200 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan,
of its range, small-leaved forms of Hypericum perforatum evolved, and Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Japan
both have been named var. microphyllum (respectively by Candolle in (introduced)].
8. Hypericum sect. Humifusoideum R. Keller in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6): 211. 1893.
玉山金丝桃组 yu shan jin si tao zu
Deciduous wiry shrublets or perennial herbs with dark (black) glands present on leaves, anthers and usually sepals and petals.
Sepals and petals 5, persistent after anthesis, sepals free, entire or rarely glandular-ciliate, petals entire or glandular-ciliate, apiculus
absent. Stamens not or obscurely apparently 3-fascicled; anthers dorsifixed. Styles 3, free. Capsule valves slightly longitudinally
vittate or nearly smooth. Seeds not or scarcely carinate, testa finely scalariform-reticulate.
Twelve species: China (Taiwan), Indonesia, New Guinea, Philippines; tropical and S Africa, Madagascar; two species (both endemic) in China.

58. Hypericum nagasawae Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. creeping branching rooting base; stems solitary or ± cespitose,
Tokyo 30(1): 38. 1911 [“nagasawai”]. unbranched or ± branched above. Stems 2-lined, eglandular.
Leaves sessile or subsessile; blade ovate or oblong to elliptic or
玉山金丝桃 yu shan jin si tao oblanceolate or linear, (0.3–)0.8–2.5 cm × 3–12 mm; thickly
Hypericum hayatae Y. Kimura; H. nagasawae var. nigrum papery to subleathery, abaxially glaucous or sometimes minute-
Y. Kimura; H. randaiense Hayata; H. suzukianum Y. Kimura; ly papillose; laminar glands pale, dots, rather sparse, prominent
H. taiwanianum Y. Kimura; H. taiwanianum var. ohwii Y. above; intramarginal glands black, dense or irregular; main
Kimura. lateral veins 3- or 4-paired, sometimes forming ± marked sub-
marginal vein, tertiary reticulation lax or obscure; base cuneate
Herbs, perennial, 5–35 cm tall, suberect to ascending from to angustate, margin entire and recurved, apex acute to rounded.
 CLUSIACEAE

Inflorescence 1–11-flowered from 1 or 2 nodes, sometimes 能高金丝桃 neng gao jin si tao
with flowering branches from 1 or 2 nodes below, the whole
nearly flat-topped; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate to linear, Herbs, perennial, 5–10 cm tall (sometimes longer and
margin entire. Flowers 1.5–2.7 cm in diam., ± stellate; buds straggling), suberect to ascending from creeping, branching, and
ovoid to ellipsoid, apex obtuse. Sepals free, ascending in bud, rooting base; stems ± cespitose, sometimes mat-forming, un-
spreading in fruit, ovate-lanceolate to ± narrowly oblong, equal, branched or ± branched above. Stems 2–4-lined or sometimes
3–7.5 × 0.8–2.5 mm; laminar glands pale or rarely black, becoming nearly terete, eglandular. Leaves sessile or with
streaks or rarely lines to dots; marginal glands black and some- petiole to 1 mm; blade ovate (below inflorescence) to elliptic or
times pale, regular or irregular, immersed or rarely on cilia, or narrowly oblong or obovate, 4–12 × 1.5–6 mm, subleathery,
absent; margin entire or rarely with 1 or 2 glandular cilia, apex abaxially markedly glaucous and sometimes minutely papillose;
obtuse to acute; veins 5. Petals ?bright yellow, ?tinged red in laminar glands pale and sometimes black, punctiform, dense
bud, obovate or oblong-obovate to oblanceolate, 0.8–1.5 cm × to sparse; intramarginal glands black, dense; main lateral veins
4–7 mm, 2–2.5 × as long as sepals; laminar glands pale and 2- or 3-paired, tertiary reticulation obscure; base cuneate-
rarely black, lines to dots, or rarely absent; marginal glands angustate, margin entire, apex rounded. Inflorescence 1–5(–7)-
black, sessile or occasionally on cilia, distal or subapical; mar- flowered, from terminal node, without lower branches, nearly
gin usually entire. Stamens 40–80, not or obscurely fascicled, flat-topped; bracts and bracteoles entire or with prominent mar-
longest 4.5–8 mm, 0.6–0.8 × as long as petals. Ovary narrowly ginal glands. Flowers 1.2–1.8 cm in diam., ± stellate; buds
ovoid to ellipsoid-ovoid, 2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm; styles 3, 3.5–7 ovoid to ellipsoid, apex acute. Sepals free, erect, lanceolate to
mm, 1.3–3 × as long as ovary, ± spreading from near base. narrowly oblong, equal, 3–5 × 0.8–1.2 mm; laminar glands pale
Capsule narrowly to broadly ovoid, (5–)6–7 × 3.5–5 mm, 1–1.5 and black, lines to streaks; marginal to intramarginal glands
× as long as sepals. Seeds dark brown, ca. 1 mm, scarcely black, irregular; margin entire, apex acute to subacuminate;
carinate; testa finely scalariform-reticulate. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. veins 3–5. Petals ?bright yellow, obovate or oblong-lanceolate
Aug–Oct. 2n = 36*.
to lanceolate, 7–11 × 2–3(–4.5) mm, ca. 3 × as long as sepals;
● Stony or rocky slopes, roadsides, conifer forests; 2300–4000 m. laminar glands pale and usually black, lines to dots; marginal
Taiwan (central mountains). glands absent; margin entire. Stamens ca. 43, obscurely ap-
The variation from the mainly northern, broad-leaved form, with parently 3-fascicled, longest 5–8 mm, ca. 0.7 × as long as
sepals and styles ca. 1.3 × as long as the ovary (Hypericum nagasawae), petals. Ovary ?ovoid; styles 3, 4–6 mm, 2–3 × as long as ovary,
to the southern, narrow-leaved form, with apically acute sepals and spreading from base. Capsule narrowly ovoid, 6–7 × ca. 4 mm,
styles ca. 2 × as long as the ovary or more (H. randaiense), appears to
1.5–2 × as long as sepals. Seeds not seen. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Aug–
be continuous; and indeed the trends in leaf form, sepal shape, and style
length are only partially correlated. It is not possible, therefore, to recog- Sep.
nize H. randaiense as a distinct species. Similarly, plants described as
H. suzukianum and H. hayatae, respectively, are more extreme forms of ● Mountain slopes; 1800–1900 m. Taiwan (Hualian, Nantou).
trends within H. nagasawae; and the occasional forms with black- No single character separates Hypericum nokoense from H. naga-
glandular-ciliate sepal margins (H. taiwanianum) are linked to the more
sawae (from which it appears to have been derived by reduction); but
typical forms by specimens with one or two glandular cilia on each se-
the combination of small and relatively broad leaves, apically acute se-
pal margin.
pals usually with black, laminar glands, and styles more than twice as
59. Hypericum nokoense Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 6: 48. long as the ovary appears to distinguish it. The leaf glands are not com-
1937. pletely black.

9. Hypericum sect. Hirtella Stefanoff, God. Sofiisk. Univ. Agr.-Les. Fak. 11: 183. 1933.
糙枝金丝桃组 cao zhi jin si tao zu
Herbs, perennial, glabrous to papillose [or pubescent], with dark (black or reddish) glands present on petals, usually on sepals
and sometimes on leaf apex [and stems], but not forming intramarginal row on leaves. Stems not rooting. Sepals and petals 5, petals
[usually] clawed, without apiculus; petals and stamens persistent after anthesis. Stamen fascicles apparently 3, anthers dorsifixed.
Styles 3, free. Capsule valves longitudinally vittate; seeds not carinate or winged, testa [nearly smooth to] papillose.
Twenty-four species: SE Europe, Mediterranean region, SW and C Asia, W China; two species in China.

60. Hypericum elongatum Ledebour ex Reichenbach, Iconogr. short or fascicled branches in most leaf axils. Stems 2-lined,
Bot. Pl. Crit. 3: 71. 1825. glaucescent, eglandular or rarely with very few amber gland
dots toward base. Leaves sessile; those on main stem narrowly
延伸金丝桃 yan shen jin si tao oblong to linear, 1.2–3.2 cm × 1–4.5(–6) mm; thickly papery, ±
glaucous, glabrous or adaxially sometimes finely undulate-
Hypericum hyssopifolium var. elongatum (Ledebour ex
Reichenbach) Ledebour; H. hyssopifolium subsp. elongatum papillose; laminar glands numerous, pale dots; lateral veins 2–
(Ledebour ex Reichenbach) Woronow. 4-paired (?or absent), tertiary reticulation not visible; base
narrowly to broadly cuneate, margin entire and usually revolute,
Herbs, perennial, 15–50 cm tall, erect, sometimes with apex acute to obtuse or subapiculate. Leaves on vegetative
prostrate to ascending vegetative shoots from the base, with shoots smaller, narrower, adaxially more markedly papillose,
 CLUSIACEAE

often fascicled, apex apiculate to mucronate. Inflorescence with branches ascending. Stems 2(–?4)-lined, scabrid with
many flowered, from 5–12(–17) nodes; flowering branches simple red-gland-tipped emergences especially toward base
from up to 3 nodes below, the whole ± narrowly cylindric, 8–25 [or rarely nearly smooth]. Leaves sessile or subsessile; those
cm; bracts and bracteoles narrowly ovate-triangular, glands on main stem with blade oblong or elliptic to lanceolate or
pale, margin entire. Flowers 1.5–3 cm in diam., stellate; buds linear, 0.7–2(–2.7) cm × 1.5–6.5 mm; thickly papery, rarely
broadly ellipsoid to broadly cylindric. Sepals free or nearly so, glaucous or the upper epidermis undulate; laminar glands
imbricate, broadly ovate or broadly oblong to elliptic, unequal, pale, numerous, dots; main lateral veins 1- or 2-paired, ter-
(2–)3–5 × 1–2.5 mm; laminar glands pale lines and some dots; tiary reticulation not visible; base cuneate, margin entire and
marginal glands absent or on some (rarely all) sepals black, ses- sometimes revolute, apex rounded to mucronate or uncinate.
sile, irregular; margin entire or subentire, apex rounded to ob- Leaves on axillary and vegetative shoots smaller, linear, more
tuse or rarely acute; veins 5. Petals deep to golden yellow, very acute to uncinate. Inflorescence (5 to) many flowered, from 1–4
rarely red-tinged or -veined, obovate to oblanceolate, 1.2–1.8 nodes, sometimes with flowering branches from 1 or 2 nodes
cm × 4–8 mm, 3.5–4 × as long as sepals; laminar glands pale, below, flat-topped, ± dense, 0.5–8(–11) cm, to 6(–9) cm wide;
dots and short streaks; marginal glands black; margin distally bracts and bracteoles oblong to linear, margin entire or eroded
short glandular-ciliate. Stamens 40–60, longest 8–10 mm, ca. or with black glands near apex. Flowers 5–14 mm in diam.,
0.5 × as long as petals. Ovary narrowly ovoid-pyramidal, stellate; buds short cylindric to globose. Sepals 1/3 to 2/3
rostrate; styles 4–5(–5.5) mm, ca. 1.3 × as long as ovary, as- united, oblong, equal, 1–2.5 × 0.7–1.2 mm; laminar glands pale,
cending-erect. Capsule ovoid, 0.8–1.5 cm × 4–7 mm, 2.5–3.5 × usually in 2 lines; marginal glands black, on cilia or denticles,
as long as sepals. Seeds dark brown, ca. 2 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. or absent; margin irregularly glandular-denticulate to -ciliate
Jul–Aug. or eglandular-ciliate to subentire, apex rounded to subacute;
veins 3. Petals bright or golden yellow, not red-tinged, oblan-
Steppes, dry mountain slopes; [below 2200 m in C Asia]. Xinjiang
ceolate to obovate, (3–)5–8 × (1–)2–3.5 mm, 3–4 × as long as
(Altay Shan) [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW
sepals, long-clawed; laminar glands pale, dots and sometimes
Asia, SE Europe].
lines; margin distally usually black-glandular-ciliate. Stamens
61. Hypericum scabrum Linnaeus, Cent. I Pl. 25. 1755. 25 to ca. 45, 4–8 mm, 0.8–1 × as long as petals. Ovary nar-
rowly ovoid; styles 2–5 mm, erect, distally outcurved. Cap-
糙枝金丝桃 cao zhi jin si tao
sule ovoid-acuminate, (3–)4–8 × 2.5–5 mm, 2–2.5 × as long
Drosanthe scabra (Linnaeus) Spach; Hypericum asperum as sepals. Seeds dark brown, 1.5–2 mm. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Ledebour. 2n = 24, 28, ?48.
Herbs, perennial, (5–)10–45(–60) cm tall, erect or decum- Dry stony and rocky places, open or in scrub; 1100–1600 m.
bent, glabrous, sometimes with decumbent to ascending vegeta- Xinjiang (Altay Shan) [Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan,
tive shoots from base; stems numerous, much branched above Tajikistan, Turkmenistan; SW Asia, SE Europe].

10. Hypericum sect. Taeniocarpium Jaubert & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 1: 47. 1842.
毛金丝桃组 mao jin si tao zu
Herbs [or suffrutices], perennial, [glabrous or] pubescent, with dark glands present on petals, [usually on] sepals and sometimes
on leaf apex, but not on anthers or forming intramarginal row on leaves. Stems rooting. Sepals and petals 5; petals and stamens
persistent after anthesis; petals not clawed or with apiculus. Stamen fascicles apparently 3, anthers dorsifixed. Styles 3, free. Capsule
valves longitudinally vittate; seeds not carinate or winged, testa [rugulose to] papillose.
Twenty-three species: Europe, Mediterranean region, SW and C Asia, NW Mongolia, W China; one species in China.

62. Hypericum hirsutum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 786. 1753. 9 mm in diam., stellate; buds ellipsoid, apex obtuse. Sepals
shortly united, narrowly oblong to lanceolate or linear-lanceo-
毛金丝桃 mao jin si tao late, subequal, (2.5–)3.5–4 × 0.7–1 mm; laminar glands pale,
Herbs, perennial, 35–100 cm tall, all parts to sepals streaks to dots; marginal glands black, on cilia or denticles;
crisped-pubescent to -puberulous (longer on stem), erect from margin glandular-ciliate to -denticulate, apex subacute; veins 3.
creeping and rooting base, with few branches. Stems terete, Petals bright [or rarely pale] yellow, sometimes red-veined, ob-
eglandular. Leaves subsessile or with petiole to 1.5 mm; blade long-elliptic, 1–1.2 cm × ca. 5 mm, 2–3 × as long as sepals;
ovate-oblong to elliptic, 1.7–5(–6) × 1–2 cm; thickly papery, laminar glands sparse, pale, lines to dots; margin sparsely black-
abaxially paler; laminar glands pale, scattered dots; main lateral glandular-ciliate. Stamens 24–30, longest 7–10 mm, 0.7–0.8 ×
veins 2- or 3-paired, tertiary reticulation dense; base broadly as long as petals. Ovary ovoid; styles 2–6 mm, 1.3–2.5 × as
cuneate, margin entire and plane, apex obtuse. Inflorescence long as ovary. Capsule ovoid or oblong-ovoid to conic, 4–7 ×
many flowered, from 3–6 nodes, sometimes with subsidiary 3–5 mm, 1.5–2 × as long as sepals. Seeds brown, ca. 1 mm. Fl.
branches from 1–4 nodes below, the whole narrowly pyramidal Jul–Aug, fr. Sep. 2n = ?16, 18.
to cylindric, 3.5–25 × 1.5–6 cm; bracts and bracteoles lan- Wooded valleys and slopes; below 2800 m. Xinjiang (Gong-
ceolate to linear-lanceolate, black-glandular-ciliate. Flowers ca. liu) [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (European part, Siberia E to
 CLUSIACEAE

Angara Sayan); NW Africa (Algeria), SW Asia, Europe (except Medi- Hypericum hirsutum is the only Chinese Hypericum with hairy
terranean region)]. stems and leaves.

11. Hypericum sect. Trigynobrathys (Y. Kimura) N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 16: 3. 1987.
地耳草组 di er cao zu
Sarothra sect. Trigynobrathys Y. Kimura in Nakai & Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 10: 233. 1951.
[Shrubs, subshrubs or] perennial to annual herbs, [nearly always] glabrous, without dark glands. Stems rooting or not. Sepals
and petals 5; sepals free, entire; petals not clawed, without apiculus; petals and stamens persistent after anthesis. Stamens [not usually
clearly fascicled] irregularly arranged, anthers dorsifixed. Styles (2 or)3[–5], free. Capsule valves obscurely longitudinally vittate;
placentation parietal; seeds not carinate or winged, testa reticulate to ribbed-scalariform.
Fifty-one species: North and South America, tropical and S Africa, Madagascar, E and SE Asia, Australia; introduced in Europe; two species in
China.

63. Hypericum gramineum G. Forster, Fl. Ins. Austr. 53. 64. Hypericum japonicum Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg.,
1786. ed. 14, 702. 1784.
细叶金丝桃 xi ye jin si tao 地耳草 di er cao
Hypericum japonicum Thunberg var. kainantense Masa- Brathys japonica (Thunberg) Wight; B. laxa Blume;
mune; H. japonicum var. lanceolatum Y. Kimura; Sarothra Hypericum cavaleriei H. Léveillé; H. chinense Osbeck (1757),
graminea (G. Forster) Y. Kimura; S. saginoides Y. Kimura. nom. utique rej., not Linnaeus (1759), nor Retzius (1788); H.
Herbs, perennial or annual, 5–30 cm tall, erect to decum- japonicum var. calyculatum R. Keller; H. japonicum var.
bent but not rooting; stems solitary or ± cespitose, unbranched cavaleriei (H. Léveillé) Koidzumi; H. japonicum var.
below inflorescence or variously branched. Stems 4-lined, maximowiczii R. Keller; H. japonicum var. thunbergii (Franchet
eglandular. Leaves sessile; blade lanceolate or rarely ovate- & Savatier) R. Keller; H. laxum (Blume) Koidzumi; H.
lanceolate to linear, 0.6–1.3[–2.5] cm × 1–5[–8] mm; thickly nervatum Hance; H. thunbergii Franchet & Savatier; Sarothra
papery, abaxially paler and sometimes glaucous; laminar gland japonica (Thunberg) Y. Kimura; S. laxa (Blume) Y. Kimura.
dots dense distally, sparser proximally; intramarginal glands Herbs, annual, 2–45 cm, tall or long, erect to decumbent
dense; with or without one pair of basal main lateral veins, or prostrate and rooting at base or along stem; stems solitary
veins prominent abaxially, tertiary reticulation not visible; base or ± cespitose, unbranched below inflorescence or variously
cordate to rounded or sometimes cuneate and usually somewhat branched. Stem 4-lined, with scattered gland dots. Leaves ses-
decurrent and forming a “V,” margin plane or recurved, apex sile; blade usually ovate or ovate-triangular to oblong or ellip-
obtuse to rounded. Inflorescence 1–21-flowered, terminal, tic, 0.2–1.8 cm × 1–10 mm; thickly papery, abaxially paler and
sometimes with subsidiary branches from up to 3 nodes below, sometimes glaucous; laminar and intramarginal glands dense;
triangular-lanceolate to linear; bracts and bracteoles triangular- main lateral veins 1–7, basal, tertiary reticulation not visible;
lanceolate to linear. Flowers 5–8 mm in diam., stellate; buds base cordate-amplexicaul to cuneate, not decurrent, margin
ellipsoid, apex subacute. Sepals free, erect, lanceolate to nar- plane, apex obtuse to rounded. Inflorescence 1- to ca. 30-flow-
rowly elliptic, subequal to unequal, 2.8–5[–9] × [0.8–]1.5–2 ered, terminal, sometimes with flowering branches from up to 3
mm; laminar glands lines, distally dots; marginal glands absent; nodes below; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate-subulate to leaf-
apex acute to subacute; veins 3–5. Petals pale to bright yellow
like. Flowers 4–8 mm in diam., stellate; buds cylindric-ellip-
or orange, obovate to oblanceolate, 5–10 × 2–5 mm, ca. 1.3 × as
soid, apex ± obtuse. Sepals free, erect, narrowly oblong or
long as sepals; laminar glands few, streaks, or absent; margin
rarely lanceolate to elliptic, subequal to unequal, 2–5.5 × 0.5–2
entire, eglandular. Stamens 30–40, irregular, longest 2.5–4 mm,
mm; laminar glands lines, distally dots; marginal glands absent;
0.4–0.6 × as long as petals. Ovary narrowly ovoid-conic; styles
apex acute or obtuse to rounded; veins 3–5. Petals pale to bright
3, 0.7–1.8 mm, ca. 0.9 × as long as ovary, ± spreading. Capsule
yellow or orange, obovate to oblong or elliptic, 1.7–5 × 0.8–1.8
ovoid-conic, 2.5–8 × 1–3.5 mm, ca. 2 × as long as sepals. Seeds
mm, 0.4–0.8 × as long as sepals; laminar glands absent; margin
brown, ca. 0.5 mm; testa finely ribbed-scalariform. Fl. May–
entire, eglandular. Stamens 5–30, irregular or in 5 obscure
Oct, fr. Jul–Oct. 2n = 16, 14.
groups when few, longest 1.5–2.8 mm, 0.4–0.8 × as long as pe-
Wet but well-drained habitats; (1200–)1900–2700 m. ?Hainan, tals. Ovary ± broadly ovoid to subglobose; styles (2 or)3, 0.4–
Taiwan (Xinzhu), S Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Papua New Guinea, 0.8(–1) mm, 0.4–0.6 × as long as ovary, spreading. Capsule
Vietnam; Australia, Pacific islands (Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zea-
cylindric to globose, (2–)2.5–6 × 1.3–2.8 mm, usually slightly
land)].
shorter than to slightly exceeding sepals. Seeds straw-yellow,
The description of Hypericum japonicum var. kainantense, from ca. 0.5 mm; testa finely linear-scalariform. Fl. Mar–Oct, fr.
Hainan, appears to fit H. gramineum better than H. japonicum. One of Apr–Nov. 2n = 16.
the authors (Robson) has not examined the type specimen of this variety
or the specimen on which the record of H. gramineum from “Chang Rice fields, ditches, marshes, grasslands, waste places; sea level to
Ngo Shan” (Zhang Nao Shan, Wanning, Hainan) is based, so the occur- ca. 3000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan,
rence of this species in Hainan remains unconfirmed. Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan,
 CLUSIACEAE

Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, Cambodia, N and S India, Indonesia (Su-

matra to Irian Jaya), Japan, S Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; SE Australia, Pacific islands
(New Zealand)].

Hypericum japonicum is very variable and, the variation being

continuous, eight nodal variants have been recognized but not formally
named. Five of these occur in China:

(i) Stems erect to decumbent; inflorescence from terminal node

only; bracts linear to lanceolate; sepals narrow (“japonicum” in part).
Lowland.

(ii) Stems erect to decumbent; inflorescence from more than one

node, sometimes with other branches; bracts linear to lanceolate; sepals
narrow (“japonicum” in part). Lowland.

(iii) Stems erect; inflorescence from terminal node; bracts leaf-

like; sepals narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic (“maximowiczii”).
?Lowland.

(iv) Stems decumbent to procumbent; inflorescence from terminal

node; bracts leaflike; sepals narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic
(“laxum”). Lowland to upland.

(v) Stems decumbent to prostrate; inflorescence from terminal

node; bracts leaflike; sepals (at least outer) broadly elliptic to obovate
(“calyculatum”). Upland to montane.
CLUSIACEAE