Z test and T test
• Null Hypothesis is denoted by 𝐻0 If a population mean
is equal to hypothesized mean then Null Hypothesis
can be written as 𝐻0: 𝜇 = 𝜇0 .
• The Alternative hypothesis is negation of null
hypothesis and is denoted by 𝐻1 If Null is given as 𝐻0 :
𝜇 = 𝜇0 Then alternative Hypothesis can be written as
H1 : 𝜇 =𝜇0
• Significance means the percentage risk to reject a null
hypothesis when it is true and it is denoted by 𝛼
generally taken as 1%, 5%, 10% , (1 − 𝛼) is the
confidence interval in which the null hypothesis will
exist when it is true.
• A t-test is a hypothesis test of the mean of one or two normally distributed
populations. Several types of t-tests exist for different situations, but they
all use a test statistic that follows a t-distribution under the null hypothesis.
• Purpose of one sample T test is whether the mean of a single population is
equal to a target value.
• For Example, Is the mean height of female college students greater than 5.5
feet?
Practice Questions
A sample of 900 members has a mean 3.4 cm and SD 2.61 cm. Is the sample
taken from a large population with mean 3.25 cm. and SD 2.62 cm?
An auto company decided to introduce a new six-cylinder car whose mean
petrol consumption is claimed to be lower than that of the existing auto engine.
It was found that the mean petrol consumption for the 50 cars was 10 km per
litre with a standard deviation of 3.5 km per litre. Test at 5% level of
significance, whether the claim of the new car petrol consumption is 9.5 km
per litre on the average is acceptable.
A manufacturer of ball pens claims that a certain pen he manufactures
has a mean writing life of 400 pages with a standard deviation of 20
pages. A purchasing agent selects a sample of 100 pens and puts them
for test. The mean writing life for the sample was 390 pages. Should the
purchasing agent reject the manufactures claim at 1% level?
The mean weekly sales of soap bars in departmental stores were 146.3
bars per store. After an advertising campaign the mean weekly sales in
400 stores for a typical week increased to 153.7 and showed a standard
deviation of 17.2. Was the advertising campaign successful?
The following data represents hemoglobin values in gm/dl for 10 patients:
10.5. 9 6.5 8 11 7 7.5 8.5 9.5 12
Is the mean value for patients significantly differ from the mean value of general
population (12 gm/dl). Evaluate the role of chance.( α = 0.05 )
• The nine items of a sample have the following values: 45, 47, 50, 52, 48, 47, 49,
53,51. Does the mean of these differ significantly from the assumed mean of
these differ significantly from the assumed mean of 47.5?
• Ten individuals are chosen at random from the population and their heights are
found to be inches 63, 63, 64, 65, 66, 69, 69, 70, 70, 71. Discuss the suggestion
that the mean height in the universe is 66 at 0.05 level of significance.
• Nine items of a sample have the following values 45, 47, 50, 52, 8, 47, 49, 53, 51,
50. Does the mean of the 9 items differ significantly from the assumed population
mean of 47.5 ?
• A soap manufacturing company was distributing a particular brand of
soap through a large number of retail shops. Before a heavy
advertisement campaign, the mean sales per week per shop was
140 dozens. After the campaign, a sample of 26 shops was taken
and the mean sales were found to be 147 dozens with a standard
deviation of 16. Can you consider the advertisement effective?