MA1201 Calculus and Basic Linear Algebra II Solution of Problem Set 5
Complex Number
Problem 1
(a) ( ) ( )
(b)
( )
(c)
( ) ( ) ( ⏟ )( ) ( )( )
(d)
( ) ( )
Problem 2
Note that
( )
Problem 3
(a) The modulus and argument of are given by
√ ( ) √
The Polar form and Euler form of are then given by
√ ( ( ) ( )) ⏟
√
⏟
(b) The modulus and argument of √ √ are given by
√
√(√ ) (√ ) √
√
The Polar form and Euler form of are then given by
√ ( ) ⏟
√
⏟
(c) The modulus and argument of is given by
√ ( )
The Polar form and Euler form of are then given by
( ( ) ( )) ⏟
⏟
(d) The modulus and argument of √ are given by
√
√( ) ( √ ) ( ) ( )
The Polar form and Euler form of are then given by
( ( ) ( )) ⏟
⏟
- 1-
(e) The modulus and argument of are given by
√( ) √
The Polar form and Euler form of are then given by
( )
√ ( (
⏟ ) ( )) ⏟
√
(f) The modulus and argument of are given by
√ ( ) √
The Polar form and Euler form of are then given by
( )
√ ( ( ) ( )) ⏟
√
⏟
(g) ( )
⏟
⏟
(h) ( ) ( )
⏟ ( ) ( )
⏟
(i) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
[ ] ( )
( )( ) ( )
⏟ ⏟
( ) ( )( )
⏟ ⏟
(j)
( ) ( ) ( )
[ ] ( ) ( )
( )
( ( ) ( ))
⏟ ⏟
Problem 4
Recall that and .
(a)
⏟( )
⏟ ( ) ( )
- 2-
(b) ( )
⏟( )
( ) ( )
⏟
(c) ( )
( ) ( )
⏞
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
[ ] [ ]
( )
( ) ( )[ ( ) ( )]
⏟ ⏟
(d)
( ) ( ) ( )
[ ] ( )
⏟
[ ( ) ( )]
⏟
Problem 5
(a) ( )
√
√ ( ( ) ( ))
( ( ( )) ( ( ))) ( )
√ √
(b)
( ) [√ ( )] ( ( ) ( ))
(c) We first note that
( )(√ ) [√ ( ( ) ( ))] [ ( )]
( )
√ ( ( ) ( ))
√ [ ( ) ( )]
Therefore, we have
( )(√ )
( ) [√ [ ( ) ( )]] ( ( ) ( ))
(d)
√ √ √ ( ) ( )
( ( ) ( ))
- 3-
(e) We first note that
√ ( ) √ ( )
( )
( √ ) (
⏟ ) √
[ ( )]
Thus, we have
√ √ ( ) ( )
( √ ) √
( ( ) ( ))
(f)
( ) √[√ ( )] √ ( )
( )
(g) ( )
( )
Thus
( ) ( )
( ) [ ]
(h)
( ) ( )
Thus, we conclude that
√ √ ( ) ( ) ( )
Problem 6
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ( ) ( ))
( ) ( )
Problem 7
(a) Since | | , then the polar form of is seen to be . Then
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) [ ( ) ( )]
( )
⏞
Thus is purely imaginary.
- 4-
(b) Since , then ̅ . The remaining argument is similar to that of
(a). We omit the detail here.
Problem 8
(a) ( )
( )
̅ ( )
(b) ( ̅) [( ) ( )] ( )
(c)
√ ̅ √( ) ( ) √ √ ( ) ( )
Problem 9
Note that
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅
̅ ( )( ̅ ) ( ̅ )( )
( ) ( ) ⏞ ( )
̅ ( )( ̅ )
̅ | | | |
̅ | |
⏞ ⏞
( )( ̅ ) ( )( ̅ ) ( )( ̅ )
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅
̅ ( )( ̅ ) ( ̅ )( )
( ) ( ) ⏞ ( )
̅ ( )( ̅ )
̅ ̅ ( ) ( )
( )( ̅ ) ̅ ̅ | | ( ) ( )
Problem 10
| | | ( )(̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅) (
| )(̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅)
( )( ̅ ̅) ( )( ̅ ̅)
̅ ̅ ̅ ̅ ̅ ̅ ̅ ̅ ( ̅ ̅)
( ̅ ̅̅̅̅̅̅
̅) ( ̅)
Remark: The last equality follows from the fact that ̅ ( ).
Problem 11
(a)
√ √ √ √√ ( )
( )
( ( ) ( ))
(b)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
- 5-
(c) ( )( )
√ ( ) ( )
√( )
where
(d)
√ ⏞ √
√ √( √ ) ( )( )
√
√ or √
√ ( ) √ ( ( ) ( ))
( ) ( )
where
(e)
√ √ √
√ √ ( ) √
( )
√ ( ( ) ( ))
√√ ( ) ( )
where
Problem 12
Since is one of the root, it follows that ̅̅̅̅̅̅ is also the root of the same equation. By
factor theorem, [ ( )] and [ ( )] are the factors of the polynomial on L.H.S. This implies
that the product [ ( )][ ( )] is also the factor of the same polynomial.
Using long division, the equation can be solved as
( )( )
√( ) ( )( )
Problem 13
(a) We first note that
( ) ( )
On the other hand, one cause Binomial theorem and obtain
( )
( )
( ) ( )
- 6-
By comparing the real part between the equations ( ) and ( ), we get
( ) ( )
(b) We shall consider the expression ( ) . We first note that
( ) ( )
On the other hand, one cause Binomial theorem and obtain
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
By comparing the imaginary part between the equation ( ) and ( ), we obtain
( )
Problem 14
(a) Using the fact that , we obtain
( ) ( ) ( )
On the other hand, one can use Binomial theorem and obtain
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
By comparing ( ) and ( ), we obtain
( )
(b) Using the fact that and , we get
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
One can use Binomial theorem and obtain
( ) ( ) [( )( )] ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
By comparing ( ) and ( ), we obtain
( )
( )
(c) Using the result obtained in (b), the integral can be computed as
∫ ∫ ( )
[ ]
- 7-