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in/
EE405
Electrical System
Design
Arun Xavier
AP, EEE
VAST
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2 Module III
Industrial installations –classifications- Design of
distribution systems with light power and motor
loads for small and medium industries.
Selection of transformer substations,
switchgears and protective devices
Design of indoor and outdoor 11 kV substations
up to 630 kVA.
06-12-
ARUN XAVIER, VAST
2020
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3
Electrical Installations for
Small Industries
In the previous sections electrical wiring installations for
residential and commercial buildings were discussed. In
this section we can see how motor wiring installations
are done in small industries.
Let us first consider the wiring of a single motor and then
see how the same procedure can he used for designing
electrical wiring installations for small industries with
more than one motors.
ARUN XAVIER, VAST 06-Dec-20
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4 Motor Circuit Wiring
Let us consider the wiring of a single motor. Every motor
must be controlled by a main switch.
A three phase motor would need a triple pole switch with
fuse in each phase. In addition a starter may be required for
starting and stopping the motor.
The size of switch fuse unit and that of the starter will
depend upon the rating of the motor.
Depending upon the rating of motor, PVC cables of suitable
size are to be used for wiring. For large capacity motors,
three phase underground cables are used.
Generally wires or cables are enclosed in a rigid heavy
gauge conduit of suitable size. Flexible conduits may be
used for connections from motor switch to starter and from
starter to motor terminals.
ARUN XAVIER, VAST 06-Dec-20
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5 Motor Circuit Wiring
A single line
diagram showing
the motor circuit
wiring is shown in
figure
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Motor Circuit Wiring
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Now consider a large workshop or a factory. A number of
machines of various types and capacities driven by
individual motors have to be installed at different locations.
Power to various machines is distributed from the main
switchboard, located at a convenient position. It consist of
different switchfuse units to control the incoming and
outgoing circuits.
The outgoing circuits feed different sub distribution boards,
erected at convenient places from where various motors
are controlled separately.
Each motor has to be controlled separately from the mains
through distri-bution boards. Looping out of the motors (i.e.
connecting two or more motors in one circuit) should be
avoided as far as possible.
In small workshops only a switchboard or distribution board is
used for carrying out the distribution of power.
ARUN XAVIER, VAST 06-Dec-20
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Design Considerations of
7
Electrical Installation in Small
Industries
The details of calculation for deciding the cable size,
fuse rating, switches, starters etc. for the installation of
motors are discussed in the following sections.
ARUN XAVIER, VAST 06-Dec-20
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Motor Current
8
When the motor is first connected to the line, it will draw
much more current than its rated current till the motor
comes upto speed.
This is the `starting current' of the motor. As the motor
reaches full speed delivering its rated horse power at
rated voltage the motor carries the 'full load current'.
If the motor is overloaded, the current increases and it will
overheat. If the overload is large enough the motor may
even burn out.
The current rating of cables for supply to motor may be
based upon the normal full load current of motor, but the
rating of fuse should be based upon the starting current.
The rating of fuse should not be greater than twice the
rating of cables.
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Deciding the Cable Size
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Deciding the Cable Size
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Deciding the Cable Size
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12 Deciding the Fuse Rating
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Deciding the starter, distribution
13 board, main switch
Every motor shall be provided with efficient means of starting
and stopping which shall, if practicable, be within sight of a
person at the motor and shall be so arranged as to be easily
operated by the person in control of the motor. Different types
of motors have different methods of starting as enlisted in Table
ARUN XAVIER, VAST 06-Dec-20
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Deciding the starter, distribution
14 board, main switch
The specification of the distribution board is decided from
the number of circuits to be fed from it. The voltage rating
of the distribution board is decided by the voltage rating
of the circuits which are fed from it and its current rating is
the highest starting current of the circuits fed from it.
If the main switch has to control a group of motors, its
current rating should be equal to the starting current of
the motor of highest rating plus the full load current of
remaining motors.
ARUN XAVIER, VAST 06-Dec-20
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15 Determination of the size of
conduit
The required size of conduit depends upon three
factors:
the number of cables to be installed
the cross sectional area of the cable
the permissible conduit fill.
The maximum permissible number of 240 V grade single
core cables that can be drawn into standard sizes of
rigid steel/PVC conduit.
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16 Problems
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Problem 2
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Regards
Arun Xavier
[Link]
/c/arunxaviertech
ARUN XAVIER, VAST 06-Dec-20