Research methods

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Contents
Research methods ......................................................................................................................................1
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Inductive and deductive approaches to the researches..............................................................................3
Difference between Inductive and Deductive approaches..........................................................................4
Samples associated with Induction and Deduction.....................................................................................4
Aspects of International Marketing.............................................................................................................5
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................6
References...................................................................................................................................................7
Introduction

International market can be defined as the market that is outside the international borders of an
organization’s country of origin. In simple words, International market can be explained as the
market at global level. It is done to meet the requirements of the customers globally. It gives the
opportunity to expand the business and create a bigger market for the organization. Due to these
reasons, it is also known as global market. It is execution of the conception on a multinational
level. The inductive and deductive methods that are essential for domestic as well as
international market discussed in this assessment. This assessment mainly focuses on the
inductive and deductive approaches to the researches.

Inductive and deductive approaches to the researches

Inductive approach to the research

Induction is related to initially obtaining the data, come across the reality and organize
relationships related to the specific cases that are being reviewed. If the mentioned requirements
are accurate then these are worked upon. Induction is ultimately organizing the pure truth of the
matters concerned with the population or the universe based monitoring. The proof of Binomial
Theorem in mathematics is also build on the basis of the method of induction. According to the
studies, many family driven businesses had made it clear that the process of decision making is
centralized and translucent. Induction mainly includes unobserved multiples rather than observed
less (Faems,2020).

Inductive approach starts with the elaborate observations of the world, that is related to the
conceptual ideas and generalizations. While backing an inductive approach, after choosing the
topic, the person who is researching has to grow the observed generalizations and recognize
preliminary relationships as the research gets ahead.

In inductive approach, the main focus is to explore the latest phenomena and also examine the
old researches but with different point of view. Inductive approach is related to the creation of
the latest and different theory that has been taken out from the data (Armat, Assarroudi, Rad, Sharifi
and Heydari,2018).

Deductive approach to the research

Deductive approach is related to the evolution of a hypothesis on the basis of an existing theory,
and then planning a research strategy to examine the thesis. Generally, deductive refers to the
reasoning from specific the common. If a constructive relationship is suggested by a specific
thesis, It may be true in multiple cases. Deductive approach can be elaborated with the help of
thesis, which can be obtained from the thesis (Pearse,2019 June).

Deductive research approach inspects an introduced theory and examine if the theory is genuine
according to the given conditions. It is important to be informed that deductive approach follows
logical approaches. The deduction begins with the theory and guides to a new thesis. The
hypothesis is kept on to be examined by resisting with observations that will lead the thesis to be
rejected or to be confirmed (Casula, Rangarajan and Shields,2021).

In deductive approach, the main focus is on reason. Deductive approaches are generally linked
with quantitative research. Deductive approach is related to the aim and testing the theory
(Azungah,2018.).

Differences between Inductive and Deductive approaches

Inductive Approach Deductive Approach

3. In this, researchers do not have to follow 3. In this, it is necessary to follow the old
the old information. information.
4. It is acquired by the researchers who 4. It is acquired by the researchers who
perform quantitative research. perform qualitative research.
5. In this, material theories are not reviewed. 5. In this, the researchers have to start their
research by reviewing past as well as
present of the theories (Woiceshyn and
Daellenbach,2018).

Samples associated with Induction and Deduction

Samples of Inductive Method – 1. The Pug is a dog, it has hairs and it barks.

The Labrador is a dog, it has hairs and it barks.

The Pomeranian is a dog , it has hairs and it barks.

2. Mars is spherical.

Mars is a planet.

Conclusion: All the planets are spherical.

Samples of Deductive Method – 1. The planets are spherical.

Mars is a planet

Conclusion: Mars is spherical.

2. Inert gases are stable.

Xenon is an inert gas.

Conclusion: Xenon is stable.

Aspects of International Marketing

1. Market Research – Market research includes recognizing or inspecting the chances that
are accessible in the marketing environment. The goal of execution of this research is to
recognize needs and interests of the customer. From International point of view, there are
some points of marketing management that should be considered while inspecting the
market. The international market environment is consist of socio-cultural environment,
economic environment, technical environment, etc. This is also referred as PEST
Analysis (Bagnied, 2022.).
2. Market Segmentation – Market segmentation requires the distribution of the market in
particular groups of the customers and their requirements. The cause of this is the
variation in attitudes, resources, location, etc. The methods of market segmentation are
discussed below:
a) Geographic segmentation – Geographic segmentation leads to the division of the
market into numerous geographical units like, regions of the world, countries, cities,
etc. The factors that are must to be considered are language, culture and the climate. It
is generally used by the businesses at global level.
b) Behavioral group segmentation – The variables that are involved in this are income
of the brand and brand loyalty. It is important for the businesses to set up the ways
that contain a group of customers that utilize the products and services.
c) Demographic segmentation – Demographic segmentation organizes the market with
respect to demographic variables like gender, income, education, age. It is required to
 modify the marketing mix as there is change in the requirements of the consumer with
respect to his age.
d) Psychographic segmentation – In a specific demographic category, people posses
various attitudes. Some measures of motivation are required in this strategy that can
posses the behavior (Donthu, Kumar, Pattnaik and Pandey, 2021).
3. Branding and Brand Names – ‘Brand’ is the term that is utilized to recognize the goods
and products that belong to a particular firm. It also differ those products from the
products of the competitor. In international marketing the brand name is the way of
differentiation (Wardani and Kusuma, 2020).
4. Marketing Ethics – To make sure that the products and services provided by the firm are
being utilized well by the customer, the firm should consider the ethical standards that
guide the numerous cultures. The various demands of multiple stakeholders such as
workers, customers, shareholders, and community create the condition for business to
face ethical dilemmas. (Katsikeas, Leonidou and Zeriti, 2019).

Conclusion

International market is the exchange of goods and services on the global level. In simple
words it can be explained as the market at international level or cross-boundary market.
The inductive and deductive approaches to the research are explained above. The
deductive method of research is associated with the quantitative approach of the research.
In this method, the researcher has to go through the past as well as present of the theory.
The inductive Method includes the creation of specific hypothesis related to the topic
which is not known till the date. In simple words, it means the discovery of the
hypothesis which is not discovered yet.
 References

Azungah, T., 2018. Qualitative research: deductive and inductive approaches to data analysis. Qualitative
research journal.

Woiceshyn, J. and Daellenbach, U., 2018. Evaluating inductive vs deductive research in management
studies: Implications for authors, editors, and reviewers. Qualitative research in organizations and
management: An International Journal.

Katsikeas, C., Leonidou, L. and Zeriti, A., 2019. Revisiting international marketing strategy in a digital era:
Opportunities, challenges, and research directions. International Marketing Review.

Bagnied, M., 2022. International marketing.

Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Pattnaik, D. and Pandey, N., 2021. A bibliometric review of International Marketing
Review (IMR): past, present, and future. International Marketing Review.

Wardani, S. and Kusuma, I.W., 2020. Comparison of Learning in Inductive and Deductive Approach to
Increase Student’ s Conceptual Understanding based on International Standard Curriculum. Jurnal
Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 9(1), pp.70-78.

Armat, M.R., Assarroudi, A., Rad, M., Sharifi, H. and Heydari, A., 2018. Inductive and deductive:
Ambiguous labels in qualitative content analysis. The Qualitative Report, 23(1), pp.219-221.

Pearse, N., 2019, June. An illustration of deductive analysis in qualitative research. In 18th European
conference on research methodology for business and management studies (p. 264).

Casula, M., Rangarajan, N. and Shields, P., 2021. The potential of working hypotheses for deductive
exploratory research. Quality & Quantity, 55(5), pp.1703-1725.

Faems, D., 2020. Moving forward quantitative research on innovation management: a call for an inductive
turn on using and presenting quantitative research. R&D Management, 50(3), pp.352-363.