Unit 2/3 - Analytic Geometry and Geometric Properties

Learning Goals: Weare learning...

To determine the midpointof a line —
Nog Pe Op

To determine the length ofa line segment

To determine the equation for a circle
To apply formulas to solve problems
To investigate andverify properties of triangles
To investigate and verify properties of quadrilaterals
To investigate and verify properties of circles

Success Criteria: I can...

1. Select and use appropriate formulas proficiently So
2. Determinethe equation of a median,right bisector, and altitude using slope and midpoint
3. Use appropriate formulas and solution strategies to solve problems, including the intersection of lines

Getting Ready for Chapter AG2.01 p- 55 #48

2 (Equations of Lines, 21
1. Parallel and Perpendicular
~ Lines)
2 Midpoint of a Line Segment AG2.01 2a p- 66 #2, 5, 6, 12-14, 23, 29
LG1
3 Length of a LineSegment; AG2.02 2.2 p. 77 #2, 4, 5a, 6, 8, 10 Skill Check on
|Applying LengthFormula LG2 — 48,14, 19,20 Analytic
Geometry
4 , Equation of a Median, AG2.01 21 p. 67 #17, 19
RightBisector, Altitude LG4 p. 90 #18
5 Distance from a Point to a LG4 p- 89 #14, 24
Line
Quest ' Dayi-5
6 Triangle Centres AG2.05 23 Handout
; LG4
7 Verifying Properties of AG3.01-3 3.1,3.2, |: p..89 #5,9
Triangles LG5, 6 a3 p: 124 #2, 7,13 |
8 Verifying Properties of p. 89 #7am 20 and p. 143
Quadrilaterals #5, 7,11
9 Equation for a Circle AG2.03, 4 2.4,3.5 p. 96 i#1c, 2ac, 3ac, 4abe,6,
LG3
10 Properties of Circles AG3.03 3.5 p- 97 #9, p. 150 #3, 12
LG6
1 Review AGV.02, 3 p- 102 #10, 15bcd, 17
LG 17 p. 104 #1-3, 11, 14
. 154 #7a, 8, 9,12 .
Test AGV.02, 3 p.109#5,6 0 Test
LG1-7 -

1 of 21
 Day 1: Slope and Equations of Lines

The word slope (aka: gradient, incline, pitch) is used to describe the
measurementof the steepness of a straight line or line segment. The higher the
slope, the steeper the line is. The slope of a lineis a rate of change.
Slope is important in many real world situations. For example, a wheelchair
ramp mustbe built so that its grade or steepness is small enough that a person
in a wheelchair is capable of going up the ramp onhis or her [Link] addition,
roads along mountainsides are designed with a small gradeso that trucks do
not drive out of control. If this happens, the positive slope of a mountain can
assist slowing a truck down along an escape ramp. The mathematical symbol
for slope is m.

Ex1. Find the slopeof the line that passes through A(—3,4) and B(5,—2).

slope is slope is slopeis slope is

2 of 26
Equation of the line:

Two Formats You Can Start With:

y=mx+b (slope/y-interceptform) y=m(x—x,)+y, (slope/pointform)

m= m=
b= x, Y)=

End With Either:

y=mx+b (slope/y-interceptform) or Ax+By+C=0 (standard form)

a) Find the equation of a line in Standard Form given a slope of -6 passing through the point R(—2,3).

b) Find the equation of the line in Standard Form passing through K(—2,5) and G(6,-1),

% of 26
c) Find the equationof the line in slope/y-intercept form given a slope of : passing through

P(-4,5).

d) Find the equationof the line in y=mx+bthat is perpendicular to y =3x+5 passing

through W (-2,4).

e) slope is undefined, passes through (4, -3).

f) Horizontal line passing through (-4,-2).

Homework: Page 55 #4-8

4 of 26
 Day 2: Midpoint of a Line Segment

VERTICAL LINE SEGMENTS

Whatis the midpoint of the line segment AB?
A (-6, 9)
B (-6, 3)
M(__,__)

How can the midpoint be determined using a

mathematical calculation instead of counting the number
of squares?
Answer:

HORIZONTAL LINE SEGMENTS

Whatis the midpoint of the line segment AB?
A (2,1)
B (8, 1)
M(__,__)
How can the midpoint be determined using a
mathematical calculation instead of counting the number
of squares?
Answer:

5 of 26
DIAGONAL LINE SEGMENTS

Whatis the midpointof the line segment AB?

A(3,2) B(7,8)

First, find the values

Next, find the values

Midpoint =(__,__)

Summary:

Formula for the Midpoint of a Line Segment:

midpoint =

midpoint =

6 of 26
Task 2: Practice

Find the Midpoint of the pair of co-ordinates given below:

a) A(3,4), B(—5,2)
M=( <anee Ua6¥e )

Therefore:

b) P(—7,3), Q(—9,1) c) DG, -3, EG,

M is the midpoint of line segment UP. The coordinatesof U are (-2, 3) and the coordinates of M
are (1, 0). Find the coordinatesof P.

midpoint Mp = Ee |

Complete: Page 66 #2, 5, 6, 12-14, 23, 29

7 of 26
 Day 3: Length of a Line Segment

Vertical Line Segments

How long is the line segment on the graph?
[| units

Flow can the length be determined using a mathematical calculation

instead of counting the number of squares?

Answer:

Horizontal|ine Segments
How long is the line segment on the graph?
[| units

Flow can the length be determined using a mathematical calculation

instead of counting the number of squares?

Answer:

Diagonal Line Segments

This line segmentis more difficult to determine the length as the j porno
number of squares cannot be counted as they are ona diagonal. ™ ol

First, calculate the vertical line segment

Ya y=
Second, calculate the horizontal line segment

X2—- X= we . 4 gl

Then, calculate the hypotenuse of the right triangle

c= art |?

aT
ll

Length of a| ine Segment Formula:

length =

8 of 26
Ex Using the formula, find the length ofthe line segment D (3, 5) and F (4,-6).

Tac ice Complete #4 on page 11 for practice.

Fas ications
What types oftriangles are there?
= all sides unequal = 2 equal sides

=3 equal sides = follows the

Pythagorean Theorem: ath= Cc, where is

the hypotenuse (the longest side)

1 A triangle has these vertices: [D(6, 3), O44,1), G(2, -5).

a. Graph this triangle.
b. Determine the length of each side using, the formula.
|Leave your answers with the square root.

DO =

OG =

Therefore, ADOG is (scalene, isosceles, or equilateral?)

ak26
 z. A& triangle has these vertices: (_(5, -2), A(-4, 6), |(7,0).

a. Graph this triangle.

b. (se the formula to determine the length of eachside.

Leave your answers with the square root.

CA=

AT =

CT =

c. Therefore, ACAT is (scalene, isosceles, or equilateral?)

d. Clse the three lengths and the Pythagorean ‘Theorem to determine fFACAT is right angled.

e. Determine the slope of eachside!

CA- AT - CT-

f. How can you use the slopes to determine whether AC_AJ is right angled?

Complete: Page 77 #2, 4, 5a, 6, 8,10, 13, 14, 19, 20

10 0f 26
MPM 2D1 Self Assessment on Analytic Geometry Name:

1. Find the midpoint of the line segmentjoining P(3,-4) and F(-7,-8).

zi, Find the midpoint of the line segmentjoining A(-4,6) and B(3,-5).

3. Find the length of the line segment with endpoints

a) P(3,-4) and F(-7,-8). b) A(-4,6) and B(3,-5).

b) Find one endpointof a line segmentif the midpoint is (3,8) and the other endpointis
B(-2,-4)

c) Find the equation of the line perpendicular to y = =x + 3 passing through D(-3,6).

11 of26
 Day 4: Median, Altitude, Perpendicular Right Bisector

MEDIAN
Median: A line segment from a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side.

Ex1. Plot and connect the points J, 0), OCS, 2) and BU, 4) onthe grid provided.

Median from J to OP:

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1. Determine the midpoint of OB algebraically. { 1

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median. (Remember, you have two points: J (4, oO), and

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Median from O to JP: Median from B to O/:

The three mediansjoin at the:

12 of 26
 ALTITUDE B
Altitude: The perpendicular line segment from a vertex to the line that contains
the opposite side.

A C

Ex2. Plot and connect the points BG,-2), | (2, 8) and(q (8,-2) on the grid provided.

Altitude from PB:

1. Determine the slope of |G.

2. Draw a perpendicular line segment that intersects with

line |G through B. Determine the slope this altitude.
(Jhe opposite reciprocal of the slope ofline |G)

4. Determine the equation of this altitude. Remember, you

have the slope andone point: slope =, and B (4,-2).

Altitude from |: Altitude from G:

The three altitudesjoin at the:

13 of 26
 PERPENDICULAR BISECTORS

Perpendicular Bisector: a line (or line segment) that is perpendicular toa

segment at its midpoint.

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Ex. Plot and connect the points La 4), ACS, 2) and

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P(3,-2) on the grid provided.

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4. Drawa perpendicular line segment through the midpoint of A. Determine the slope of right bisector.
(JThe opposite reciprocal of the slope of line segment LA)

4. Determine the equation ofthis perpendicular bisector. Remember, you have the slope and one point:
slope = and the midpoint (_, _).

14 of 26
 FierpendicularPisector of,A F: FeerpendicularPBisector of,iF;

‘TThe three perpendicular bisectorsjoin at the:

Complete: Page 67 #17,19 Page 90 #18

Page 15 of 26
 Day6: Triangle Centres

» Use the glossary starting on page 570in the textbook to define andillustrate the following:

1. The centroid ofa triangle is

The centroid is also known as the

Determine the centroid ofthe triangle with vertices P(-6,9) Q(6,1) and R(-6,-7) geometrically.

To determine the centroid algebraically:

2 of 21
2. The circumcentreof a triangle is

Determine the circumcentre of the triangle with vertices D(-1,3) E(3,-1) and F(-1,-5)
geometrically.

To determinethe circumcentre algebraically:

% of 21
 3. The orthocentre of a triangle is

Determine the orthocentre of the triangle with vertices A(-2,5), B(5,1) and C(-4, -5).

To determine the orthocentre algebraically:

For any triangle the orthocentre, circumcentre and centroid are

4 of 21
 Day 7: Verifying the Properties of Triangles
Properties of Triangles

Ex1. a) Verify that C(4,0) is the centroid of OPQtriangle.

b) Verify that the centroid divides each median in a 2:1 ratio.

Ex2. The line segment joining the midpoints of twosides of a

triangle isparallel to the third side andhalf its length. Verify
algebraically this property in triangle A(—10,1), R (6,5) and
T(2,—11). Include a labelled diagram as part of your solution.

5 of 21
Ex3. A triangle has vertices M(—7,—3), T(6,10), and H
(3,—5).
i) Verify that:
a. Triangle AMTHis a righttriangle.
b. The median from the right angle to the hypotenuseis half
as long as the hypotenuse.
ii) Calculate the perimeter.
iii) Calculate the area.

Complete: Page 89 #5, 9 & Page 124 #2, 7,13

Page 6 of 21
 Day 8: Verifying Properties of a Quadrilateral

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Page 7 of 21
 classifying Quadrilateraj,
Problem A:
A quadrilateral has these coordinates: M(8, -3), A(-2, -8), T(-4, 3), and H(6, 8).
Graph this quadrilateral and complete the following questions.

1. Determine the length of eachside.

MA AT TH

2. Determinethe slope of each side.

MA AT TH

Page 8 of 21
3. Is MATH a parallelogram? Justify your answer with proper calculations (IE: how do you know).

4. Is MATH arectangle? Justify your answer with proper calculations (IE: how do you know).

5. Is MATH arhombus? Justify your answer with proper calculations (IE: how do you know).

6. Is MATH a square? Justify your answer with proper calculations (IE: how do you know).

7. Draw in the diagonals. Obviously, they are unequal in length. Verify this algebraically (IE: calculate
the length of each diagonal and show they are unequal).

8. Determine the midpoint of each diagonal. What do you notice? What does this mean?

Page 9 of 21
Problem B
Points G(-6, 7), O(4, 3), N(2, -2), and E(-8, 2) form a quadrilateral.

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Page 10 of 21
 2. Join the midpoints of each side to form another quadrilateral.

3. Verify that this ‘midpoint’ quadrilateral is a parallelogram.

Complete: Page89 - #7a, 20 and p.143 - #5, 7, 11

Page 11 of 21
 Day 9: The Equation of a Circle

Warm-Up:
Are You Smarter Than an 8Grader?

wy.
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e The radius(r) is the distance from the centre of a circle to a

e . . . cil

point on thecircle. = c

e All points on the circumference of thecircle are b

equidistant (r units) from the centre.

On the screen, you should see the followingcircle.

1. What are the coordinates of the centre of the circle?

(___,___)

In the equation at the top: (x—)’ +(y—k)? =r’, the value

of h and k are the coordinatesof the centre of the circle. In
this exercise, our centre will alwaysbe (0, 0), so the
equation will be in the form: x?+y? =r’.

Page 12 of 21
2. Write down the equation of this circle shown onthe grid .

3. Sketch a circle with radius 6 on the samegrid and write the equation here.

4. Sketch a circle on the same grid with radius 2 and write the equation here.

5. What does the ‘7’ value stand for in the equation?

6. Whatis the radius of a circle with the equation x’ + y° =77?

7. What would be the equation ofa circle with centre (0, 0)

and radius of 5?

8. What would happento the graphofthe circle if r= 0?

Dueto the Pythagorean Theorem (and thusthe length of a line

segment formula as well!), the equation of a circle with centre
at (0, 0) and radiusr is:

Page 13 of 21
A pointlies on the circumferenceof a circle if the distance between the point and the center ofthecircle is
equal to the radius.

9. Use the formula to determine the equation of a circle with centre (0, 0) if the point (5, 2) is on the
circumference.

Substitute the point (5, 2) into the equation for x and y.

Solve the equation forr.

Substitute the r backinto the formula.

10. Point A(2, 4) is on a grid.

a. Ifacircle is drawn and point A is INSIDEthecircle, what could the equation be? How could you show
this by using thecircle formula?

b. Ifacircle is drawn and point A is OUTSIDEthecircle, what could the equation be? How could you
show this by using the circle formula?

Complete: Page 96 - #1c, 2abc, 3ab, 4ad, 6, 7

Page 14 of 21
 Day 10: Verifying Properties of a Circle

1. The right bisector of a chord of a circle passes through the centre of the circle.

A chordis

On the circle
e construct a chord
e construct the right bisector of the chord

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Example:
A circle has the equation x? + y? =25. The points A(-3,4) and B(5,0) are endpoints of chord
AB. Verify that the centre of the circle lies on the right bisector of chord AB.

Page 15 of 21
2. There is only one circle that passes through three given non-collinear points.

Example:
Findthe centre of the circle that passes through the points E(—5,0), F(—2,3), and G(6,—11).
Determinethe length of the radius of thecircle.

Complete: Page 97 #9, Page 150 #3, 12

Page 16
Yof 21
Given the following points: Y(6, -1) and O(-3, 5), find:

a. Length of YO b. Midpoint of YO

c. Slope of YO d. Equation of the line YO

Given the circle x* + y? =16, state its center and radius:

The point (6,-3) is on a circle that has its centre at(0, 0). Find the equationofthecircle.

If the midpointof a line segmentis at M(-2, -1) and one endpointis at A(1, 4). Find the
coordinates of the other endpoint, P.

Page 17 of 21
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 11. APETis isosceles with vertices at P(4, -1), E(-1, 0), T(3, -6). The two equal sides are
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Complete: Page 102 #10, 15bcd 17 & Page 104 #1-3, 11,14 & Page 154 #7a, 8,9, 12

Answers:
Ta. V117 108 b.(15 I 2) c. =2
3 d. y== 3x43 or 2x+3y-9 = 2.(0,0);4 3.x74+y? 45 4. (5,-6)
5. opposite sides: 7.6 and 6.1;y opposite slopes: =3,
7 and 6; parallelogram 6. y ==! x-2
2
Or x+2y+4 0 7. all distances are [10
8. /85 92 [Link]-5or3 10. (1, 5); (5, 5); (9, 1); (9, -3); (6, -7); (1, -7); (-3, -3); or (3, 1)
11. the slope of the median is 2
and the slope of ETis 3 so they’re opposite reciprocals 12. y —=l x
3 2 2

Page 21 of 21