TOPIC 1: TECHNOLOGY

1. Question: In recent years, technological advancements have significantly changed the way
people live and work. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

pros cons
●connect with people worldwide at the touch of ●people often glue their eye to electronic devices
a button. ->foster, cement meaningful rather than spend quality time on deep
relationships (create new friendship, love, keep in talk/confiding with the beloved ones
touch with distant/oversea relatives) ->disperse people from one another/isolate
-> facilitate global collaboration, individuals-> a risk of reduced social skills and
knowledge sharing, and real-time communication increased feelings of loneliness.
(video conferencing, messaging apps, and ● Cybersecurity threats like data
social media.) breaches have become more
●work at home in lieu of wasting commuting time prevalent->threaten privacy
and costing transportation fees to workplace ● Workers without advanced
(enjoy the comfort of their own home, saving technical skills may face difficulty
time & money for casual clothes) finding new employment->livelihood/
●Automation and AI technologies have subsistence, economic and social challenges
revolutionized industries, making production ● Excessive screen time and technology use can
and operations more streamlined and cost- lead to various health issues (digital eye strain,
effective-> reducing manual labor and increasing poor posture, physical inactivity, and even
precision, consistency anxiety, depression/ addiction to technology)
- made life more convenient. Smartphones, e- -> associated with various dangerous health
commerce, digital services, and on-demand problems: obesity and cardiovascular issues.
information access have simplified daily tasks ●abuse ai, automation->gender false results-
and made information more accessible. >lazy, lethargic, lose ability of independent
thinking, problem-solving

2. Question: In many areas of work, robots are being given more roles. Is this a positive or negative
trend?

pros cons
● Robots can perform repetitive and ● Robots replacing human workers can lead to
labor-intensive tasks faster and more accurately significant unemployment, particularly in
than humans, boosting output. low-skilled jobs.
● They can work continuously without the need ● Cannot handle unexpected situations. Robots
for breaks, vacations, or sick leave. require programming, which means all their
● Robots can take over hazardous jobs, behavior has to be pre-determined. the ability to
such as working in extreme environments, “improvise”
handling toxic materials, or performing tasks in ● Dependence on robots may result
dangerous construction sites. in vulnerabilities if systems fail or are hacked,
(exploit natural resources in mine, ore leading to disruptions in operations.
Explore, collect the extraterrestrial objects in -threaten specific people’ job->affect negatively
outer space->pave the way for the mission of their subsistence->put manual workers’ livelihood
conquering universe) in jeopardy/poverty
-free people from repetitive tasks->spend ->encourage people to work smartly and
valuable time for other activities ->boost efficiently (shift from work monotonous job to
 productivity other effective activities)
Intelligent assistants could take over mundane
and repetitive tasks, freeing employees for more
creative work requiring human skills like
empathy, intuition, strategic thinking and
leadership
Instead of costing too much time to serve, cater
to customers, restauresteur can spend this period
to enhance the quality of service/foods->boost
revenue
-more time for themselves (mental &physical
well-being), family, frs->increase levels of
happiness, achieve the work-life balance

3. Question: Scientists believe that computers will become more intelligent than human beings.
Some people find it is positive while others think it is a negative development. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion.

solve many of humanity's most intractable problems and usher in a new era of unprecedented
prosperity, it also threatens humans' role at the top of the societal and technological hierarchy.

positive negative
● Computers with superior intelligence can -supersede people
analyze massive datasets, identify patterns, and -overreliance ->derive people from the ability of
propose solutions to complex problems in fields independent thinking, problem-solving
like medicine, climate change, and space ->fall behind
exploration-> make informed decisions quickly ● lacks emotional intelligence (recognizing and
and accurately, objectively managing one's own emotions, empathizing with
● Superintelligent systems could others and handling interpersonal relationships
automate decision-making processes in judiciously and empathetically)->hinder AI's
industries, boosting productivity and effectiveness in roles requiring emotional
reducing human workload. sensitivity (counseling, human resources).
● Advanced AI systems might generate ● Intelligent systems could replace
creative solutions or designs beyond highly skilled jobs, leaving many
human imagination, contributing to professionals unemployed and
breakthroughs in technology and the arts. exacerbating economic inequality.
● Over Reliance on computers might
reduce human critical thinking and
problem-solving skills, leading to a
decline in creativity and
intellectual capacity.

4. Question: Maintaining public libraries is a waste of money since computer technology can
replace their functions. Do you agree or disagree?
5. Question: People are spending too much time on their smartphones. Why is this? Is it a positive
or negative trend?
Reasons

● Messaging apps make it easy to stay connected with friends, family, and colleagues.

● Streaming services, mobile games, and short videos provide endless entertainment.

● Many people use their phones out of habit or to pass the time when they are idle.

TOPIC 2: GOVERNMENT SPENDING

1. Question: Governments should spend more money on medical research and less on researching the
environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

medical environment
-People’ health are the center of a society -inextricable relationship with human
Inhabitants: healthy->lay foundation for the -catastrophically polluted environment: no place
developed country (work, study->contribute to pursue economic growth
proactively to overall development) Natural resources are depleted->no material to
Health: do everything they want produce, deliver, consume
-prolong the life expectancy-> make contribution Wildlife animals are extinct->
to the longevity of a country ● Environmental research is vital to
● Investing in medical research leads to better ensure the long-term survival of the planet.
treatments, vaccines, and cures for diseases, Understanding environmental issues helps in
improving overall life expectancy and quality of preserving ecosystems, fighting climate change,
life. and protecting biodiversity.
● Medical breakthroughs can create new ● Environmental degradation threatens the
industries and jobs, boosting the economy. essential ingredients of good health - clean air,
● Increased funding for medical research safe drinking water, nutritious food supply, and
could better prepare societies to face safe shelter - and has the potential to undermine
future global health crises, such as decades of progress in global health.
epidemics or emerging diseases. affects public health by causing respiratory
=>ultimately an investment in public health.
● By investing in environmental
research, governments can reduce
the economic costs of environmental damage,
such as natural disasters, crop failures, and
the loss of biodiversity.

2. Question: The government needs to spend money to encourage the development of sports and arts
for school students, rather than to support professional sports and art events. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this statement?

School students professional sports and art events

-discover the potential ability->immediately -where the dream of pursuing sports/arts of
exploit->navigate the correct career aforementioned children are kindled (interests
pathway=>facilitating the .be full developed are provoked when they are experiencing the
-precursor of the developed sports/arts world in enthusiasm/talent of predecessors)->partly
the future contribute to the growth of arts/sports in future
(equipped with cutting-edged and modern ● Professional sports and arts events
 facilities, regular competition->hone their skills promote national identity and
regularly=>foundation: gifted athlete/artist in the attract international attention.
foreseeable future) ● Large-scale sports and art events
 creates a larger talent pool for future generate revenue through tourism,
professional athletes and artists. sponsorships, and job creation.
● Sports and arts help students develop
creativity, teamwork, and discipline,
which are essential life skills.
● Many students do not have access to
quality sports and arts programs due to
financial barriers, so government
funding can ensure equal opportunities.

3. Question: It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to
prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree
or disagree?

prevention treatment
-easier, more cost-effective than treatment ● Not all illnesses are preventable
->prevent people from contracting with (e.g., genetic disorders, rare diseases, accidents),
dangerous diseases so treatment funding remains essential.
(encourage people to lead a heathy lifestyle ● Ensuring access to treatment for
(averse sedentary lifestyle, the consumption of those already ill promotes social
fast food// encourage them to do exercise on equality.
daily basis, adopt a balanced diet) ● While prevention is valuable, treatment
=post/promote on the social media/news/tv provides immediate life-saving interventions,
programs which cannot be delayed.
=organize competition where sports avid can
show their potential, incentive surrounding
people to participate->raise fund
=in favor of advertisement relating to
● Investing in preventive measures can be
more cost-effective in the long run.
● Promoting a healthy lifestyle
contributes to an overall improvement
in the population's quality of life.
● Preventive healthcare also helps cut
down on the risks of developing serious
health problems

4. Question: The government is spending a lot of money to discover life on other planets. Some people
think that the government is wasting money and should spend more money addressing the problems of
the public. To what extent do you agree?

other planets Public

-at the moment, environment degradation is a Illusory, impractical
 pressing issue on earth (depleted natural ->waste too much money without deserved
resources, endangered wildlife animals, results
rivers/air/soil: catastrophically polluted)->cannot
-healthcare problems: pouring into medical
salvage breakthrough which could secure the public
->necessitate the government to lean towards health, prolong life expectancy
seeking the life on other planets (mars) where -education: create educated workforce-come up
environment is cleaned, haven’t yet exploited with creative/informed decisions->navigate the
● Space research drives technological global citizens through environmental challenges
innovation, leading to new inventions -poverty: provide job
that benefit society, such as GPS, opportunities/accommodation/basic necessities-
medical imaging, and improved materials. >encourage them to turn over new leafbridge
● Discovering new planets and resources the gap income between the rich and the
could provide solutions to future problems, such poor=>prevent social inequality
as overpopulation and resource depletion on -environment: promote renewable energy, enact
Earth. regulation on treating waste/exhaust fumes,
● A strong space program enhances a nation’s encourage the organizations of afforestation,
global reputation and creates high-skilled jobs inpreserving the wildlife animals which is at risk-
science, engineering, and technology sectors. >save our planet as soon as possible
● Many pressing problems, such as
poverty, healthcare, and education,
require urgent funding. Allocating
resources to these areas would
improve people’s daily lives.
● Governments have a duty to prioritize the well-
being of their citizens before investing in projects
with uncertain benefits.
● Issues like climate change, pollution, and
economic instability have a direct impact on
society and should take precedence over space
research.
6. Question: Education of young people is highly prioritized in many countries. However, educating
adults who cannot write or read is even more important and governments should spend more
money on this. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

young people adults who cannot write or read

● Young people tend to learn more ● Educating adults who are illiterate
quickly and effectively, so investing can lead to a more productive
in their education might yield better workforce, reducing unemployment.
results. ● Adult education can help lift families
● Governments have limited budgets, out of poverty, as literate parents are
and prioritizing adult education might more likely to support their
mean fewer resources for the children's education, creating a
foundational education of the younger positive cycle.
generation.
TOPIC 3: SOCIAL ISSUES
1. Question: Some people think that young people should go to university to further their education,
while others think they should be encouraged to work as car mechanics or builders etc. to serve society.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Car mechanics/builders university

-automobile ownerships are increasing -in the light of technology accelerating at a rapid
exponentially (private need)->demand of pace, ai, automation and robotics are adopted
repairing cars: grow->necessitate a huge demand widespread, superseding people in these
of car mechanics to cater to car consumers mundane and repetitive jobs->require people to
-demand of constructing skyscrapers/ buildings: lean towards other jobs relating to creativity.
rise->create a pool of job opportunities for Logical thinking, emotion rather than manual
youngster jobsuniversity: where these needs are met
(students can be equipped with specialized
knowledges which they could adopt in their
future career, hone useful transferable skills
(leadership, communication, teamwork), chance
to meet and talk with seasoned professionals in
the field->gain more useful experience-
>empower them to pursue different types of jobs
(need qualifications: teachers, doctors, lawyers)
-have a degree also secure more high-paid job for
school leavers (rather than spending time on
constructing site and be dirty with raw material-
>workplace: armed with air conditioners, indoor
without exposing to harmful factors (UV, polluted
air), handsome salary, social peck
->improve standard of life->increase the levels of
happiness

2. Question: Today there is a great increase in antisocial behaviour and lack of respect to others. What
are the causes of this? What measures can be taken to reduce this problem?

why solution
- busy parents: overwhelming with hectic -parents: pay more attention to their children,
schedule of work->don’t have time for educating spending time knowing exploring what their kids
and confiding with their offsprings->let them play watch and subscribe to
with smartphones-main culprit of this Deep talk to notice the potential clues of these
phenomenon without supervising or censoring activities->immediately intervene->prevent, treat
the content that they consume -governments: enact regulations which require yt,
-the ubiquity of digital devices-superpower of fb, social platforms to censor carefully,
imparting unhealthy contents for young people meticulously the content which is suitable for
who don’t have much experience and often adopt consumers, especially for children who are
what they watch, see into practice impressionable to consume sensitive contents
Illegal contents can be easily accessed nowadays Promote healthy contents for both kids and
due to technological advancements, loose adults on tv programs, social media
censorship of social medias and parents’ -individuals/children: raise awareness, alert to
negligence ->primary reason of the growing every content they will adopt, in favor of
 popularity of antisocial behavior subscribing to credible sources of national and
->raise concern for individuals and society international news in lieu of following incredible,
yellow journalism->avoid misinformation,
consuming unhealthy contents

3. Question: Many people say the gap between rich and poor people is wider, as rich people become
richer and poor people grow poorer. What problems could this situation cause and what measures can
be done to address those problems?

ramifications solutions
-social inequality->create the sense of malcontent -governments:
in the poor->engender a host of protests where -levy heavy tax for the rich (US democratic party:
numerous people lose of faith and choose attack advocate to this job->secure social equality-
on government >create a sense of confidence in citizens
-the poor, low-skilled workers don’t have -social service for the poor: provide the poor with
motivation to try their best to turn over a new basic necessities, accommodation with cheap
leaf as they believe that even if they put all their price
effort in working, they cannot make any change in -create ample job opportunities for all people-
their socioeconomical levels, improve standard of >allow them to contribute proactively to the
their own life->(majority) lay foundation to overall development of a country
standstill in economic growth->recession,
downturn

4. Question: Some people believe that in order to reduce crimes, prisoners should be given longer prison
sentences while some people think there are other alternative ways. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.

longer prison alternative ways

sentences/imprisonment/incarceration
-sending them to prison: restrict their freedom to --->obsolete practice: waste much money from
do whatever they want, secure the safety for the government’s coffer for accommodation, foods,
public->more time to ponder about their false beverages, electronics
conduct-> provoke a sense of regret and -provide educational & vocational training
repentance ->pique their conscience->not programs/ rehabilitation programs with offenders
commit crime again, reoffend who commit misdemeanor (where they can learn
-act as a deterrent to crime: make an example of job relevant skills->secure decent job after
the criminals->discourage others from violating releasing from the prison->reintegrate to the
the law public, turn over a new leaf, lead productive
lives.)
- with individuals who engage in felony/ heinous
crime/sexual assaults: receive capital
punishment/life imprisonment

5. Question: Littering is an increasing problem in many countries. What is the reason for this? What
measures can be taken to tackle it?
 reason measures
-consumerism: the ubiquity of online shopping -make informed decisions when shopping,
applications, algorithms which could be tailored consider the benefits of a product before
to satisfy the customers’ needs based on their choosing to buy it->prevent from waste too much
search and videos’ content->facilitate people to money on worthless, redundant things
make impulsive decision when shopping->lead to ->not only save a huge amount of nest egg (safety
phenomenon of buy unnecessary items ->choose net), but also lessen the burden on landfill,
to discard them->put landfills in pressure companies treating rubbish
-poor awareness of inhabitants: the convenience, -raise awareness about the environmental effects
comfortability take precedence over far-reaching of their daily things->make concerted efforts to
effects of their instant actions on the save our planet (lead sustainable lifestyle: recycle,
environment, ecosystem reuse rather than dispose of them, participate in
community initiatives which can reduce this
phenomenon)
TOPIC 4: WORK

1. Question: Some people think that men and women have different qualities. Therefore, some certain
jobs are suitable for men and some jobs are suitable for women. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

Agree Dis
-there are some specific jobs necessitating Physical and mental capabilities
physical strength and stamina which are the vary widely among individuals
superiorities of men->when these professions -gender equality: men and women have the same
(male-dominated industries include construction ability, strength and qualities regardless of gender
and building, vehicle technicians or mechanics, ->both of them can complete all sorts of jobs
or carpenters, builders, car mechanics or miners) efficiently without any barriers relating physical
are completed by men, they could be finished or mental strength
effectively and productively
->generate higher revenue and prosperity for This could be illustrated by the growing
corporations popularity of football players who are women
-similarly, there exist also special jobs associated which historically associated with men->create
with women which require the patience, historic records, build up the national pride for
ingenuity and emotional intelligence-the virtue of citizens when watching and following them
girls like counselling, weaving or knitting Female- playing
dominated jobs include preschool and Many men have been working in beauty services
kindergarten teachers, nursing, or secretarial or knitting, they are Breaking the prejudice and
positions proving themselves to be suitable with this job
stereotypically assigned/jobs historically occupied by men

advanced positions where men are stereotypically believed to have an advantage

male-associated profession

gender bias in employment. Unconscious endorsement of gender stereotypes can undermine academic
medicine's commitment to gender equity.
2. Question: The world of work is rapidly changing and employees cannot depend on having the same
job or the same working conditions for life. Why is it the case? Can you suggest some ways to prepare
people to work in the future?

Why ways
-cut-throat job market where the talented -hone diverse transferable skills, enrich hands-on
employees are on the rise, forcing companies and experience which can be adopted in all
employers to detox lethargic/lazy or unproductive professions by proactively participating in
individuals to supersede with other promising extracurricular activities, working part-time job
and hard-working ones, necessitating candidates when being a student or getting a gap year
to adapt to this competitive environment -make yourself become flexible and avoid falling
-varied career path: provide pp with various in passive state=actively guideline your own
experience, acquire/develop skills->interesting career path with specific goals and plans for
and challenging particular period, always being receptive and
Open social circle open-minded to learn new knowledges and social
Hone the adaptability, flexibility->well-rounded skills from others->cultivate yourself become a
individuals holistic individual
seek better career advancement opportunities: ● adapt to change and develop
(Get deserved promotion rather than feeling resilience in the face of challenges.
unrewarded compared to their contribution to ● build strong professional networks and
the companies or get more handsome relationships.
salary/peck) ● They should be proficient in using
technology and digital tools.

3. Question: In most successful companies, some people think that communication between employers
and workers is the most important factor, other people say that other factors are more important.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Communications Other factors

● fosters collaboration and teamwork. ● The quality and innovation of a company's
● boost employee engagement. products or services
-Understand the inmost feelings of employees-> ● Hiring and retaining the right talent
provide suitable and timely peck for workers ● Strategic planning is a vital element
which could act as an incentive for them to try -talented executives who could provide excellent
their best and proactively contribute to the operating plans which could navigate the
overall development of company, laying companies through difficulties and reach success
foundation to the prosperity of this corporation Therefore, a host of companies constructed with
-solve the domestic problems in the companies the intention to attract adept and proficient
effectively (for ex: when there exists a conflict individuals acting as a precursor to the progress
between 2 employees if the boss knows this of company
happening, he can address this row efficiently by -work conditions like workplace equipped with air
his power and avoid unwanted further awkward conditioning, modern facilities including
situations->boost productivity, foster harmonious projectors, printers->offer the best experience for
relationships between colleagues) employees when dedicating themselves to
-propose suitable management system corporation

If managers are doing their jobs and are in touch job satisfaction, work-life balance: healthy
 with their staff through regular communication, workers can work efficiently ripen results
problem-solving feedback, and recognition, they
CAN reduce turnover rates.

4. Question: More and more people are now moving away from an agricultural background to cities for
work. What will be the consequences of this? What solution can you offer?

consequences solution
-Rural areas are abandoned, wasting a huge - government:
amount of natural resources and infrastructure +well-planned urbanization strategies
(depopulation) +create incentives encouraging citizens to come
-Overburden on urban infrastructure & service back to countryside (peck)
and city planners (healthcare system, educational +Promote the benefits of living in the countryside
institutions, accommodation)-> put the on social media, tv programs (their health: fresh
government coffer/budget under pressure air, hospitable and down-to-earth surrounding
=>precursor to the upsurge in the cost of housing people, low crime rate, less surveillance->protect
and basic necessities in metropolitan->strain the people’ privacy)
meager income of workers, put their livelihood in +Construct the companies in rural area creating
danger job opportunities, alluring people to migrate to
-unemployment (competitive marketplace->drive countryside
low-skilled individuals on the brink of poverty,
famine)
in slums, exacerbating economic disparities and
unsanitary conditions
5. Question: Many people find it hard to balance their work with other parts of their lives. What are the
reasons for this? How can this problem be overcome?

reasons overcome
Fast-paced of life: people often overwhelmed Allow themselves to relax, wind down after a long
with hectic schedule of work and study - period of work, spend quality time to ponder
>upcoming deadline of work/family gatherings, about their own purpose of life, then navigate
hustle and bustle of the big cities catch people up themselves
to the treadmill without reaching any goal and
feel a sense of achievement Meticulously list and plan what they need to
Overutilization is when employees are assigned finish, create the priority based on their deadline
more work than their capacity allows and and necessity->follow these plans without any
typically occurs due to poor project planning. procrastination
Whether a project manager underestimates the
time needed to complete each task or an urgent Actively reduce the work pressure and spend
client request is granted at the last minute, the quality time on pursuing their own interest and
end result is an employee working overtime to family members/ friends ->recharge batteries, get
meet deadlines. more motivation to work better and more
Desire of acquiring more material possession, productively
which show off their status, wealth->build self-
esteem Establish transparent boundaries
Lack of autonomy and control at work
: poor time management skills: they cannot Offering flexible working arrangements will allow
manage their own targets and plans your team to manage their work around their
 not spend time ahead every week, month to personal lives, helping them reduce their stress
carefully list what and how they need to levels and increase their job satisfaction.
complete, serving as the main culprit behind the
growing popularity of individuals who cannot Government: laws avoid working additional
achieve work-life balance and feel a sense of overtime->stress
purpose in their life
Uneven equilibrium

professional and personal life

work-life imbalance

TOPIC 5: EDUCATION

1. Question: Some people think that children should begin their education at a very early age. Some
think they should begin at least 7 years old. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

early age at least 7 years old

-access earlier with education->have more time  begin their academic journey when they
to hone their skills, knowledge->adopt them it all are developmentally more prepared.
aspects of life  reduce stress and anxiety for both
-shed light on the individuals who are endowed children and
with special talents->timely guideline the career  their families.
path, academic goal->achieve, accomplish with  enjoy a more extended period of
high flying color childhood: careless, curious to explore
what they want rather than being forced
● stimulate a child's cognitive development. to absorb difficult knowledge
● opportunities for children to develop soft skills. -have enough consciousness and concentration:
● more prepared for formal schooling. when children are too little, they cannot focus
fully on absorbing knowledge, easily be distracted
by surrounding distractions like notifications,
noise,…
-self-discipline, responsibility with their own
study: after acquiring useful social skills in
kindergarten, children are equipped with
necessary qualities like .. which could empower
them to acquire knowledge effectively
● Delaying formal education/Starting formal education at a later age

2. Question: Some people think that sending criminals to prison is not effective. Education and job
training should be used instead. Do you agree or disagree?

sending criminals to prison Education and job training

-deter dangerous criminals from posing threat to -provide the rehabilitation programs where they
the public (isolate them in a specific place with will be armed with useful job relevant skills which
strict security system) could secure a decent job after being discharged
-however, it could waste a huge amount of from the prison
governmental budget (cover operating expenses: -offer the education campaigns where illiterate
mean, accommodation, electricity or salary for law breakers can learn how to write, read, have
prison staff)->strain the authorities’ coffer numeracy skills ->which is basic knowledge laying
 without contributing any positive value to the foundation for them to pursue high
development of the society education/not being frauded as the poverty and
-correctional facilities can also house numerous illiteracy act as the primary cause behind the rise
offenders who can contact and connect with each in the number of criminals in this day and age
other to open a more serious crime (smuggling,
assault)

3. Question: Some people think movies should only be for entertainment. Others think that they should
also have educational values. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

entertainment educational values

-after being overwhelmed with hectic schedule of -when entertaining, people are likely to acquire
work and study, people often serve movies as a knowledge effectively
mental interest which could help them let off
steam and wind down and get more energy, -viewers can imbibe the moral lessons from films
motivation to kick off new day like empathy, family bonds or friendship
->with some fastidious viewers, when they are efficiently, which they could put into practice and
enjoying the relaxation, they don’t want to make the society happier and warmer
absorb any new knowledge which could strain -feel a sense of purpose, achievement in their
and discourage them own life
-when watching a movie, people can also learn
interesting skills and enrich experience
For example, while watching romantic doctor,
viewers might acquire the specialized language in
medication, know how the physicians practice
surgery, care for patients->inspire youngster to
pursue their dream of becoming a doctor and
curing diseases for the public

4. Question: Some people say that art subjects such as painting or drawing should not be made
compulsory for high school students. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Compulsory/mandatory optional
-explore the potential ability -time-consuming with some individuals who
don’t have talents in this field, instead they want
-learn useful transferable skills to allocate the valuable schooling time for other
important subjects like maths, literature or
-relax after nerve-wracking lessons at class chemistry, which they believed could their
employability rather than unnecessary lessons of
arts

5. Question: While some parents think homework puts too much pressure on children, others believe it
is essential for a child’s educational development. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
TOPIC 6: LEISURE

1. Question: These days, a great number of children prefer spending time on computer games rather
than on sports. Why is it? Is it a positive or negative development?

Reasons negative
● enable: promote social interactions in a virtual ● Excessive gaming: contribute to serious health
environment. issues.
● Computer games can be accessed conveniently ● addicted to gaming, affecting negatively their
at their comfort of home with the click of the academic achievements->fall behind at school
mouse ● potential risks related to online safety: phish,
● serve as a form of relaxation for children. cybercrime: bullying, hackers, scammers, Identity
Theft->threatening their privacy, self-esteem
2. Question: Pop stars earn much more than classical music performers. Some people think this is fully
justified while others think it is unfair. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

pop stars classical music performers

● generally expected to act as role models for the ● widely regarded as a highly challenging genre
youth. to master.
● generate substantial revenue to the economy. ● considered a cultural heritage that requires
preservation and support.
● seen as a reflection of societal inequalities and
skewed priorities within the music industry.
3. Question: Films were produced by big companies in the past, but today people are able to make a
film. Is this a negative or positive development?

positive negative
-utilize and develop ordinary people’ creativity, -the quality/ content of films cannot be
artistry->create chances for them to pursue guaranteed (which could deprecate the image of
filmmaking country in the world) stem from the lack of
Career, be free and independent to voice their funding for experienced directors, professional
viewpoint, produce their favorite genres of crew, high-qiuality equipment
movies->which could easily become viral due to Indie
the harmony of thought and ideology Vd: phim porn, sex: not only k bring about any
- tackle unique and diverse subject matter that positive values for society but also could pose
mainstream studios may consider too risky or dangerous threat for impressionable subjects like
unprofitable, enriching the cinematic landscape children or teenagers.
with fresh narratives and voices->offer more -big corporation can ensure the supreme and
choices for viewers high-quality of content and values which they
- serve as a breeding ground for emerging talent could offer for viewers, lessening the burden on
censor system and avoid wasting investment
which could be directed into other meaning
purposes.
4. Question: Some people think sports games are important for society, while others believe they should
be taken as leisure activities. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

important for society leisure activities

-hone useful social skills (leadership, -relax after overwhelming with hectic schedule of
communication->adopt in all aspects of life- work->let off steam, wind down
 >success ->motivation, energy->kick off new day
-camaraderie, a sense of belonging->enthusiast -offer escape from daily pressure
fan->foster meaningful relationship
-improve physical & mental well-being (stay in fit
when play sports which necessitates players to
move around the pitch, ..), which is essential for a
healthy society
-boost local economies through
[Link]

5. Question: Many young people do not spend their holidays and weekends doing outdoor activities like
hiking and climbing in natural environments. Why? How can they be encouraged to go out?

TOPIC 7: HEALTH

Question 1: To ensure children’s health, schools should provide free nutritious meals. To what extent do
you agree?

● prevent childhood obesity and related health ● financial burden on governments or schools.
issues ● Risk of reducing parents' responsibility in
● equal access to healthy food regardless of providing meals for their children.
socioeconomic background->ensure the social ● Difficulty maintaining quality across all schools
equality mishandled finances, unnecessary costs, and
● Well-fed students can concentrate better in inefficiency
class.
1. Question: Obesity is a growing problem around the world. Why is this? What can be done about it?

why solution
-the growing popularity /availability of the -the government: campaigns which encourage
consumption of fast food/ processed foods & citizens to do exercise and incorporate this habit
sugary drinks-high in calories and low in nutrients into their daily routine, becoming a health-
(due to the fast-paced life->people choose to eat conscious individual, levy a steeper tax on fast
the fast food which can free up their preparing food chains/companies producing junk food and
meal’s time) which contain a huge amount of bad restrict their advertisement, construct more
fast, oil and preservatives/sugar & salt ->pose a parks, gyms, pools and invest in improving the
threat to human well-being (food hygiene cannot health infrastructure
be guaranteed as they are treated and prepared) -spend more time to choose and prepare home-
-the advent of technological advancements: cooked meal which could ensure the quality of
automation, robotics, electronic devices which food and nutrition absorbed by our body
are tempted for people to draw their attention to, -raise awareness about the detrimental impacts
sit at a fixed position before the computer games, of obesity (culprit behind the further serious
desk job for a long time ->lead sedentary lifestyle health disease like diabetes, cardiovascular
with minimal physical activity, acting as precursor problems-heart disease, stroke, and high blood
of obesity and overweight pressure, put pressure on the joints, leading to
arthritis and joint pain, depression and other
mental health issues due to the social stigma
associated with the condition.)->adopt a healthy
 lifestyle, be responsible for their own well-being
(do exercise regularly, motivate surrounding
people to do the same, limit the consumption of
fast food, prefer a balanced diet)->increase the
life expectancy, lead a happy life

2. Question: The number of people who are at risk of serious health problems due to being overweight is
increasing. What is the reason for the growth of overweight people in society? How can this problem be
solved?

3. Question: Some people think that public health in a country can be improved by the government
making laws regarding nutritious food. Others, however, think that health is a matter of personal choice
and responsibility. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

4. Question: Healthcare should not be provided for free regardless of a person’s income. The health of a
person is in their own hands and they should, therefore, be held accountable for that. Do you agree with
this opinion?

agree dis
-take responsibility with their own health (if the -heath play an important role in the national
governmental budget: cover all health expenses prosperity (once citizens are healthy and happy,
for citizens: overburden/strain on the coffer they can engage proactively in manufacturing and
which cannot be directed into other imperative servicing, contributing positively to the overall
problems like poverty, education or social service) development of the country)
->ease burden -have authority to launch and implement large-
(lead to the overreliance/ overutilization on scale initiatives/public health measures
authority -have resources which could be allotted to
(pay the hospital fees for curing diseases for improving the healthcare system (infrastructure,
patients: but patients are the center of this service, quality)
problem, if they don’t care about their health,
continue to undermine it with the overuse of
tobacco drug or wine, eat too much fast food-
>their health cannot be improved not least
worsen and put their life in jeopardy, continuing
to cost massive fees on preventing disease)
-actively adopt healthy lifestyle which serve as
preventative measures- lead to fewer cost
incurred to cure disease in the long run

5. Question: The increase in food production owes much to fertilizers and better machinery. Some
people think that it has a negative impact on human health and community. To what extent do you agree
or disagree?
 negative
-contain a lot of preservatives which could trigger
unknown side effects->do inhabitants’ well-being
in disservice.

Question 5: Despite huge improvements in healthcare, the overall standard of physical health in many
developed countries is now falling. What could be the reason for this trend, and what can be done to
reverse it?

reason done
● Modern lifestyles: involve sedentary behaviors. ● Creating environments - facilitate regular
● Changes in dietary habits, characterized by an physical activity.
increased consumption of unhealthy food. ● Promote work-life balance.
● High levels of stress and mental health ● Enforce environmental regulations
challenges ● Implement comprehensive health education
● Environmental factors programs in
schools, workplaces, and communities.

TOPIC 8: ART and CULTURE

1. Question: Some people say cultural traditions are destroyed when they are used as money-making
attractions aimed at tourists. Others say this is the only way to save such traditions. Discuss both views
and give your opinion.

Destroyed: erosion, fading save

-exploit: transformed radically to make it -cultural values can be easily fell into oblivion as
attractive impressive to tourist who aspire to nobody want to come back to the past, they only
explore alien and unique culture->change the focus on the present and future: themselves,
nature of the traditional values, history of a family members and friends in lieu of mental
particular area, aiming to generate a huge values of the ancestor
amount of revenue from these tourist attractions -utilize local history to develop tourism: create
->make other people have the false notions about invaluable opportunities for the docents, tour
a culture, distorting their mounting knowledge in guides and young generation to get interested in
the future->affect negatively to the further exploring the past->history gain more attraction-
generation to discover and get the hang of the >pass down to generations the meaningful values
past->ripple effect of the forefather
● commercialized, altering their original meaning ● generates revenue-fund the preservation and
and purpose. promotion of cultural practices.
● prioritizing profits over preserving the essence ● Exposure to tourists fosters global appreciation
of traditions. and respect for diverse cultures.
● Over-tourism can disrupt the lives of locals and
erode the sacredness of certain practices.
2. Question: Creative artists should be given freedom to express their ideas through words, pictures,
music or films. Some people nevertheless think that the government should restrict artists’ freedom of
expression. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

freedom Restrict on artistic expression

-they have the freedom of speech based on the -deter the dissemination of false ideologies
constitution, being eligible to express their -avoid the social discord and unrest
opinions by all means of media->legitimate rights -some people exploit and abuse this right to
and no one can infringe upon them declare the false stories about a problem with the
-they can have the right to voice their viewpoint aim of self-interest->misinformation and trigger
about the societal problems which could be the bewilderment among the public->leading to
harmonious with other people->on behalf of the further negative development
public to raise pressing issues->wake-up call to -they have the monumental impacts on the mass
the mass, authorities to pay attention to the (their statements, creations and products can be
latent/underlying problems->call upon everyone increasingly popular->affect significantly to the
to raise awareness, work in tandem with one public awareness)
another to solve They should be careful and meticulous in all their
Push boundaries, challenge norms, and declaration, inventions and point of view
contribute to the evolution of art and The government should only play the censorship
culture. role: control and manage all their products and
assertion->ensure the public get the positive
values from artists rather than negative ones
3. Question: In today’s world of advanced science and technology, many still greatly value artists such as
musicians, painters and writers. What can the arts tell us about life that science cannot?

arts tell us about life that science cannot

-underlying meanings behind a picture, work of ● allows for the expression of complex human
art that robots and automation cannot replace emotions and experiences.
(the artists put all their heart and soul in ● Art reflects the cultural, historical, and societal
incorporating the meaningful values, their contexts in which it is created.
emotions to compose unique creations->require ● Art stimulates imagination and creativity.
the mass to ponder and seek the meanings by ● Art has the power to evoke empathy and
themselves) establish a deep human connection.
-musicians, painters and writers have the ● Art can have therapeutic effects on individuals.
creativity- which is the exceptional ability that
only human possess: utilize it to devise artwork
while robotics don’t havehuman stay supreme
in producing the piece of arts rather than the
science and technology could be responsible

4. Question: Many people believe that film is a less important art than other forms such as literature and
painting. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

film literature and painting

-visually appealing->offer the interesting -contain underlying meanings behind a picture,
experience for people to enjoy the aesthetic by works of art (the artists put all their heart and
their eyes (cinematography: breathtaking soul in incorporating the meaningful values, their
 landscapes, stunning scenery, candid emotions of emotions to compose unique creations->require
real-world people) ->a sense of pleasure, the mass to ponder and seek the meanings by
satisfaction and contentment themselves: utilize their creativity to acquire
-enjoy the ready-made contents without different lessons)
spending time on pondering on the details - -use their own imagination to devise the whole
>absorb useful life skills story based on the plots->conducive to the
(ex: titanic: easily acquire the lesson about the development of their mental well-being->become
love that we should enthusiastically live for the an emotional and sympathetic person in the
moment, overcome all the barriers to achieve the future, being loved and respected by lots of
love and live with beloved one rather than being people.
regretful due to missing the destiny in our life) -long-standing records of cultural history of
- powerful medium that combines artistic societies through centuries while films
elements to convey narratives. represent a more recent form of artistic
- potential expression in the modern era.
to reach a broad and - heavily commercialized, with a focus on profit
diverse audience due to rather than artistic merit.
their accessibility. ● Other types such as literature and painting are
long-standing records of cultural history of
societies through centuries while films
represent a more recent form of artistic
expression in the modern era

5. Question: Some think that quality art can be made by anyone while others think that it requires
special talent and ability. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

anyone talent and ability

-freedom to voice their viewpoint, utilize their -individuals who don’t the suitable talent->create
creativity and inspiration to compose works of art the low-quality composition which can waste a
by themselves-> ample opportunities to the huge amount of money without achieving any
public to develop their mental well-being and thing
imagination (VD)
->motivate them to apply themselves practicing -
and honing their skills day by day->self
improvement
-easy to shed light on the individuals who are
endowed with aptitude in composing artwork -
>set their suitable guideline and career path
timely->provide them the most high-quality
conditions to develop their potential ability
instead of letting them do their unlike job and
engender unproductive outcomes)
-provide more choices and options for the mass
to select
Question 5: Most artists earn low salaries and should therefore receive funding from the government in
order for them to continue with their work. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

favor against
 ● Financial support enables artists to continue to ● Limited government resources
produce works that reflect cultural values and should be allocated to more
traditions. pressing issues.
● Government funding contributes to ● It can create dependency
preserving and promoting art forms for within the artistic community.
future generations.
● Government funding helps stimulate the
economic benefit from the arts sector.
offering a distinctive blend of economic,
educational, health and civic benefits while also
preserving cherished cultural traditions
TOPIC 9: ECONOMICS

1. Question: Some people say that the increasing business and cultural contact between countries is
positive development, while others think that many countries will lose their national identities as a
result. Discuss both views and give your opinion

pros cons
-globalization: boost the integration, economic -the growing popularity of the same products,
growth: permit corporations around the world to clothes, practice are adopted around the world
access to the global reach, work with customers due to the ubiquity of trend on the social media
and companies from different countries without and the phenomenon of globalization
geographical barriers->expand their scope of ->pose a threat to the indigenous culture in
operating to the foreign market->generate jeopardy (dominant foreign culture overshadow
revenue local traditions, customs, languages->loss of
-create ample opportunities for people especially cultural diversity, erosion of culture identity
those in developing countries to get access to the For example, some less common cultures are
better service and products, more job likely to be eroded due to the idea of pursuing
opportunities->enhance their standard living the global trend like speaking English in lieu of
-wide variety of products and services available to their mother tongue, use the western clothes like
customers at competitive price jeans, t-shirt eschew traditional customs such as
-encourage people to explore and discover kimono or ao dai->culture homogeneity ->make
various cultures in the world-> deter the sense of people in the world the same without any
long-lasting hatred and hostility which could stem different culture identity
from the curriculum of imparting historic -big corporations are to blame for exploiting the
knowledge at school->sense of appreciation the low-priced workers in developing countries-
diversity of tradition, patriotism->promote global >profiteer off->gain astronomical revenue: human
harmony and cooperation rights concerns

2. Question: An increasing number of people are buying what they need online. What are the
advantages and disadvantages for both individuals and companies to shop online?

ad dis
-boost the production level and revenue for the -make the market become more competitive and
corporations: get access to the customers with cut-throat->force the physical shops to come to
the global reach/worldwide & less operating closure due to the ubiquity of shopping
cost->prosperity and develop applications->make them unemployed->put the
 -citizens can go shopping at the comfort of their livelihood of many people in jeopardy
home without costing money to transportation -stimulate the sedentary lifestyle as inhabitants
fees, save time and effort, access with products can meet all their need with only a smartphone
globally->satisfy all their demand at the click of connected with the internet->discourage them
the mouse promptly->enhance the quality of life from participating in movements on daily basis-
-Shop Anytime from Anywhere >precursor to the obesity and overweight
ability to shop 24/7, online retail allows you to -high risk of becoming victims of online fraud,
make purchases from the comfort of your home take a toll on their privacy: information about
or on the go their address, workplace, bank account and
-Avoid Crowds-anxiety-inducing and time- sensitive pictures are thieved
consuming, COVID-19 pandemic: avoid long lines -inability to physically inspect products before
at checkout, save money on gas purchase lead to dissatisfaction or returns if the
-Compare Prices Easily product doesn’t match your expectations: a
-Take Advantage of Resales and Discounts frustrating experience.
-delay between purchasing and receiving an item

3. Question: The expansion of multinational companies and increase in globalization produce positive
effects for everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

4. Question: Some people believe that the higher a product is priced, the more likely it is that people will
want to buy it. To what extent does price influence potential buyers? What other factors influence
people to buy a product?

price other factors

● associate higher prices with higher quality -the quality of products (if goods are high-quality,
(premium price can suggest that a product is offer the scrumptious flavor and pleasure for
superior to its competitors, influencing a buyer's customers->they will not be reluctant to pay
decision) extravagant price for them, regardless of price)
-manipulate the mentality of customers (as they -The origin of products (if the commodity have
believe if they can purchase the prohibitively clear origin, undertake rigorous quality
expensive products-show off their wealth, lavish supervising process ->lean towards using the
lifestyle->prove their high status in the society- service and merchandise like that
>make them more prestigious and respected by
others)->role model (a sense of exclusivity or come from the local community ->people will be
luxury->appeal to consumers looking to buy in favor of purchasing these products->to support
status symbols or luxury items.) the development of their locality and gain more
(famous people often choose to purchase high- sense of origin)
end products and exorbitant service when -the attitude of staff (offer the comfortability,
travelling or working->showcase their success and pleasure and respect, sense of home)
gain more popularity which is conducive for them ● Positive reviews and recommendations
to get more contrasts from investors and brands) ● The ease of acquiring a product, including its
-however, with inhabitants in the developing availability or the convenience of the purchasing
countries who are often price-conscious, cheap process
and affordable products are likely to be gravitated
towards in lieu of the high-priced ones (the
majority of global citizens come from the poor
and developing nations->friendly-budget
 products tend to gain more popularity and be
preferred)
5. Question: Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and as a result, people
gravitate towards buying their products. What problems does this cause? What could be done to
encourage people to buy local products? (Product marketing)

problems solutions
-trigger distrust in customers: they don’t get the -governments:
desirable products like the advertisements ● subsidize small-medium-enterprises through
promoting->create skepticism of online shopping fair trade reforms.
and doubt everything +organize the campaigns, fairs, exhibitions
-put the livelihood of small companies and family- showcasing these products which embrace and
run corporations or start-ups in jeopardy (people promote the consumption of locally produced
always purchase the products from reputed goods: illustrate the unique benefits of
companies->lead to the waste of resources of supporting local vendors->raise awareness-
small ones: drain profits of them: they cannot >reduce the price->stimulate people especially
compete with due to the limited budget->cannot those who are price-conscious
improve the situation->force to close and stop +Impose a steeper tax on products from large
operation)-> hypercompetitive market corporations->limit the circulation of these goods
● entice consumers to buy unnecessary items. (ex)

TOPIC 10: ENVIRONMENT

1. Question: With increasing populations and ever growing urban centers, many countries are losing
their natural beauty spots. What benefits are there to protecting places of natural beauty? How can this
be solved?

benefits solutions
-significant local and national awareness- Government:
>symbol/signature of a city/nation->well-known -impose strict punishments for those destroying
by global citizens around the world -invest in campaigns which could help raise public
-boost the development of tourism ->generate awareness by imparting the importance of these
revenue, create job opportunities->improve their practices, subsidize the local authorities from the
livelihood, turn over the new leaf for inhabitants governmental budget
from developing countries -renovate ->improve its quality while maintain
-maintain the ecosystem->protect the natural the true beauty, remain its original state
habitats of wildlife animals->secure the natural -sustainable tourism: embrace and promote
biodiversity among tourists
-incorporate green space into urban building

2. Question: Some people say that the main environmental problem of our time is the loss of particular
species of plants and animals. Others say that there are more important environmental problems.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

loss of particular species of plants and animals Air, soil, river

The practice of deforestation to make room for The exhaust fumes released from factories and
agriculture put the natural habitats of wildlife the greenhouse emissions from carbon-intensive
 animals in jeopardy, pushing them on the brink of means of transport contribute significantly to the
extinction global warming-intensification and increased
An astronomical number of endangered animals frequency of extreme natural disasters/change in
is a pressing issue on the globe, especially some precipitation/temperature patterns threaten
species which could provide synergistic species/melting ice, expansion of water bodies,
relationship with human in developing tourism, submerge the plains-> and climate change-harms
economy and maintaining the biodiversity both humans and wildlife/ affects all forms of life.
● disrupt entire ecosystems. The abuse of fertilizers, pesticide to develop the
● hold potential-> loss of life-saving treatments. bumper crop->deteriorate the soil environment-
>make it eroded and less fertile: cannot grow
plants for food and economy
The waste disposed out of the place by factories
and local people and the practice of littering of
the tourists: polluted catastrophically the rivers,
lakes and beaches->not develop tourism

3. Question: While some people consider global warming to be the most pressing environmental
problem that we have at the moment, others believe that deforestation has a more devastating impact
on our world. Discuss both and give your opinions.

4. Question: The government should take full responsibility for environmental issues, but others believe
it ought to be the responsibility of individuals. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.

government individuals
-authority to enact regulation on environment -every individual contributes to the overall
conservation development of a country (their small acts
-have the astronomical budget from tax payers: collectively make a difference)
invest in campaigns encouraging the public, ->informed the impact of their small behaviors on
community communities, inventing the environment and ecosystem
environmentally friendly initiatives and Adhere to laws
promoting the adoption of renewable energy Lead a sustainable lifestyle (recycle, reuse,
-power to leverage the public awareness and proactively participate in green communities and
behavioral change on the global and national organizations, consume carbon-free source of
level->effectively encourage inhabitants to energy in lieu of traditional one)
protect the environment Encourage surrounding people to do the same
-international cooperation

5. Question: With deforestation, urban development and illegal hunting, many animal species are
becoming endangered and some are even facing extinction. Do you think it is important to protect
animals? What can be done to deal with this problem?

importance solutions
-wildlife animals have an inextricable relationship -government:
with human Promote, invest the campaigns about
Maintain biodiversity afforestation and preserving natural species -
Contributor/supporter to the economic growth >strictly regulated and supervised->ensure the
(elephants help local people in mountainous outcome
 areas to transport goods, a host of species in the ● Implement and enforce stronger laws and
zoo can assist people in generating a huge regulations against illegal hunting (poaching),
amount of revenue) wildlife trade, and habitat destruction.
Friends of people: accompany, by our side in all ● Establishing and expanding protected areas like
moments of life (dog, cat) national parks and wildlife reserves.
● specific role in its ecosystem, contributing to Create media projects on the social networking
the balance and resilience of ecological sites, tv programs about the importance of these
communities. animals->persuade people in reserving them->
● models in scientific research->medical foster a culture of protection and respect for
breakthroughs animals.
● cultural, spiritual, and economic importance to -individual:
different communities around the world. (Wildlife Lead a sustainable lifestyle (recycle, reuse,
tourism- major source of income for many proactively participate in green communities and
countries.) organizations which provide accommodations,
foods and vaccination avoiding unwanted
diseases, consume carbon-free source of energy
in lieu of traditional one, plant trees)
TOPIC 11: SPORTS

1. Question: Today, TV channels show more men’s sports than women’s sports. Why is this the case?
Should TV channels give equal time to women’s sports and men’s sports?

Why Should
-stereotype/cultural norm: historically sports are -in this day and age, gender equality are
often associated with masculinity->boys, men common: a host of resources and support are in
who are believed to have superior physical favor of female->equal time for both men and
strength and stamina are usually encouraged to women’ sports are the testament/indication to
play sports in lieu of girls who are associated with the qual world->imbibe useful lessons for
elegance and beauty children especially for girls: live to the fullest
-media representation: male athletes tend to gain instead of avoiding pursuing their own interest
more media coverage and fame rather than due to social expectation
female->lead to more advertising revenue for tv ->encourage both sex to take part in sports
channels ->>investment and sponsorship for male (which help them to hone numerous beneficial
athletes are likely to overweigh that of women skills like leadership, communication, teamwork;
strengthen both their physical and mental well-
being

2. Question: Some people think that hosting international sports events is good for the country, while
some people think it is bad. Discuss both views and state your opinion.

good bad
-Organizing global events can attract people = While the event may provide a temporary
worldwide visiting to this home country, boosting economic boost, this does tend to be short lived.
the revenue for tourism sector such as Once the event is over, the economy may face a
accommodation, tourist attractions, foods sudden downturn, which can have negative
(influx of tourists benefits local businesses such consequences.
as hotels, restaurants and shops, providing a -necessitate the home country to invest an
substantial economic boost.) astronomical amount of budget to construct and
 -Promote the unique beauty of this nation to the improve the stadium and infrastructure->strain
foreign citizens->enhance its reputation->impress the coffer of developing countries, significant
positively ->foster a sense of friendliness in lieu ofdebt for the host nation and reduce the budget
hatred and hostility which could stem from the for other pressing problems like poverty,
deep-rooting awareness from one-side history unemployment and citizens’ health
-create a host of job opportunities for local ->easily lead to the waste and extravagance as
people->enhance their standard living these facilities are prohibitively expensive-
-create a memorable experience for indigenous >cannot reuse in the next time: underutilised or
people to watch in person the international abandoned
sports -labor exploitation: blue-collar workers can be
-prepare: lead to development of infrastructure abused to overwork and work to complete the
project on schedule->meet challenging and
overwhelming demand from investors and
authorities->put their health in jeopardy (qatar:
WC 2024)
3. Question: Some people believe that sport has an important role in society. Others, however, think that
it is nothing more than a leisure activity for some people. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

society leisure

4. Question: Many companies sponsor sports as a way to advertise themselves. Some people think this is
good for the world of sports, while others think there are disadvantages of this. Discuss both sides and
give your opinion.

● vital financial support for sports development. ● The prevalence of advertisements during
● Sponsorship deals lead to more events, sporting events may negatively affect the overall
merchandise sales, and media coverage, which in event experience.
turn create jobs and stimulate the ● Sponsorship can lead to the loss of
economy. sports integrity.

5. Question: Some people think that sports involving violence, such as boxing and martial arts, should be
banned from TV as well as from international sporting competitions. To what extent do you agree?

● goes against ethical principles, societal values ● infringement on personal freedoms

● lead young viewers to emulate aggressive ● job losses
behavior, potentially fostering a culture of ● deep cultural and historical roots.
violence and aggression among impressionable
youth.
● The long-term medical care required for
athletes who suffer severe injuries can impose
significant costs on public health systems.
TOPIC 12: DIFFICULT QUESTIONS

1. Question: Scientists believe that by studying the behavior of 3-year-old children, people can predict if
that child can become a criminal in the future. To what extent is crime a product of human nature? Is it
possible to stop children from growing to be a criminal?
There is some evidence to suggest There is a multitude of Some scientists are of the
that genetics and early childhood people who subscribe to the opinion that hereditary
experiences play a role in shaping notion that by observing the characteristics are responsible
behavior of a child whether he or behaviours of young children, for the person’s temperament
she will become a criminal. In this we can predict their and hence future career. I
essay, I will argue that while human likelihood of becoming disagree with this notion. I
nature may play a role in criminal criminals in the future. believe genes do play a role,
behavior, it is not the only factor, However, it is believed that but the primary determinant
and it is possible to prevent children other external factors can is nurture – education and
from growing up to be criminals. also heavily influence bringing up. It is definitely
Firstly, it is important children’s development and possible to mould a child into
to acknowledge that human nature their mannerisms in any direction by proper
is not the only factor that affects adulthood. bringing-up.
criminal behavior, as some Through various researches, If we adopt the mindset that if
individuals may be scientists found that parents are criminals then so
more predisposed to crimes due to delinquents, in fact, share will the children be, we are
genetic or biological factors. For some personal traits in their limiting or even damaging the
example, studies have shown that childhood that can help individual’s basic right to
individuals with a history of mental foretell their criminality. achieve his very best. Children
illness or substance abuse may be Generally, these individuals can rise above the gene pool
more likely to engage in criminal were more aggressive and and rise to great heights. Even
behavior. Secondly, there are social impulsive than their peers if a child is born to criminal
and environmental factors that when they were kids. For parents but brought up away
contribute to crime. One piece of these reasons, it is from that environment and
research has shown that many understandable why some provided quality education, he
criminals are affected by childhood people contend that learning will not be a criminal.
disadvantages, such as poverty about how one behaves as a The debate on nature versus
and inequality. With the lack of child can help foresee their nurture has been raging for
opportunity, they have chance of committing crimes ages, and no clear cut answer
the tendency of engaging in crimes. as an adult. has come forward. A child
While early childhood experiences Nevertheless, compared to prodigy can be born to
can be a predictor of future other extrinsic elements, ordinary parents, and many
behavior, it is possible such as upbringing and intelligent parents can have
to intervene and prevent children schooling, genetic ordinary children. A talented
from becoming criminals. Early characteristics appear to be person can go unnoticed in
intervention programs, such as less influential on children’s the absence of the right
parenting classes, counseling, and behaviours. It is no surprise environment and upbringing,
education programs, can help that children who are raised and an ordinary person can
address underlying issues that may in a healthy and educational reach great heights with
lead to criminal behavior later in life. environment often grow to proper training. So the
Additionally, providing access to be ethical citizens. On the interplay between hereditary
positive role models, healthy contrary, most convicts have and environmental factors
relationships, and supportive some extent of tragedy in must be there.
environments can help prevent their childhoods, such as It has been seen that children
children from engaging in criminal parental divorce and family born to intelligent parents also
behavior. Nowadays, there are breakdown. Without their are intelligent and successful.
programs that match adult parents’ guidance and But it is also possible that such
volunteers with children from sufficient attention, kids lack parents provide an
 disadvantaged backgrounds, the ability to judge right and environment which nurtures
providing them with positive role wrong, a skill that is vital in a the development of their
models and supportive moral society. For that children. When we see some
relationships. The program has been reason, it is necessary that programmes such as ‘India’s
shown to have positive effects on adults need to monitor and Got Talent’ and ‘Little
the academic performance, control youngsters’ Champs’, we notice some
behavior, and self-esteem of behaviours and extremely gifted children who
children who participate. undertake/take/implement are born with talent and also
In conclusion, while human nature any corrective measure when some who have achieved
may play a role in criminal behavior, it is needed. great heights with great
it is not the only factor, and it is In the light of the perseverance and proper
possible to prevent children from aforementioned discussion, coaching.
growing up to be criminals. there is no point arguing To put it in a nutshell, I pen
whether there is a nexus down saying that both nature
between one’s genes and and nurture play a part in
their behavioural patterns. determining the character of a
However, it is strongly person. It can also be
supported that when children concluded that both are
receive good care and ethical inextricably linked with each
education, it is unlikely that other. But nurture weighs over
they will commit any nature, and it is definitely
unlawful activities in the possible to prevent children
future. from growing up to be
criminals.

2. Question: Some feel that schools should be mixed with both girls and boys attending. Others feel the
genders ought to be separated. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

separated Mixed
-learn specific knowledge relating to the gender -stimulate the dynamic environment when both
effectively (lessons about physical and mental genders can socialize, discuss about social and
change in puberty ->teach them how to care academic problems ->understand the different
about their health efficiently without hesitance or viewpoint, improve their communications skills
embarrassment between different sexes)- -indicate the gender equality (both boys and girls
>educators can design more suitable curriculum get access to the same quality of education-
-restrict the phenomenon of early love which >secure their employability in the future)->bridge
could act as an underlying distraction to the equality gap
studying process, making them cannot focus -Mixed-sex schools better reflect the
completely on studying, leading to the bad real world, where people of
academic performance and unpromising future. different genders interact in various
contexts.
-early love could be also serve as a motivation
which inspire students to apply themselves
studying and make progress together->create
lasting/memorable memories in childhood
3. Question: In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship between equality and
personal achievement. Some people believe that individuals can achieve more in egalitarian societies.
Others believe that high levels of personal achievement are possible only if individuals are free to
succeed or fail according to their individual merits. What is your view of the relationship between
equality and personal success?

In my opinion, an The debate In recent decades, there has been

egalitarian society is one surrounding equality and personal s considerable debate about
in which everyone has the uccess often polarizes opinions. whether or not individual
same rights and the same Some argue that achievement is greater in
opportunities. I egalitarian societies foster higher egalitarian or more hierarchical
completely agree that achievement by providing societies. In my opinion, despite
people can achieve more equal opportunities, while others the benefits of egalitarianism as
in this kind of society. believe a political principle, it should not
Education is an important that individual success thrives in be pursued as a social ideal.
factor with regard to meritocratic systems where Those who argue egalitarian
personal success in life. I outcomes depend solely on effort societies are better for
believe that all children and ability. In my view, a balanced achievement point out the
should have access to free approach that combines equality of benefits of opportunity. The most
schooling, and higher opportunity with the recognition well-known examples of this are
education should be either of individual merit is most in socialist nations in Europe like
free or affordable for all conducive to personal success. France where income disparity is
those who chose to Egalitarian societies provide a strong less pronounced than in more
pursue a university foundation capitalist countries. In such
degree. In a society for personal achievement by liberal countries, a person can
without free schooling or addressing systemic barriers that receive a good education, secure
affordable higher can hinder individuals from stable employment, receive
education, only children reaching their full potential. For unemployment benefits in the
and young adults from instance, access to quality case of an economic downturn,
wealthier families would education, healthcare, and social and support the rest of society by
have access to the best support ensures that everyone paying high taxes. Being part of
learning opportunities, starts on a relatively level playing such a community is itself a
and they would therefore field. When basic needs are motivation for individuals to
be better prepared for the met, individuals are better equipped perform well at work and pursue
job market. This kind of to focus on personal growth and life goals. This is especially the
inequality would ensure pursue their ambitions. For case as a person will not have to
the success of some but example, countries like feel anxious about the possibility
harm the prospects of Finland, which emphasize equality in of being left behind by society at
others. education, often large.
I would argue that equal produce individuals who excel in I would contend that when
rights and opportunities various fields. conditions are generally equal
are not in conflict with However, it is equally important to individuals should then be
people’s freedom to acknowledge the role permitted to compete without
succeed or fail. In other of individual merit in considerable governmental
words, equality does not driving success. Merit-based regulation. The standout example
mean that people lose systems encourage hard work, for this situation would be in the
their motivation to innovation, and United States. Although there are
succeed, or that they are competition, which are essential more problems related to income
not allowed to fail. On the for personal and societal progress. inequality, there is also greater
contrary, I believe that When people are rewarded innovation across a variety of
 most people would feel for their efforts and talents, it sectors. One cause of this is that
more motivated to work motivates them to achieve more. individuals are motivated by the
hard and reach their For instance, the entrepreneurial desire to excel and earn the
potential if they thought culture in the United financial rewards that
that they lived in a fair States, which values individual initia accompany success. A person is
society. Those who did not tive, has led to groundbreaking therefore encouraged to attain
make the same effort innovations and their own definition of success or
would know that they had substantial personal accomplishmen they might be forced to live on
wasted their opportunity. ts. the fringes of society.
Inequality, on the other That said, extreme inequality or In conclusion, though there is a
hand, would be more excessive reliance on meritocracy cruel element to competition, it
likely to demotivate can be counterproductive. In highly is the best way to encourage
people because they unequal societies, lack of access to innovation and growth in an
would know that the odds resources can limit opportunities for individual and society as a whole.
of success were stacked in many, regardless of their potential. Naturally, such an approach is
favour of those from Conversely, a purely egalitarian only possible when systemic
privileged backgrounds. approach without recognition problems related to
In conclusion, it seems to of individual effort may lead to discrimination have first been
me that there is a positive complacency and reduced eliminated.
relationship between motivation.
equality and personal In conclusion, the relationship
success. between equality and personal succ
ess is not mutually exclusive. A
society that ensures
equal opportunities while
rewarding individual merit creates
an environment where people can
achieve their best. Striking this
balance not only
fosters personal accomplishment
but also contributes to a more
equitable and progressive society.

Directly proportional relationship Non-proportional Relationship

● As equality is upheld, personal success can be ● Equality is only one of the factors
increased as people are given equal access to determining one’s success as
education, healthcare, economic opportunities, evident by the limited number of
and other resources. successful individuals, despite the
● In societies with a greater degree of majority of the population being
equality, there is often more social mobility. treated equally.

4. Question: Research into new types of medicines and treatments are essential for improving health and
dealing with diseases. Who do you think should fund these researches: private companies, individuals or
governments?

governments private companies

 -secure the quality of products and vaccinations -make the market become more competitive-
(democratize->make treatments become >enhance the quality and superiority of products-
affordable and available for people from all >offer innovations and progresses to the market.
socioeconomic levels)-> ensure equal access to ->bring the most high-quality medicines and
treatments treatments catering to human
-have the authority to converge the most gifted * have the resources and expertise to drive
and elite doctors, scientists and professionals innovation
which will dedicate effectively to the
development of healthcare system -lessen the burden on governmental budget
which could be directed into other pressing
problems like poverty, education and
unemployment
● direct beneficiaries->provide chance for the -cannot secure the quality of products and
poor and disadvantaged to access to the vaccinations as they can focus on commercialize
healthcare and make profits instead of caring for its
dangerous impacts on citizens
5. Question: Eco-tourism usually involves people visiting remote areas. Some people think this will have
a negative impact on local cultures and communities. What problems can result from ecotourism? What
measures can be taken to protect local culture and communities?

problems measures
-local culture can be exploited to commercialize- -local people should understand the core values
>lose its nature and existing values, substance of tourism which is promoting the rich tapestry of
-disrupt the tranquility and serenity of local traditional culture for national and international
people ->they cannot enjoy the quiet ambience tourists in lieu of making it become sophisticated
at their hometown as tourists paid visit and make to generate revenue
these areas become noisy, inflate/drive up the -government: organize campaigns to instruct local
cost of accommodation and basic necessities- people to utilize social media to attract more
>strain the indigenous communities’ budget potential customers receiving their service, how
-contaminate the natural environment to turn their new life by leveraging the customs
(irresponsible tourists litter their products and culture, provide them opportunities to lend
immediately on the beach, pavement and money to do business with low interest rates.
mountains->make them become polluted -raise awareness of visitors by organizing
catastrophically campaigns encouraging people to be conscious
-make these areas become more economically their behaviors’ impact->strict punishment for
vulnerable when facing up with downturn if they individuals who don’t take responsibility for their
rely heavily on tourism behaviors, litter.
Media projects: promote the culture of civilized
and responsible tourism
● Educate tourists about the local culture and
traditions to foster respect and appreciation,
rather than exploitation.
● Implement policies that limit the
number of visitors to sensitive areas, reduce
resource consumption, and manage waste
effectively.
● Implement policy measures to control inflation
and monitoring of prices, especially of essential
goods.