Borehole Geometry

Let us draw the Drill String (collective name for Pipe and Collars) and Hole.

SURFACE 0’

PIPE OD

CASING ID

PIPE ID

CASING SHOE
(blacked in triangle
} 1

is standard symbol)

OPEN HOLE
} 2

COLLAR ID } 3

DRILL COLLARS

OPEN HOLE DIA.

What is the diagram showing?

Section 1: D = 12.515" ; d = 5"

Casing ID Pipe OD

Section 2: D = 12.25" ; d = 5"

Bit Size Pipe OD

Section 3: D = 12.25" ; d = 8"

Collar OD

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The Calculations for Annular Volume

 12.5122  52 
Section 1   x 6000
 1029 
= (156.6252 - 25) x 6000 = .1279 x 6000
1029
= 767.5 bbls

 12.252  52 
Section 2   x 3220
 1029 
= (150.0625 - 25) x 3220
1029
= 125.0625 x 3220 = .1215 x 3220
1029
= 391 bbls

 12.252  82 
Section 3   x 780
 1029 
= (150.0625 - 64) x 780 = .0836 x 780’
1029
= 65.2 bbls

Total Annulus = 767.5 + 391 + 65.2

= 1223.7 bbls (1224 is OK)

Examples

1. 9 5/8" Casing run from Surface to 12,470' (ID = 8.681")

8 1/2" Open Hole drilled to 15,084'

Drill Collars are 6 1/4" with 2.25" ID, 850 ft long
Drill Pipe is 5" OD with 4.276" ID
Calculate:-
a) Annular Volume in barrels
b) String Volume in barrels

Get your diagram drawn

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 Step 6: Start Calculating /// /// Step 1: Draw Casing from
(P.T.O) /// /// Surface to 12470’
/// ///
/// ///
/// ///
/// ///
: Prepare Dimensions
Step 5 /// ///
Casing ID = 8.681” /// ///
Hole Dia. = 8.5”
/// ///
Pipe OD = 5”
Collar OD = 6.25”
xxx xxx
xxx xxx Step 2 : Draw Open Hole
from Shoe to 15084’
xxx xxx
xxx xxx

Step 4 : Check number of o o Step 3 : Draw in Collars

oo oo
Annulus Sections o and calculate depth at
/// = Section 1
o top of Collars
xxx = Section 2 = 15084’ - 850’
ooo = Section 3 = 14234’

Step 6 (Continued....)

D2  d 2
Section 1 x Length
1029
8. 6812  52
= x 12470'
1029
= 73.3598 - 25 x 12470'
1029
= 50.3598 x 12470'
1029
= .0489 x 12470 = 610.3 bbls

bbls/ft

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 8.52  52
Section 2 = x 1764
1029
= 72.25 - 25 x 1764
1029
= 47.25 x 1764
1029
= .0459 x 1764 = 81 bbls

bbls/ft

8.52  6. 252
Section 3 = x 850
1029
= 72.25 - 39.0625 x 850
1029
= 33.1875 x 850
1029
= .0323 x 850 = 27.4 bbls

bbls/ft
ANNULAR TOTAL = 610.3 + 81 + 27.4 = 718.7 bbls

STEP 7 - Drill String Volume

ID2 x Length 4.2762
Pipe :- = x 14,234'
1029 1029
= .0178 x 14234 = 253.4 bbls

bbls/ft
ID2 2.252
Collars :-  x 850'
1029 1029
= .0049 x 850 = 4.2 bbls

bbls/ft
STRING TOTAL = 257.6 bbls

To conclude

Annular Volume = 718.7 bbls

String Volume = 257.6 bbls

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PUMP OUTPUT, STROKES, TIME

Pump Outputs

The "Output" of the pump is the amount of mud pushed out. This can be expressed on a Stroke
by Stroke basis or a time basis. [Link]/stroke or barrels/minute As just noted the output
depends on the Diameter of Liner and the Length of pump strokes.
The following is a list of outputs for:

Triplex Pump with 12" Strokes. (National 12-P-160 and Oilwell A1700-PT)

Liner Dia, inches Output, bbls/stroke

5 .0738
5 1 /2 .0881
5 3 /4 .0952
6 .1048
6 1 /2 .1238
6 3 /4 .1333
7 .1429
7 1 /2 .1524
7 1 /2 .1643
7 3 /4 .1738

These values are based on 100% efficiency. No pump runs at perfect efficiency so these
numbers are downgraded to a more accurate value. 90-95% are common efficiencies.

Strokes
There are times when we only want to move a set amount of mud.

e.g. circulate bottoms up

circulate kill mud to bit
displace Slug for tripping etc. etc.

To calculate Strokes required to pump a certain Volume use the following formula.

Strokes = Volume to Pump, bbls

Pump Output, bbls/stroke

Time

Time to pump can be found using the following formula:

Time, mins = Strokes

SPM

OR Time, mins = Volume to Pump, bbls

Pump Output, bbls/minute

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MORE COMPLEX VOLUME CALCULATIONS

Two such hole geometries are:-

a) Multiple Drill String: more than one OD of Drill Pipe and Drill Collars will
increase the number of Annulus Sections to be calculated. Varying ID's will also
increase calculations required.

b) Liners: the setting of a Liner increases the number of Annulus Sections. Accurate
diagrams are the only way to calculate such problems.

Multiple String Diagram

Below is a diagram of a hole with two sizes of Drill Pipe.

{
// //
// //
// //
Annulus 1 / / //
/ / //
/ / // Change to smaller
/ / // pipe ID

Annulus 2 {
{
xxx xxx
xxx xxx
Annulus 3 xxx xxx
xxx xxx Drill Collars

{
o o
oo oo
Annulus 4 o o

NOTE: there are 4 Annulus Sections.

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Liner Diagram

{
++ ++
++ ++
+
+
++ ++
++ ++
Annulus 1 + + 95/8 “ Casing
++
++ ++
+ ++
++ +
++ ++
++

{
+
+

Annulus 2 7” Liner

Annulus 3 { X
X
XX
X
X
XX

Annulus 4 { Open Hole

NOTE: there are 4 Annulus Sections.

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More Complex Geometry

{
95/8 “ Casing

Annulus 1
5 “ OD Pipe

31/2 “ Pipe
{

{
Annulus 2

Top of Liner

Annulus 3 7” Liner

Annulus 4 { 31/2 “ Heavy Wate

{
43/4 “ Collars
Annulus 5

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Read through the following information thoroughly then turn over.

9 5/8" Casing with ID = 8.6" set at 10845 ft.

7" Liner with ID = 6.184" hung off at 10490 ft. and shoe set at 12058 ft.
5 3/4" Open hole drilled to 12274 ft.
10,000 ft of 5" OD Drill Pipe:- Capacity = .01776 bbls/ft
1
3 /2" OD Drill Pipe:- Capacity = .0074 bbls/ft
3
768' of 4 /4" OD Drill Collars Capacity = .0049 bbls/ft

Where to start
.
1. Depth of uppermost Casing String (in this case: 9 5/8 set at 10845')

0’

95/8 “ Casing

10845’

2. 'Hang Off' point and Shoe of Liner.(7" Shoe at 12058' and hung off at 10490')

0’

10490’

10845’

7” Liner

12058’

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3. T.D. of Hole (12,274')

0’

10490’
10845’

12058’
53/4 “ Open Hole

12274’

Second - draw the Drill String

1) 5"" Pipe

0’

5 “ OD Pipe

10490’

10845’

7” Liner

12058’

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2) 4 3/4 Drill Collars (768' long)

0’
5 “ OD Pipe

10490’
10845’

11506’

768’ { 12058’

12274’

3) 3 1/2" Drill Pipe between 11,506 ft and 10,000 ft

(11506 - 10000 = 1506')

0’

10000’
10490’
10845’

11506’
12058’

12274’

At this stage you can now mark in the Annulus Sections.

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 Annulus Sections String Sections

0’ 0’

1 { } A

10000’ 10000’
2 {
10490’

3
{ } B

11506’ 11506’
4 {
5 {
12058’
} C

12274’ 12274’

NEXT: Put some figures to each Annulus Section and String Section - then warm up your
Calculator.

8. 62  52
Annulus 1 :- x 10, 000' = 475.8
1029
8. 62  3.52
Annulus 2 :- x 490' = 29.4
1029
6.1842  3.52
Annulus 3 :- x 1016 = 25.7
1029
6.1842  4. 752
Annulus 4 :- x 552 = 8.4
1029
5. 752  4. 752
Annulus 5 :- x 216 = 2.2
1029

TOTAL ANNULAR VOLUME = 541.5 bbls

5" Pipe A .01776 x 10,000' = 177.6

3 1/2" Pipe B .0074 x 1,506' = 11.1
4 3/4 Collars C .0049 x 768' = 3.8

TOTAL STRING VOLUME = 192.5 bbls

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