Chapter 3: Exponents and Logarithms
Lesson 1: Continuous Exponential Growth
Exponential Growth and Compound Interest
Reference V. 6174
Radioactive Decay
Reference V. 6175
Question # 1 Continuous Exponential Growth 01
Reference Q. 17801
Label each part of the exponential growth equation, .
Question # 2 Continuous Exponential Growth 02
Reference Q. 17802
Since , how can we turn the growth equation, into a decay equation?
Question # 3 Continuous Exponential Growth 03
Reference Q. 17803
Label each of the following as exponential growth or decay.
a.
b.
c.
Question # 4 Continuous Exponential Growth 04
Reference Q. 17804
Answer the questions based on the equation, .
a. What is the initial amount?
b. What is the amount of time?
c. Is this a growth or decay function?
d. What is the continouous rate of growth/decay?
Question # 5 Continuous Exponential Growth 05
Reference Q. 17805
Answer the questions based on the equation, .
a. What is the initial amount?
b. What is the final amount?
c. Is this a growth or decay function?
d. What is the continouous rate of growth/decay?
Question # 6 Continuous Exponential Growth 06
Reference Q. 17806
Evaluate the expression,
a)
b)
c)
d)
Question # 7 Continuous Exponential Growth 07
Reference Q. 17807
Evaluate the expression,
a)
b)
c)
d)
Question # 8 Continuous Exponential Growth 08
Reference Q. 17808
Evaluate the expression,
a)
b)
c)
d)
Question # 9 Continuous Exponential Growth 09
Reference Q. 17809
What is the final amount given that the initial amount is 13, the time is 2 years and the continual growth constant is 0.5?
Question # 10 Continuous Exponential Growth 10
Reference Q. 17810
What is the final amount given that we start with 200 and this amount decays by -0.3 over 5 years?
Question # 11 Continuous Exponential Growth 11
Reference Q. 17811
A plant is growing at a continuous rate of 12% per year. If its initial height is 5 cm, how tall will it be after 3 years?
Question # 12 Continuous Exponential Growth 12
Reference Q. 17812
The population of a town of 2000 people explodes due to a recently discovered mine. If the continual growth rate is 0.693, what
is the population of the town after only 3 years?
Question # 13 Continuous Exponential Growth 13
Reference Q. 17813
If you were given $100 to invest at a continual rate of 5%, how long would it take for you to double your money?
Question # 14 Continuous Exponential Growth 14
Reference Q. 17814
If you were given $20 to invest at a continual rate of 2.5%, how long would it take for you to triple your money?
Question # 15 Continuous Exponential Growth 15
Reference Q. 17815
How much money would you have to invest in order to have $400 after 10 years if the bank offered you a continual interest rate
of 4%.
Question # 16 Continuous Exponential Growth 16
Reference Q. 17816
How much money would you have to invest in order to have $5000 after 18 years if the bank offered you a continual interest
rate of 1.5%.
Question # 17 Continuous Exponential Growth 17
Reference Q. 17817
A radioactive substance has a decay rate of 50% per year. If we initially have 45 grams, how much will remain after 4 years?
Question # 18 Continuous Exponential Growth 18
Reference Q. 17818
A radioactive substance has a decay rate of 33% per year. If we initially have 5 grams, how much will remain after 25 years?
Question # 19 Continuous Exponential Growth 19
Reference Q. 17819
100% of a radioactive substance decays per year. If we initially have 15 grams, how much will remain after 9 years?
Question # 20 Continuous Exponential Growth 20
Reference Q. 17820
A radioactive substance is safe to handle when there is less than 1 gram of it left. If this substance has a decay rate of 70% per
year, how long will it be before a 100 g substance is safe to handle?
Chapter 3: Exponents and Logarithms
Lesson 2: Transforming Exponential Equations
Equivalent Exponential Expressions
Reference V. 5260
Negative Exponent Property
Reference V. 5261
Power of a Power Property
Reference V. 5847
Equivalent Exponential Expression Examples
Reference V. 5604
Question # 1
Reference Q. 11571
Re-write the following expression with only x in the exponent.
Question # 2 Question 11572
Reference Q. 11572
Re-write the following expression with only x in the exponent.
Question # 3
Reference Q. 11573
Re-write the following expression with only x in the exponent.
Question # 4 Question 11461
Reference Q. 11461
Are the following two exponential functions equivalent?
Hint: represents the constant of continuous growth:
Question # 5 Question 11462
Reference Q. 11462
Are the following two exponential functions equivalent?
Half a percent every month:
6 percent every year:
Question # 6 Question 11464
Reference Q. 11464
How much better is the return on an 8% yearly interest rate investment that is compounded monthly as opposed to
compounded yearly?
Question # 7 Question 11463
Reference Q. 11463
How much better is the return on an 8% yearly interest rate investment that is compounded daily as opposed to compounded
yearly?
Question # 8 Question 11465
Reference Q. 11465
A new car usually depreciates at a rate of 15% per year.
This can be modeled by the equation where is years.
You wonder to yourself, "I wonder what my new car will be worth after just a few months?"
a. Estimate the monthly depreciation rate. Justify your estimate.
b. What is the actual monthly depreciation rate?
c. Are you surprised by the actual rate? Why or why not?
Question # 9 Question 12184
Reference Q. 12184
A computer depreciates in value very quickly, at the rate of 28% per year.
This can be modeled by the equation where t is years.
You wonder to yourself, "I wonder what my computer will be worth after just a few weeks?"
a. Estimate the weekly depreciation rate. Justify your estimate.
b. What is the actual weekly depreciation rate?
c. Are you surprised by the actual rate? Why or why not?
Question # 10 Question 11515
Reference Q. 11515
A population of bacteria is doubling every 36 minutes.
a. Write an equation to represent this growth.
b. Use the power rule to discover the hourly rate of growth, and rewrite the equation in terms of hours.
c. How many times greater will the population be after 3 hours?
Question # 11 Question 11516
Reference Q. 11516
The average halflife of caffeine in the human body is 5.7 hours.
a. Write an equation to represent this decay.
b. Use the power rule to discover the hourly rate of decay, and rewrite the equation in terms of hours.
c. How much caffeine will still be in your system if you consumed 500mg of caffeine 10 hours ago?
Question # 12 Question 11570
Reference Q. 11570
The height of a weed is increasing continuously according the function: where " " is time in days.
What is the percentage growth each day?
Hint: Re-write the function in terms of "percentage growth".
Question # 13 Question 12185
Reference Q. 12185
Algae in a pond grows continuously according to the function:
where is time in days. What is the percentage growth each day?
Hint: Re-write the function in terms of "percentage growth".
Question # 14
Reference Q. 12195
An investment of $25,000 is invested at 3.2% per month and is compounded monthly. The growth can be modeled by the
equation . What is the equivalent annual growth rate for this investment (rounded to the
nearest tenth of a percent) and what is the investment worth about 9 years?
Question # 15 Question 12197
Reference Q. 12197
An investment of $3,000 is invested at 1.7% per month and is compounded monthly. The growth can be modeled by the
equation . What is the equivalent daily growth rate for this investment (rounded to the nearest
thousandth of a percent) and what is the investment worth in 2 years?
Question # 16 Simplifying Exponents
Reference Q. 11665
Simplify.
a.
b.
Question # 17 Simplifying Exponents
Reference Q. 11666
Solve the following exponential equations.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Question # 18 Simplifying Exponents
Reference Q. 11667
Solve for
a.
b.
c.
Question # 19 Simplifying Exponents
Reference Q. 11668
A bacterium doubles every 12 hours. The number of bacteria, present after hours is given by the formula
a. After how many hours are there 256 bacteria?
b. Estimate how many hours it would take for the number of bacteria to reach 1000?
(An algebraic technique to determine the exact answer to this problem will be shown later in this unit.)
Question # 20 Solving Exponential Functions
Reference Q. 11669
A radioactive isotope has a mass of 512 grams, and has a half life of 45 minutes.
The number of grams, present after minutes, is given by the formula
How long would it take for the mass to reduce to one gram?
Question # 21 Solving Exponential Functions
Reference Q. 11670
Solve for
a.
b.
c.
d.
Question # 22 Solving Exponential Functions
Reference Q. 11671
Solve for
a.
b.
c.
Question # 23 Solving Exponential Functions
Reference Q. 11672
Solve the equation
(Hint: Write as a quadratic equation with the variable as )
Question # 24 Solving Exponential Functions
Reference Q. 11673
If then the value of is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Question # 25 Solving Exponential Functions
Reference Q. 11674
The solution to the to the nearest tenth, is ______.
Question # 26 Solving Exponential Functions
Reference Q. 11675
The solution to the equation to the nearest hundredth, is _____.
Question # 27 Solving Exponential Functions
Reference Q. 11676
The solution to the equation to the nearest tenth, is _____.
Chapter 3: Exponents and Logarithms
Lesson 3: Introduction to Logarithms
Logarithmic Functions Introduction
Reference V. 4669
How are Logarithmic and Exponential Functions Related?
Reference V. 5601
Defining Logarithms
Reference V. 5602
Evaluating Logs on Your Calculator
Reference V. 4670
Question # 1 Extra Question
Reference Q. 18029
Evaluate .
Question # 2 Extra Question
Reference Q. 18030
Evaluate .
Question # 3 Extra Question
Reference Q. 18031
Evaluate .
Question # 4 Extra Question
Reference Q. 18032
Evaluate using a calculator.
Question # 5 Extra Question
Reference Q. 18033
Evaluate using a calculator.
Question # 6 Extra Question
Reference Q. 18034
Evaluate using a calculator.
Question # 7 Extra Question
Reference Q. 18035
When is not defined?
Question # 8 Question 11370
Reference Q. 11370
Express in logarithmic form:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Question # 9 Question 11371
Reference Q. 11371
Express in exponential form:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Question # 10 Question 11372
Reference Q. 11372
Use the change of base rule to solve:
Question # 11
Reference Q. 11374
Use the change of base rule to solve:
Question # 12
Reference Q. 11375
Solve
Question # 13
Reference Q. 11376
Solve
Question # 14
Reference Q. 11377
Solve
Question # 15 Extra Question
Reference Q. 18028
Let
a. Fill in the following tables:
b. Sketch both and on the same grid provided below:
c. Show that the inverse of is .
Question # 16
Reference Q. 11378
Solve using the inverse property:
Question # 17
Reference Q. 11382
Solve using the inverse property:
Question # 18
Reference Q. 11384
Solve using the inverse property
Question # 19
Reference Q. 11386
Solve using the inverse property
Question # 20
Reference Q. 11387
Solve using the inverse property.
Question # 21 Extra Question
Reference Q. 18036
Show that .
Question # 22 Extra Question
Reference Q. 18037
Show that the solution to the equation can be written as .
Chapter 3: Exponents and Logarithms
Lesson 4: Solving Equations Using Logarithms
Power Rule
Reference V. 5819
The Change of Base Rule
Reference V. 151
Solving Using Logarithms
Reference V. 4671
Equation Solving
Reference V. 152
Question # 1
Reference Q. 11388
Solve using the power rule.
Question # 2
Reference Q. 11389
Solve using the power rule.
Question # 3
Reference Q. 11390
Solve using the power rule
Question # 4
Reference Q. 11391
Solve using the power rule.
Question # 5
Reference Q. 11392
Solve using the power rule.
Question # 6
Reference Q. 11393
Determine the value of to 2 decimal places.
Question # 7
Reference Q. 11397
Determine the value of x to 2 decimal places
Question # 8 Question 12200
Reference Q. 12200
What is the exact value of x in the exponential equation ?
Question # 9 Question 12203
Reference Q. 12203
What is the exact value of x in the exponential equation ?
Question # 10 Question 12205
Reference Q. 12205
What is the value of x in the exponential equation ?
Question # 11
Reference Q. 11399
Try it!
If and what are x and y?
Question # 12
Reference Q. 11400
The population of mice grows according to the equation
where t is the time in hours. The initial population is 23 mice. How many hours from now does the population increase to 89
mice?
Question # 13 Question 11401
Reference Q. 11401
In the last 34 years the population of Black Rhinos at one point was decreasing at a rate of 76% according to the formula:
with t is time in years.
a. What is the initial population of rhinos?
b. In how many years will there be 10 rhinos remaining?
Question # 14 Express In Logarithmic Form
Reference Q. 11696
Express each of the following in logarithmic form.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Question # 15 Convert To Exponential Form Then Solve An Equation
Reference Q. 11700
By converting to exponential form, solve the equation
Question # 16 Express In Exponential Form
Reference Q. 11697
Express each of the following in exponential form.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Question # 17 Determine If In Logarithmic Form
Reference Q. 11698
Is the logarithmic form of Explain your answer.
Question # 18 Complete The Table Describing Logarithmic And Exponential Functions
Reference Q. 11699
Complete the following table:
Question # 19 Determine The Inverse Of The Functions
Reference Q. 11701
Determine the inverse of the following functions. Answer in the form _____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Question # 20 Change Each To Logarithmic Form
Reference Q. 11702
Change each of the following from exponential form to logarithmic form.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Question # 21 Change Each To Exponential Form
Reference Q. 11703
Change each of the following from logarithmic form to exponential form
a.
b.
c.
d.
Question # 22 Solve The Equations For y
Reference Q. 11704
By converting to exponential form, solve the following equations for y.
a.
b.
c.
Question # 23 Determine The Value Of x
Reference Q. 11705
If then the value of x is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Question # 24 Evaluate The Logarithm
Reference Q. 11709
Evaluate
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Question # 25 Solve For The Variable
Reference Q. 11711
Solve for x.
a.
b.
c.
Question # 26 Evaluate Each Logarithm
Reference Q. 11712
Evaluate each of the following logarithms.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Question # 27 Evaluate Logarithms
Reference Q. 11713
Evaluate the following logarithms to the nearest tenth.
a.
b.
c.
Question # 28 Convert The Logarithm Base
Reference Q. 11714
Convert the following logarithms to the base indicated.
a. to base 7
b. to base 6
c. to base e
Question # 29 Evaluate By Converting The Base
Reference Q. 11715
Evaluate, to the nearest nearest hundredth, using the change of base identity.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Question # 30 Determine Which Is Negative
Reference Q. 11719
Which of the following has a negative value?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Question # 31 Determine The Value Of A Logarithmic Expression
Reference Q. 11721
The value of the expression to the nearest tenth, is ____.
Question # 32 Determine The Value Of The Variable
Reference Q. 11722
Given the equation the value of x to the nearest whole number is ____.
Question # 33 Evaluate The Variable
Reference Q. 11723
If the value of x to the nearest whole number is ____.
Question # 34 Solve the equation
Reference Q. 11804
Determine the exact value of x in the form
a.
b.
c.
Question # 35 Solve the equation
Reference Q. 11805
Algebraically determine, to the nearest hundredth, the solution to the equation
Question # 36 Exponential growth
Reference Q. 11812
The number, N, of throat swab bacteria being grown in a culture after t hours, is given by the formula ,
where is the original number of bacteria. If there are initially 500 bacteria in the culture, determine how long it would take, to
the nearest tenth of an hour, for the number of bacteria to grow to 1 million.
Question # 37 A Truck Depreciating At A Constant Rate
Reference Q. 11810
A truck bought for $35,000 depreciates at a rate of 12% per year.
a. If the value of the truck is an exponential function of time, state the base of the exponential function.
b. Write an equation to represent the value, V, of the truck after t years.
c. Determine, to the nearest hundred dollars, the value of the truck after t=4 years.
d. How many years, to the nearest tenth, would it take for the value of the truck to reduce to one quarter of its purchase
price?
Question # 38 Increasing Rate Of The World's Population
Reference Q. 11813
In 2008 the world population was approximately 6.7 billion and was increasing at an annual rate of 1.3%.
a. If the function representing the population, in billions, is of the form state values for a and b.
b. Write an equation to represent the world population, W billions, as a function of the numbers of years, n, since 2008.
c. Assuming the same growth rate, determine, to the nearest tenth of a billion, the expected world population in the year
2025.
d. If the population continues to grow at this rate, determine the number of years, to the nearest year, for the population to
double from its 2008 size.
e. Estimate the world population in 1950. State any assumptions you have made. How does your answer compare with the
actual world population in 1950? Give a reason for any discrepancy.
Question # 39 The Depreciation Of Robotic Technology
Reference Q. 11815
The value of a type of robotic technology depreciates 25% per year.
a. Write an exponential function to represent the value of this robotic technology after t years.
b. How many years, to the nearest year, would it take for the value of the robotic technology, which initially cost $575,000,
to depreciate to $25,000?
Question # 40 Pollutants In Water
Reference Q. 11817
A quantity of water contains 500g of pollutants. Each time the water passes through a filter, 18% of the pollutants are removed.
How many filters are needed to reduce the mass of pollutants to less than 150g?
Question # 41 Population Of Germs In A Bathtub
Reference Q. 11823
The population of germs in a dirty bathtub doubles every 20 minutes. How long, to the nearest minute, would it take for the
population triple?
Question # 42 Tripling Period Of A Bacteria Culture
Reference Q. 11826
The tripling period, to the nearest tenth of an hour, of a bacteria culture which grows from 500 cells to 64,000 cells in 50 hours is
____.
Question # 43 Radioactive Material Decay
Reference Q. 11827
Radioactive material decays to 40% of its original mass in 5 years. The half-life of the radioactive material, to the nearest
hundredth of a year, is ____.