Calculus 1 Tutor
Worksheet 12
Calculating Volumes with
Integrals
1
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Calculus 1 Tutor - Worksheet 12 – Calculating Volumes with Integrals
1. A region in the first quadrant is formed by the functions 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 and 𝑦 =
0. Calculate the volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the
𝑥 −axis.
1
2. A region in the first quadrant is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 and 𝑦 =
0. Calculate the volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the
𝑥 −axis on the interval [0, 4].
3. A region in the first quadrant is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 3√𝑥 and 𝑦 = 0.
Calculate the volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the
𝑥 −axis on the interval [0, 9].
2
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4. A region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2 and 𝑦 = 0. Calculate the
volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis on the
interval [1, 3].
5. A region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2 and 𝑦 = 0. Calculate the
volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis.
6. A region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = −2𝑥 2 + 2 and 𝑦 = 0. Calculate the
volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis.
3
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7. A region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 and 𝑦 = 0. Calculate the
volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis on the
interval [−2, −1].
8. A region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 4 and 𝑦 = 0 and bounded
by the line 𝑥 = 1. Calculate the volume of the object formed by rotating the
region about the 𝑥 −axis.
9. A region in the first quadrant is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 4.
Calculate the volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the
𝑥 −axis.
4
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10. A region in the first quadrant is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 2𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥
and bounded by the line 𝑥 = 2. Calculate the volume of the object formed by
rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis.
11. A region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3. Calculate the
volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis.
1
12. A region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 and 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 3 . Calculate the
volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis on the
interval [0, 2].
5
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13. A region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 2. Calculate the
volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis on the
interval [−1, 2].
14. A region in the first quadrant is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 .
Calculate the volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the
𝑥 −axis.
15. A region in the first quadrant is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = √𝑥.
Calculate the volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the
𝑥 −axis.
6
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16. A region in the first quadrant is formed by the functions 𝑦 = sin𝑥 and 𝑦 =
cos𝑥. Calculate the volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the
𝑥 −axis.
7
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Answers - Calculus 1 Tutor - Worksheet 12 – Calculating Volumes with Integrals
1. The question states that a region in the first quadrant is formed by the
functions 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 0. You are asked to calculate the volume of the
object formed by rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis. The figure shows the
shaded region, indicating that the interval of integration is [0,1].
We find the volume of an object by integrating the area of a cross section of the
object. Since we have a rotational object, the cross section is a circle with the
formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 . The radius 𝑟 is the function value. Thus, the formula of the
cross section in this figure is 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(−𝑥 2 + 𝑥)2 , which can be written as
𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 ). Integrate to find the volume.
1 1
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋(𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫(𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
0 0
1
1 2 1 1
𝜋 ∫(𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ( 𝑥 5 − 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 ) |
5 4 3 0
0
1 1 1 1 1 1
= 𝜋 ( (1)5 − (1)4 + (1)2 ) − 𝜋 ( (0)5 − (0)4 + (0)2 )
5 2 3 5 2 3
1 1 1 1
= 𝜋( − + ) = 𝜋
5 2 3 30
1
Answer: 𝜋 cubic units
30
8
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2. The question states that a region in the first quadrant is formed by the
1
functions 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 0. You are asked to calculate the volume of the
object formed by rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis on the interval [0, 4]. The
figure shows the shaded region, indicating that the interval of integration is [0,4].
We find the volume of an object by integrating the area of a cross section of the
object. Since we have a rotational object, the cross section is a circle with the
formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 . The radius 𝑟 is the function value. Thus, the formula of the
1 2
cross section in this figure is 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋 (4 𝑥 2 + 𝑥) , which can be written as
1 1
𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋 (16 𝑥 4 + 2 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 ). Integrate to find the volume.
4 4
1 1 1 1
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋 ( 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫ ( 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
16 2 16 2
0 0
4
1 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 4
𝜋∫( 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ( ∙ 𝑥 5 + ∙ 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 ) |
16 2 16 5 2 4 3 0
0
9
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1 1 5 1 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1 4
𝜋( ∙ 𝑥 + ∙ 𝑥 + 𝑥 ) | = 𝜋 ( 𝑥5 + 𝑥4 + 𝑥3) |
16 5 2 4 3 0 80 8 3 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
= 𝜋( (4)5 + (4)4 + (4)3 ) − 𝜋 ( (0)5 + (0)4 + (0)3 )
80 8 3 80 8 3
64 64 992 1
𝜋( + 32 + ) = 𝜋 or 66 𝜋
5 3 15 15
992 1
Answer: 𝜋 or 66 15 𝜋 cubic units
15
3. The question states that a region in the first quadrant is formed by the
functions 𝑦 = 3√𝑥 and 𝑦 = 0. You are asked to calculate the volume of the object
formed by rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis on the interval [0, 9]. The figure
shows the shaded region, indicating that the interval of integration is [0,9].
We find the volume of an object by integrating the area of a cross section of the
object. Since we have a rotational object, the cross section is a circle with the
formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 . The radius 𝑟 is the function value. Thus, the formula of the
cross section in this figure is 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(3√𝑥)2 , which can be written as 𝐴(𝑥) =
𝜋(9𝑥). Integrate to find the volume.
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9 9
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋(9𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫(9𝑥)𝑑𝑥
0 0
9
1 9 1 1
𝜋 ∫(9𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 (9 ∙ 𝑥 2 ) | = 𝜋 (9 ∙ (9)2 ) − 𝜋 (9 ∙ 𝑥 (0)2 )
2 0 2 2
0
1 1 729 729
𝜋 (9 ∙ (9)2 ) − 𝜋 (9 ∙ 𝑥(0)2 ) = 𝜋−0= 𝜋
2 2 2 2
729
Answer: 𝜋 cubic units
2
4. The question states that a region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2
and 𝑦 = 0. You are asked to calculate the volume of the object formed by
rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis on the interval [1, 3]. The figure shows the
shaded region.
We find the volume of an object by integrating the area of a cross section of the
object. Since we have a rotational object, the cross section is a circle with the
11
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formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 . The radius 𝑟 is the function value. Thus, the formula of the
cross section in this figure is 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(𝑥 2 − 2x + 2)2 , which can be written as
𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4). Integrate to find the volume.
3 3
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋(𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫(𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥
1 1
3
1 4 8 8 3
𝜋 ∫(𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ( 𝑥 5 − 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥) |
5 4 3 2 1
1
1 8
= 𝜋 ( (3)5 − 34 + (3)3 − 4(3)2 + 4(3))
5 3
1 8
− 𝜋 ( (1)5 − 14 + (1)3 − 4(1)2 + 4(1))
5 3
243 1 8
= 𝜋( − 81 + 72 − 36 + 12) − 𝜋 ( − 1 + − 4 + 4)
5 5 3
78 28 206
= 𝜋( − )= 𝜋
5 15 15
206
Answer: 𝜋 cubic units
15
12
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5. The question states that a region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2
and 𝑦 = 0. You are asked to calculate the volume of the object formed by
rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis. The figure shows the shaded region,
indicating that the interval of integration is [−1,2].
We find the volume of an object by integrating the area of a cross section of the
object. Since we have a rotational object, the cross section is a circle with the
formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 . The radius 𝑟 is the function value. Thus, the formula of the
cross section in this figure is 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(−𝑥 2 + x + 2)2, which can be written as
𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4). Integrate to find the volume.
2 2
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋(𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫(𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥
−1 −1
2
1 2 3 4 2
𝜋 ∫(𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ( 𝑥 5 − 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥) |
5 4 3 2 −1
−1
1 1
= 𝜋 ( (2)5 − (2)4 − 23 + 2(2)2 + 4(2))
5 2
1 1
− 𝜋 ( (−1)5 − (−1)4 − (−1)3 + 2(−1)2 + 4(−1))
5 2
32 1 1
= 𝜋 ( − 8 − 8 + 8 + 8) − 𝜋 (− − + 1 + 2 − 4)
5 5 2
32 17 81
= 𝜋( )+𝜋( ) = 𝜋 or 8.1𝜋
5 10 10
81
Answer: 𝜋 or 8.1𝜋
10
13
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6. The question states that a region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = −2𝑥 2 + 2 and
𝑦 = 0. You are asked to calculate the volume of the object formed by rotating the
region about the 𝑥 −axis. The figure shows the shaded region, indicating that the
interval of integration is [−1,1].
We find the volume of an object by integrating the area of a cross section of the
object. Since we have a rotational object, the cross section is a circle with the
formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 . The radius 𝑟 is the function value. Thus, the formula of the
cross section in this figure is 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(−2𝑥 2 + 2)2 , which can be written as
𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(4𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 2 + 4). Integrate to find the volume.
1 1
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋(4𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 2 + 4)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫(4𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 2 + 4)𝑑𝑥
−1 −1
1
4 8 1
𝜋 ∫(4𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 2 + 4)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ( 𝑥 5 − 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥) |
5 3 −1
−1
4 8 4 8
= 𝜋 ( (1)5 − (1)3 + 4(1)) − 𝜋 ( (−1)5 − (−1)3 + 4(−1))
5 3 5 3
4 8 4 8
= 𝜋 ( − + 4) − 𝜋 (− + − 4)
5 3 5 3
32 32 32 32 64
= 𝜋( ) − 𝜋 (− ) = 𝜋 ( ) + 𝜋 ( ) = 𝜋
15 15 15 15 15
64
Answer: 𝜋 cubic units
15
14
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7. The question states that a region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 and
𝑦 = 0. You are asked to calculate the volume of the object formed by rotating the
region about the 𝑥 −axis on the interval [−2, −1]. The figure shows the shaded
region.
We find the volume of an object by integrating the area of a cross section of the
object. Since we have a rotational object, the cross section is a circle with the
formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 . The radius 𝑟 is the function value. Thus, the formula of the
cross section in this figure is 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥)2 , which can be written as
𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 ). Integrate to find the volume.
−1 −1
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋(𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫ (𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
−2 −2
−1
1 6 9 −1
𝜋 ∫ (𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ( 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 ) |
5 4 3 −2
−2
1 6 9 1 6 9
= 𝜋 ( (−1)5 + (−1)4 + (−1)3 ) = 𝜋 ( (−2)5 + (−2)4 + (−2)3 )
5 4 3 5 4 3
1 3 32
= 𝜋 (− + − 3) − 𝜋 (− + 24 − 24)
5 2 5
17 32 47
= 𝜋 (− ) − 𝜋 (− ) = 𝜋
10 5 10
47
Answer: 𝜋 or 4.7𝜋 cubic units
10
15
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8. The question states that a region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 4
and 𝑦 = 0 and bounded by the line 𝑥 = 1. You are asked to calculate the volume
of the object formed by rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis. The figure shows
the shaded region, indicating that the interval of integration is [−2,1].
We find the volume of an object by integrating the area of a cross section of the
object. Since we have a rotational object, the cross section is a circle with the
formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 . The radius 𝑟 is the function value. Thus, the formula of the
cross section in this figure is 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 4)2 , which can be written as
𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(𝑥 6 + 2𝑥 5 + 𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 + 16). Integrate to find the volume.
1
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋(𝑥 6 + 2𝑥 5 + 𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 + 16)𝑑𝑥
−2
16
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1
𝜋 ∫(𝑥 6 + 2𝑥 5 + 𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 + 16)𝑑𝑥
−2
1 2 1 8 8 1
= 𝜋 ( 𝑥 7 + 𝑥 6 + 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 + 16𝑥) |
7 6 5 4 3 −2
1 1 1 8 1
= 𝜋 ( 𝑥 7 + 𝑥 6 + 𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 + 16𝑥) |
7 3 5 3 −2
1 1 1 8
= 𝜋 ( (1)7 + (1)6 + (1)5 + 2(1)4 + (1)3 + 16(1))
7 3 5 3
1 1 1 8
− 𝜋 ( (−2)7 + (−2)6 + (−2)5 + 2(−2)4 + (−2)3
7 3 5 3
+ 16(−2))
1 1 1 8 128 64 32 64
= 𝜋 ( + + + 2 + + 16) − 𝜋 (− + − + 32 − − 32)
7 3 5 3 7 3 5 3
747 864 747 864 1611
= 𝜋( ) − 𝜋 (− ) = 𝜋( )+𝜋( )= 𝜋
35 35 35 35 35
1611
Answer: 𝜋 cubic units
35
17
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9. The question states that a region in the first quadrant is formed by the
functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 4. You are asked to calculate the volume of the object
formed by rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis. The figure shows the shaded
region, indicating that the interval of integration is [0,4].
The cross section is an “annulus” which has the formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑅 2 − 𝜋𝑟 2 , in which
𝑅 is the outside radius of the rotation and 𝑟 is the inside radius. This formula can
be rearranged using distribution to 𝐴 = 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 ).
The function 𝑦 = 4 forms the outside radius and the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 forms the
inside radius, Thus, the formula of the cross section in this figure is 𝐴(𝑥) =
𝜋[(4)2 − (𝑥)2 ], which can be written as 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(16 − 𝑥 2 ). Integrate to find the
volume.
4 4
1 4
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋(16 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫(16 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 (16𝑥 − 𝑥 3 ) |
3 0
0 0
1 4 1 1
𝜋 (16𝑥 − 𝑥 3 ) | = 𝜋 (16(4) − (4)3 ) − 𝜋 (16(0) − (0)3 )
3 0 3 3
64 128
= 𝜋 (64 − )−0 = 𝜋
3 3
128
Answer: 𝜋 cubic units
3
18
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10. The question states that a region in the first quadrant is formed by the
functions 𝑦 = 2𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 and bounded by the line 𝑥 = 2. You are asked to
calculate the volume of the object formed by rotating the region about the
𝑥 −axis. The figure shows the shaded region, indicating that the interval of
integration is [0,2].
The cross section is an “annulus” which has the formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑅 2 − 𝜋𝑟 2 , in which
𝑅 is the outside radius of the rotation and 𝑟 is the inside radius. This formula can
be rearranged using distribution to 𝐴 = 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 ).
The function 𝑦 = 2𝑥 forms the outside radius and the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 forms the
inside radius, Thus, the formula of the cross section in this figure is 𝐴(𝑥) =
𝜋[(2𝑥)2 − (𝑥)2 ], which can be written as 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 ) = 𝜋(3𝑥 2 ).
Integrate to find the volume.
2 2
3 2
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋(𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫(3𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ( 𝑥 3 ) |
3 0
0 0
2
𝜋(𝑥 3 )| = 𝜋((2)3 ) − 𝜋((0)3 ) = 8𝜋 − 0 = 8𝜋
0
Answer: 8𝜋 cubic units
19
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11. The question states that a region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 and
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3. You are asked to calculate the volume of the object formed by
rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis. The figure shows the shaded region,
indicating that the interval of integration is [−1,2].
The cross section is an “annulus” which has the formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑅 2 − 𝜋𝑟 2 , in which
𝑅 is the outside radius of the rotation and 𝑟 is the inside radius. This formula can
be rearranged using distribution to 𝐴 = 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 ).
The function 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 forms the outside radius and the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1
forms the inside radius, Thus, the formula of the cross section in this figure is
𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋[(𝑥 + 3 )2 − (𝑥 2 + 1)2 ], which can be written as 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(−𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 +
6𝑥 + 8). Integrate to find the volume.
2 2
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋(−𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫(−𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8)𝑑𝑥
−1 −1
2
1 1 6 2
𝜋 ∫(−𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 (− 𝑥 5 − 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥) |
5 3 2 −1
−1
20
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1 1 6
= 𝜋 (− (2)5 − (2)3 + (2)2 + 8(2))
5 3 2
1 1 6
− 𝜋 (− (−1)5 − (−1)3 + (−1)2 + 8(−1))
5 3 2
32 8 1 1
= 𝜋 (− − + 12 + 16) − 𝜋 ( + + 3 − 8)
5 3 5 3
284 67 284 67 117
= 𝜋( ) − 𝜋 (− ) = 𝜋+ 𝜋 = 𝜋
15 15 15 15 5
117
Answer: 𝜋 cubic units
5
12. The question states that a region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 and
1
𝑦 = 4 𝑥 3 . You are asked to calculate the volume of the object formed by rotating
the region about the 𝑥 −axis on the interval [0, 2]. The figure shows the shaded
region.
21
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The cross section is an “annulus” which has the formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑅 2 − 𝜋𝑟 2 , in which
𝑅 is the outside radius of the rotation and 𝑟 is the inside radius. This formula can
be rearranged using distribution to 𝐴 = 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 ).
1
The function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 forms the outside radius and the function 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 3
forms the inside radius, Thus, the formula of the cross section in this figure is
1 2 1
𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋 [(𝑥 2 + 1 )2 − (4 𝑥 3 ) ], which can be written as 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋 (− 16 𝑥 6 +
𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1). Integrate to find the volume.
2 2
1 1
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋 (− 𝑥 6 + 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫ (− 𝑥 6 + 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
16 16
0 0
2
1 6 1 1 1 2 2
𝜋 ∫ (− 𝑥 + 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 (− ∙ 𝑥 7 + 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥) |
16 16 7 5 3 0
0
1 1 1 2
= 𝜋 (− ∙ (2)7 + (2)5 + (2)3 + 2)
16 7 5 3
1 1 1 2
− 𝜋 (− ∙ (0)7 + (0)5 + (0)3 + 0)
16 7 5 3
8 32 16 1322
= 𝜋 (− + + + 2) − 0 = 𝜋
7 5 3 105
1322
Answer: 105
𝜋 cubic units
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13. The question states that a region is formed by the functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2 and
𝑦 = 𝑥 2. You are asked to calculate the volume of the object formed by rotating
the region about the 𝑥 −axis on the interval [−1, 2]. The figure below shows the
shaded region.
The cross section is an “annulus” which has the formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑅 2 − 𝜋𝑟 2 , in which
𝑅 is the outside radius of the rotation and 𝑟 is the inside radius. This formula can
be rearranged using distribution to 𝐴 = 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 ).
The function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2 forms the outside radius and the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 forms
the inside radius, Thus, the formula of the cross section in this figure is 𝐴(𝑥) =
𝜋[(𝑥 2 + 2 )2 − (𝑥 2 )2 ], which can be written as 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(4𝑥 2 + 4). Integrate to
find the volume.
2 2
4 2
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋(4𝑥 2 + 4)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫(4𝑥 2 + 4)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ( 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥) |
3 −1
−1 −1
4 2 4 4
𝜋 ( 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥) | = 𝜋 ( (2)3 + 4(2)) − 𝜋 ( (−1)3 + 4(−1))
3 −1 3 3
32 4 56 16
= 𝜋( + 8) − 𝜋 (− − 4) = 𝜋 + 𝜋 = 24𝜋
3 3 3 3
Answer: 24𝜋 cubic units
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14. The question states that a region in the first quadrant is formed by the
functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 2. Calculate the volume of the object formed by
rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis. The figure shows the shaded region,
indicating that the interval of integration is [0,1].
The cross section is an “annulus” which has the formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑅 2 − 𝜋𝑟 2 , in which
𝑅 is the outside radius of the rotation and 𝑟 is the inside radius. This formula can
be rearranged using distribution to 𝐴 = 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 ).
The function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 forms the outside radius and the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 forms the
inside radius, Thus, the formula of the cross section in this figure is 𝐴(𝑥) =
𝜋[(𝑥 2 )2 − (𝑥 3 )2 ], which can be written as 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(𝑥 4 − 𝑥 6 ). Integrate to find
the volume.
1 1
1 1 1
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋(𝑥 4 − 𝑥 6 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫(𝑥 4 − 𝑥 6 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ( 𝑥 5 − 𝑥 7 ) |
5 7 0
0 0
1 1 1 1
= 𝜋 ( (1)5 − (1)7 ) − 𝜋 ( (0)5 − (0)7 )
5 7 5 7
1 1 2
= 𝜋( − )−0 = 𝜋
5 7 35
2
Answer: 35
𝜋 cubic units
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15. The questions states that a region in the first quadrant is formed by the
functions 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = √𝑥. You are asked to calculate the volume of the object
formed by rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis. The figure shows the shaded
region, indicating that the interval of integration is [0,1].
The cross section is an “annulus” which has the formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑅 2 − 𝜋𝑟 2 , in which
𝑅 is the outside radius of the rotation and 𝑟 is the inside radius. This formula can
be rearranged using distribution to 𝐴 = 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 ).
The function 𝑦 = √𝑥 forms the outside radius and the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 forms the
inside radius, Thus, the formula of the cross section in this figure is 𝐴(𝑥) =
𝜋[(√𝑥 )2 − (𝑥 2 )2 ], which can be written as 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(𝑥 − 𝑥 4 ). Integrate to find
the volume.
1 1
1 1 1
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋(𝑥 − 𝑥 4 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫(𝑥 − 𝑥 4 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 5 ) |
2 5 0
0 0
1 1 1 1
= 𝜋 ( (1)2 − (1)5 ) − 𝜋 ( (0)2 − (0)5 )
2 5 2 5
1 1 3
= 𝜋( − )−0 = 𝜋
2 5 10
3
Answer: 𝜋 cubic units
10
25
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16. The question states that a region in the first quadrant is formed by the
functions 𝑦 = sin𝑥 and 𝑦 = cos𝑥. You are asked to calculate the volume of the
object formed by rotating the region about the 𝑥 −axis. The figure shows the
𝜋
shaded region, indicating that the interval of integration is [0, 4 ].
The cross section is an “annulus” which has the formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑅 2 − 𝜋𝑟 2 , in which
𝑅 is the outside radius of the rotation and 𝑟 is the inside radius. This formula can
be rearranged using distribution to 𝐴 = 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 ).
The function 𝑦 = cos𝑥 forms the outside radius and the function 𝑦 = sin𝑥 forms
the inside radius, Thus, the formula of the cross section in this figure is 𝐴(𝑥) =
𝜋[(cos𝑥)2 − (sin𝑥)2 ], which can be written as 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝜋(cos2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥). Then,
use the trigonometric identity cos2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥 = cos(2𝑥). Therefore, 𝐴(𝑥) =
𝜋(cos(2𝑥)) Integrate to find the volume.
𝜋 𝜋
4 4
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋(cos(2𝑥))𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫(cos(2𝑥))𝑑𝑥
0 0
Use integration by substitution to complete the integration.
𝑑𝑢
Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥 and 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥. Then, 𝑑𝑥 = . Then, change the integration limits so
2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
they are in terms of 𝑢. Thus, 𝑢(0) = 2(0) and 𝑢 ( 4 ) = 2 (4 ) = 2 .
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𝜋 𝜋
1 2 2
𝑑𝑢 𝜋
𝜋 ∫(cos(2𝑥))𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫(cos(𝑢)) = ∫(cos(𝑢))𝑑𝑢
2 2
0 0 0
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢|2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛0 = (1) − 0 =
2 0 2 2 2 2 2
𝜋
Answer: cubic units
2
27
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