ЗАНЯТТЯ № 13
Сучасні засоби комунікації та інформації. Вплив науки на розвиток
суспільства
1. Прочитайте, повторіть та перекажіть текст «INTERNET AND
MODERN LIFE».
1. Ознайомтесь з матеріалом практичного заняття,прочитайте та
перекладіть тексти «COMPUTERS IN MY LIFE», «TELEVISION IS
DOING IRREPARABLE HARM» користуючись словником.
2. Складіть 7 речень, використовуючи ЛО(лексичні одиниці) текстів.
3. Дайте відповіді на питання в письмовій формі(після текстів).
І. Прочитайте, повторіть та перекажіть текст.
INTERNET AND MODERN LIFE
The Internet has already entered our ordinary life. Everybody knows that the
Internet is a global computer network, which embraces hundred of millions of
users all over the world and helps us to communicate with each other.
The history of Internet began in the United States in 1969. It was a military
experiment, designed to help to survive during a nuclear war, when everything
around might be polluted by radiation and it would be dangerous to get out for any
living being to get some information to anywhere. Information sent over the
Internet takes the shortest and safest path available from one computer to another.
Because of this, any two computers on the net will be able to stay in touch with
each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology was
called packet switching.
Invention of modems, special devices allowing your computer to send the
information through the telephone line, has opened doors to the Internet for
millions of people.
Most of the Internet host computers are in the United
States of America. It is clear that the accurate number of
users can be counted fairly approximately, nobody
knows exactly how many people use the Internet today,
because there are hundred of millions of users and their
number is growing.
Nowadays the most popular Internet service is e-mail.
Most of the people use the network only for sending and
receiving e-mail messages. They can do it either they are at home or in the internet
clubs or at work. Other popular services are available on the Internet too. It is
reading news, available on some dedicated news servers, telnet, FTP servers, etc.
In many countries, the Internet could provide businessmen with a reliable,
alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems its own
system of communications. Commercial users can communicate cheaply over the
Internet with the rest of the world. When they send e-mail messages, they only
have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for international
calls around the world, when you pay a good deal of money.
But saving money is only the first step and
not the last one. There is a commercial use of
this network and it is drastically increasing.
Now you can work through the internet,
gambling and playing through the net.
However, there are some problems. The most
important problem is security. When you
send an e-mail, your message can travel
through many different networks and
computers. The data is constantly being
directed towards its destination by special
computers called routers. Because of this, it is
possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even
change the data being sent over the Internet. But there are many encoding
programs available. Notwith-standing, these programs are not perfect and can
easily be cracked.
Another big and serious problem of the net is control. Yes, there is no effective
control in the^Internet, because a huge amount of information circulating through
the net. It is like a tremendous library and market together. In the future, the
situation might change, but now we have what we have. It could be expressed in
two words— an anarchist's dream.
Vocabulary
network — мережа
to embrace - охоплювати, оточувати
user — юзер, користувач
to design — задумувати, придумувати, розробляти
to survive — вижити
nuclear war - ядерна війна
to pollute — забруднювати
dangerous — небезпечний
path — шлях, маршрут
available — доступний, наявний у розпорядженні, наявний
the net — інтернет, мережа
packet switching — пакетне перемикання
invention — винахід
accurate — точний
to count —рахувати
approximately— приблизно
to receive — одержувати
message — послання
to provide — постачати, доставляти, забезпечувати
reliable — надійний
alternative — альтернативний
provider — провайдер, постачальник
security — безпека
router — маршрутизатор
to intercept — перехопити (сигнал і т.д. )
to encode — кодувати, шифрувати
notwithstanding — проте , однак, все-таки
to crack — зламати
huge — великий, гігантський, величезний
to circulate — пересуватися/рухатися в межах чогось
tremendous — розм. величезний, гігантський
Questions
1. What is the Internet?
2. When and where did the history of Internet begin?
3. Why was the Internet designed?
4. What is modem?
5. Where are most of the Internet host computers?
6. What is the accurate number of internet users?
7. What is the most popular Internet service today?
8. What are other popular services available on the Internet?
9. What is the most important problem of the Internet?
10. Why is there no effective control in the Internet today?
11. Is there a commercial use of the network today?
ІІ. [Link] IN MY LIFE
Computer studies is a subject in many schools.
Many young people have personal computers.
Ninety-six per cent of them are males of all
ages. All of them spend an average of twenty
hours per week on home computers. The
majority of the adults also use computers at
work. About one in three hundred computer
owners, so-called computer addicts, spends almost all his time using computers.
All the computer addicts are very educated. They have been interested in science
and technology from a very early age and they are usually very shy people who
like being alone.
A survey in a school showed that fewer girls are interested in computers because
girls are less likely to have a computer. Even if they have one, they use them less
frequently than boys. Possibly it is because we think of computers as something to
do with maths and science, which are traditionally "male" subjects. Possibly it is
because most of the computer teachers are men, who give the girls less attention.
Possibly parents think it is less important for girls to have computer skills.
Computer addicts love debugging, develop programs and love learning
programming languages. They learnt to communicate with other users through
computer networks and the people they met in school and work think of them as
experts who could help and advise when they had problems with their machines. A
few spend their time "hacking" and one addict left a message on a computer of
Buckingham House. Very few computer addicts play computer games, but many
people use a computer exclusively for games.
Some parents worry about computer games
because they think their children won't be able
to communicate with real people in the real
world. But parents do not need to worry.
According to research computer addicts usually
do well after they have left school. Parents also
do not need to worry that computer addiction
will make their children become unfriendly and
unable to communicate with people. It is not the
computer that makes them shy. In fact, what
they know about computers improves their
social lives. They become experts and others come to them for help and advice.
For most children computer games are a craze. Like any other craze, such as skate-
boarding, the craze is short-lived. It provides harmless fun and a chance to escape.
If we didn't have these computer addicts, we wouldn't have modern technology.
They are the inventors of tomorrow.
Vocabulary
male [meɪl] — чоловік; чоловічий
average ['æv(ə)rɪdʒ] — середній
majority [mə'dʒɔrɪtɪ] — більшість
owner ['əunə] — власник
to addict ['ædikt] — захоплюватися (чимсь); наркоман
survey ['sə:veɪ] — дослідження, огляд, опитування
debugging [di:'bʌgɪŋ] — finding and removing problems in computers and
computer programs — пошук і усунення технічних і програмних неполадок
у комп'ютерах
"hacking" ['hækɪŋ] (gaining access to computers when it is not allowed) —
хакерство (отримання несанкціонованого доступу до комп'ютерів)
to do well — процвітати, досягати успіху
Questions
1. What are computer addicts like?
2. Have you ever used a computer? What do you use it for?
3. Why are computers used?
4. Why are more boys than girls interested in computers ? 3. Is computer addiction
harmful?
[Link] IS DOING IRREPARABLE HARM
"Yes, but what did we use to do before there was
television?" How often we hear statements like
this! Television hasn't been with us all that long,
but we are already beginning to forget what the
world was like without it. Before we admitted the
one-eyed monster into our homes, we never found
it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to
enjoy civilised pleasures. For instance, we used to
have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and
be entertained by them, we used to go outside for
our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events. We even
used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that
belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the "goggle box". We
rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We
have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal,
exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do —
anything providing it doesn't interfere with the programme. The monster demands
and obtains absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to
open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.
Whole generations are growing up addicted to
the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework
undone and sleep is lost. The telly is a universal
pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother
to keep the children quiet by putting them in the
living-room and turning on the set. It doesn't
matter that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism
and violence — so long as they are quiet.
Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand
experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working. Little by
little, television cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend
a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world
itself. Television may be a splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us
from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally
irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the
mountains, far away from civilisation in quiet, natural surroundings. We quickly
discover then how little we miss the hypnotic tyranny of King Telly.
Vocabulary
to admit [əd'mɪt] — впускати
to occupy ['ɔkjupaɪ] — займати
goggle [ gɔgl] box — розм. телевізор
to gulp [gʌlp] — проковтнути; квапливо ковтати (їжу)
to dare [dɛə] — наважуватися, насмілюватися
rubbishy ['rʌbɪʃɪ] — нікчемний; поганий; нікудишній, убогий
to prevent from [prɪ'vent] — перешкоджати, не допускати