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DEFINITION OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (AM):
Additive Manufacturing refers to a group of technologies that create three-dimensional objects by
adding material layer by layer. Unlike traditional manufacturing methods that involve cutting away
material (subtractive processes), AM builds up the object from scratch.
Imagine constructing a sculpture by stacking tiny layers of clay or building a sandcastle by adding
one grain of sand at a time.
TERMINOLOGY IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING:
CAD (Computer-Aided Design): The process of creating a digital 3D model using specialized
software. Engineers, architects, and designers use CAD to design everything from buildings to
intricate machine parts.
STL (Stereolithography): A common file format used in 3D printing. It describes the geometry of
the 3D model as a collection of triangles.
AMF (Additive Manufacturing File Format): A more advanced file format that includes additional
information beyond geometry, such as color and material properties.
Build Platform: The surface where the 3D printer constructs the object.
Layer Thickness: The thickness of each layer added during printing.
Support Structures: Temporary structures added to support overhanging parts of the design during
printing.
Post-Processing: Finishing steps like sanding, painting, or curing to enhance the final product.
GENERIC AM PROCESS CHAIN:
The AM process involves several steps, which can be summarized as follows:
Conceptualization: Define what you want to create. This could be a new product, a replacement part,
or even a custom jewelry piece.
CAD Design: Use specialized software to create a 3D model of your idea. Think of it as digital
sculpting.
Conversion to STL/AMF: Export your CAD model into an STL or AMF file format. These files
contain the geometric information needed for printing.
3. UV Light Source: Laser or projector emitting UV light.
4. Layer Formation: UV light selectively cures the resin layer by layer.
5. Object Completion: After all layers are cured, the finished part is removed from the vat.
The file format for additive manufacturing is STL
Input material of resin is Photopolymer
Stereolithography (SLA) in additive manufacturing process needs post processing
CAD software applied for additive manufacturing
CNC machines involved for manufacturing prototyping by subtractive process.
VAT PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION PROCESSES: VECTOR SCAN
Explanation:
In vat photopolymerization processes, vector scan is a technique used to solidify liquid resin into
desired shapes using light. It involves precisely directing a laser or other light source to solidify the
resin layer by layer, forming the final object.
Working Principle:
The working principle of vector scan involves controlling the movement of the light source along
specific paths determined by digital instructions. These paths trace the shape of each layer of the
object being printed. When the light hits the liquid resin, it initiates a chemical reaction that causes
the resin to solidify, thus forming the desired shape.
Materials Used:
- Software: CAD software for designing the digital model.
- File Format: STL (Stereolithography) or similar formats used for 3D models.
- Machines/Tools: 3D printers equipped with a vat containing liquid resin and a light source,
typically a laser.
Process Flow:
1. Design: Create a digital model of the object using CAD software.
2. Slicing: Slice the digital model into thin layers using slicing software.
3. Preparation: Fill the vat of the 3D printer with liquid resin.