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RDF Turtle Serialization Explained

The document is a lecture on Basic Semantic Technologies, specifically focusing on RDF Turtle Serialization. It covers various RDF serialization formats, including Turtle, and explains how to represent data using RDF with examples. The lecture also discusses the use of prefixes, typed literals, and multi-valued relations in RDF Turtle notation.

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Chatelia Dyah P
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12 views18 pages

RDF Turtle Serialization Explained

The document is a lecture on Basic Semantic Technologies, specifically focusing on RDF Turtle Serialization. It covers various RDF serialization formats, including Turtle, and explains how to represent data using RDF with examples. The lecture also discusses the use of prefixes, typed literals, and multi-valued relations in RDF Turtle notation.

Uploaded by

Chatelia Dyah P
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.

0)

Knowledge Graphs
Lecture 2 - Basic Semantic Technologies
2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam


FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure
AIFB - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Autumn 2020

Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Knowledge Graphs
Lecture 2: Basic Semantic Technologies

2.1 How to Identify and Access Things


2.2 How to Represent Simple Facts with RDF
2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization
2.4 RDF Complex Data Structures
2.5 Model Building with RDFS
2.6 Logical Inference with RDF(S)
Excursion 1: RDFa - RDF and the Web

Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2. Basic Semantic Technologies / 2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

Basic Architecture of the Web of Data

RDF communication
HTTP
WEB
of Data
reference address

URI

<3>3
[1]
Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
#Lectures4Future

Resource
Description
Framework

Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology [2]
2. Basic Semantic Technologies / 2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

RDF Serializations

● RDF comes with several different serialization formats:


○ N-Triples, RDF/XML, JSON, Turtle, TriG, N-Quads, RDFa, ...

N-Triples Turtle JSON-LD

RDF/XML TriG

We will use N-Quads


RDF/Turtle

extended by
support for multiple graphs
5
Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2. Basic Semantic Technologies / 2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

RDF Serializations

<[Link] "1824"
<[Link]

<[Link]
<[Link]

● N-Triples Notation
○ URIs/IRIs in angle brackets
○ Literals in quotation marks
○ Triple ends with a period

<[Link] <[Link] "1824" .

<[Link] <[Link]
<[Link] .

6
Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2. Basic Semantic Technologies / 2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

RDF Serializations

<[Link] "1824"
<[Link]

<[Link]
<[Link]

● Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language) Notation


○ extension of N-Triples
RDF/Turtle allows
shortcurts and
@prefix dbo: <[Link] .
@base <[Link] .
abbreviations for
readability
<Greenhouse_effect> dbo:discoveredIn "1824" .

<Greenhouse_effect> dbo:discoverer <Joseph_Fourier> .

7
Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2. Basic Semantic Technologies / 2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

RDF/Turtle

<[Link] "1824"
<[Link]

<[Link]
<[Link]

● starting with N-Triples


<[Link] <[Link] "1824" .

<[Link] <[Link]
<[Link] .

@prefix dbo: <[Link] . @prefix directive associates prefix-label with URI


@base <[Link] .

<Greenhouse_effect> dbo:discoveredIn "1824" . @base directive provides URI to complement all


<Greenhouse_effect> dbo:discoverer <Joseph_Fourier> . relative URIs

8
Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2. Basic Semantic Technologies / 2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

RDF/Turtle

<[Link] "1824"
<[Link]

<[Link]
<[Link]

● Abbreviating RDF Triples in Turtle

@prefix dbo: <[Link] . semicolon indicates that subsequent


@base <[Link] . triples have the same subject
(predicate list)
<Greenhouse_effect> dbo:discoveredIn "1824" ;
dbo:discoverer <Joseph_Fourier> .

9
Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2. Basic Semantic Technologies / 2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

RDF/Turtle

dct:subject
[Link] [Link]

dct:subject

dct:subject [Link]

● Abbreviating RDF Triples in Turtle


[Link]
on

@prefix dct: <[Link] .


@prefix dbc: <[Link] .
comma indicates that subsequent
@base <[Link] .
triples have same subject and property
<Greenhouse_effect> dct:subject dbc:Athmosphere , (object list)
dbc:Climate_change ,
dbc:Athmospheric_radiation .

10
Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2. Basic Semantic Technologies / 2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

RDF/Turtle
dbo:sublimationTemperature
[Link] "-78.5"^^xsd:double

dbo:molarMass

"44.009"^^xsd:double

dbo:discovered
rdfs:label
● Typed Literals
"1640-00-00"^^xsd:date

@prefix dbo: <[Link] .


@prefix xsd: <[Link] .
@prefix rdfs: <[Link] . "Carbon Dioxide"@en

@base <[Link] .

<Carbon_Dioxide> dbo:sublimationTemperature "-78.5"^^xsd:double ;


dbo:molarMass "44.009"^^xsd:double ;
dbo:discovered "1640-00-00"^^xsd:date ;
rdfs:label "Carbon Dioxide"@en . ….@id
11
Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2. Basic Semantic Technologies / 2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

RDF/Turtle

dbo:discoverer
Carbon_Dioxide Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont

dbo:discoveredIn

"1640-00-00"^^xsd:date

● Multi Valued Relations dbo:discoverer

○ CO2 was discovered / rediscovered


by two scientists at different times. dbo:discoveredIn
Joseph_Black

○ How to model this in RDF?


○ Problem: unique association "1750-00-00"^^xsd:date

12
Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2. Basic Semantic Technologies / 2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

RDF/Turtle

dbo:discoverer
Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont
dbo:discovery
Carbon_Dioxide
dbo:discoveredIn

"1640-00-00"^^xsd:date
dbo:discovery

● Multi Valued Relations dbo:discoverer


Joseph_Black
○ Blank Nodes (Bnodes) can be
introduced to represent multi- dbo:discoveredIn

valued relationships. "1750-00-00"^^xsd:date

○ Blank Nodes can be introduced


for resources that don‘t need a
name (auxiliary nodes).
13
Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2. Basic Semantic Technologies / 2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

RDF/Turtle

dbo:discoverer
Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont

dbo:discoveredIn

"1640-00-00"^^xsd:date

@prefix dbo: <[Link] .


@prefix xsd: <[Link] .
@base <[Link] .

[] dbo:discoverer <Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont> ;
dbo:discoveredIn "1640-00-00"^^xsd:date .

anonymous blank node as subject

14
Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2. Basic Semantic Technologies / 2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

RDF/Turtle

dbo:discoverer
Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont
dbo:discovery
Carbon_Dioxide
dbo:discoveredIn

"1640-00-00"^^xsd:date
dbo:discovery

dbo:discoverer
Joseph_Black
@prefix dbo: <[Link] .
@prefix xsd: <[Link] . dbo:discoveredIn
@base <[Link] .
"1750-00-00"^^xsd:date
<Carbon_Dioxide> dbo:discovery [ dbo:discoverer <Jean_Baptist_van_Helmont> ;
dbo:discoveredIn "1640-00-00"^^xsd:date
] ,
[ dbo:discoverer <Joseph_Black> ; nested
dbo:discoveredIn "1750-00-00"^^xsd:date anonymous blank
] .
nodes
15
Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2. Basic Semantic Technologies / 2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

RDF/Turtle

dbo:discoverer
Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont
dbo:discovery
Carbon_Dioxide ID1
dbo:discoveredIn

"1640-00-00"^^xsd:date
dbo:discovery

dbo:discoverer
@prefix dbo: <[Link] . ID2 Joseph_Black

@prefix xsd: <[Link] .


@base <[Link] . dbo:discoveredIn

<Carbon_Dioxide> dbo:discovery _:ID1, _:ID2 . "1750-00-00"^^xsd:date

_:ID1 dbo:discoverer <Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont> ;


dbo:discoveredIn "1640-00-00"^^xsd:date .
dereferenceable blank nodes
_:ID2 dbo:discoverer <John_Black> ; can only be referenced from
dbo:discoveredIn "1750-00-00"^^xsd:date . inside a document / graph
16
Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
x D a ta
o m p l e
R DF C es
r uc t u r
S t
Next Lecture...
Information Sertvice Engineering , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Maria Koutraki, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
[3]
Knowledge Graphs
2. Basic Semantic Technologies / 2.3 RDF Turtle Serialization

Picture References:
● [1] Benjamin Nowack, The Semantic Web - Not a Piece of cake…, at [Link], 2009-07-08 , [CC BY 3.0]
[Link]

● [2] The Green House Effect, A loose necktie [CC BY-SA]


[Link]

● [3] The British Museum: the reading room under construction. Wood engraving by J. Brown after C. W. Sheeres, 1855.,
The Wellcome Collection, [CC-BY-4.0]
[Link]

Knowledge Graphs 2020 , Prof. Dr. Harald Sack & Dr. Mehwish Alam, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure & Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

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