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CHEM 121 Assignment 2 Answer Key Template

The document is an answer key template for a CHEM 121 assignment consisting of five questions, three from a midterm and two from previous midterms, focusing on concepts from Chapter 5. Students are required to provide detailed rationales and show all work for questions involving molecular dipole moments, resonance structures, quantum states, ion identification, and wavefunction analysis. The assignment emphasizes independent work and understanding of the material without external resources.

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Kerui Ban
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13 views5 pages

CHEM 121 Assignment 2 Answer Key Template

The document is an answer key template for a CHEM 121 assignment consisting of five questions, three from a midterm and two from previous midterms, focusing on concepts from Chapter 5. Students are required to provide detailed rationales and show all work for questions involving molecular dipole moments, resonance structures, quantum states, ion identification, and wavefunction analysis. The assignment emphasizes independent work and understanding of the material without external resources.

Uploaded by

Kerui Ban
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHEM 121 Assignment 2: Answer Key Template

Use this template to create an answer key for the following five questions, three of which are from
your first midterm. The other two questions are from previous midterms and cover Chapter 5 content
as a way to keep you on top of the content you have learned.

You must provide a rationale for why you chose options A, B, C, D, or E for Question 1. This
rationale can also include why you removed possible answers (i.e. showing the process of
elimination). You must write out the answers to long form Questions 2– 5 while showing all of your
work. The goal is to provide your full thought process when answering the questions so that another
student can understand why you think that is the correct answer. You may use any of your class
notes, Assignment 1, or the ChIRP to help you arrive at your answer. We ask that you work on this
alone (just like in an exam setting).

1. Which of the following molecules is predicted to have the largest overall dipole moment? In each
species, sulfur is the central atom.
(a) SO2
(b) SO3
(c) SO2F2
(d) SNBr
(e) SF6
2. The skeletal structure of the [Se3N2]2+ ion is shown to the right. Draw
FOUR chemically reasonable resonance structures for [Se3N2]2+ on the
templates below. Show all lone pairs of electrons as pairs of dots and all
bonds as lines. Write any non-zero formal charges on the appropriate atoms.
3. The graph to the right shows the relative values of the lowest energy
change (∆E) permitted to promote an electron from one state to another in
each of five one-dimensional boxes with different lengths. The energy
changes (∆E) for each box are labelled on the graph in order of increasing
magnitude (Box I < Box II < Box III < Box IV < Box V) using a linear scale.
(a) Which box is the longest?

(b) What are the initial and final quantum states?

(c) If the lengths of the two longest boxes are 1000 nm and 500 nm, respectively, what is the
length of the shortest box in this set of five boxes? Show all your work. No marks will be given
if work is not shown.
4. When the electron occupies the 3s orbital of a particular one-electron species, it has an energy of
-1.19 x 10-17 J. Identify the ion.
5. Below are the parts of the wavefunction ψ (r,θ,φ) describing an orbital in the hydrogen atom. The
relationships between spherical polar and Cartesian coordinates are shown on the data page. Use
these functions to answer the following questions (parts a – d).

This question comes from a past midterm exam and should be answered without reference to the
ChIRP or other online resources. We ask that you try this question without the ChIRP. You may only
use the Data Sheet provided with all exams.

3
Υ (θ , φ ) = sin θ cos φ radial angular
4π
3
1 Z  2
R(r ) =   (4 − σ )σe −σ 2 radial angular
9 6  ao 
2Zr
where σ =
nao

(a) Select the radial and angular parts of ψ(r,θ,φ) by circling the answer to the right of each
equation.

(b) Which part of the wavefunction defines the orientation and shape of the orbital?

Y(θ,φ) R(r) (Circle the correct answer)

(c) This orbital has one angular node (i.e. nodal plane). Sketch a cross section of this orbital.
Indicate the phases of the wavefunction with "+" and "-".

(d) Which orbital is it? For credit you must explain how you arrived at your answer.

Common questions

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To determine resonance structures for [Se3N2]2+, you must consider electron delocalization and formal charge distribution across selenium and nitrogen atoms. Resonance structures involve different possible arrangements of pi electrons while maintaining atom positions, often converting lone pairs into double bonds or vice versa. Formal charges help identify the most stable structures, favoring those where charges are minimized or equally distributed, maintaining the ion's overall charge. In [Se3N2]2+, ensuring that more electronegative atoms like nitrogen bear negative charges when possible is preferred .

The orientation and shape of the orbital are influenced by the angular part of the wavefunction Y(θ,φ). Identifying the orbital involves acknowledging nodes and phases. For example, an orbital having one angular node hints at a p orbital. Examining the function's symmetry and matching it with known orbital shapes (spherical for s, dumbell for p, etc.) confirms identity. In this case, a single angular node and a particular shape-phasing suggests a specific p orbital, possibly p_x, p_y, or p_z, depending on phase orientation .

The length of a box is inversely related to the energy levels' spacing. If boxes I, II, III, IV, and V have increasing energy intervals ∆E, then using the relation ∆E ∝ 1/L^2, the length of the shortest box (Box V) will have the greatest ∆E. Given the longest box (Box I) is 1000 nm and the second-longest (Box II) is 500 nm, you calculate the ratio of lengths based on the inverse square root of energy differences, identifying trends in ∆E from the graph. Empirical deduction or additional data points allow calculation of Box V’s exact length through proportional reasoning or deriving from available data .

The molecule predicted to have the largest overall dipole moment is SO2F2. In SO2, the dipole moments from the two sulfur-oxygen bonds are slightly canceled due to the bent shape, but still significant. SO3 is nonpolar due to its symmetrical trigonal planar shape, leading to a net dipole of zero. SF6 also has a net dipole of zero because of its octahedral symmetry. SNBr could have a dipole due to its linear shape but less than SO2F2. SO2F2's asymmetrical structure means dipole moments from its fluorine and oxygen atoms don't completely cancel, resulting in the largest dipole among these molecules .

To identify the ion, use the energy of the 3s orbital -1.19 x 10^-17 J, which indicates the potential energy level of the electron in a hydrogen-like ion. Apply the formula E_n = -Z²(13.6 eV)/(n²) where n is the principal quantum number (here n=3), converting to joules. Solving for Z, the effective nuclear charge, allows determination of the ion's identity, likely a hydrogen-like ion where Z is tuned to match observed energy .

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