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AngularJS Filters, Services, and Events Guide

The document outlines various features of AngularJS, including filters for data transformation, services for application functionality, event handling, and form validation. It describes built-in services like $location, $http, $timeout, and $interval, as well as how to create custom services. Additionally, it explains how to utilize event directives and perform client-side form validation with HTML5 attributes.

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vinayak.nikkam20
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10 views7 pages

AngularJS Filters, Services, and Events Guide

The document outlines various features of AngularJS, including filters for data transformation, services for application functionality, event handling, and form validation. It describes built-in services like $location, $http, $timeout, and $interval, as well as how to create custom services. Additionally, it explains how to utilize event directives and perform client-side form validation with HTML5 attributes.

Uploaded by

vinayak.nikkam20
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

AngularJS provides filters to transform data:

• currency Format a number to a currency format.


• date Format a date to a specified format.
• filter Select a subset of items from an array.
• json Format an object to a JSON string.
• limitTo Limits an array/string, into a specified number of
elements/characters.
• lowercase Format a string to lower case.
• number Format a number to a string.
• orderBy Orders an array by an expression.
• uppercase Format a string to upper case.

Ex.

Adding Filters to Expressions


Filters can be added to expressions by using the pipe character |, followed
by a filter.

The uppercase filter format strings to upper case:

<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="personCtrl">

<p>The name is {{ lastName | uppercase }}</p>

</div>

The lowercase filter format strings to lower case:

<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="personCtrl">

<p>The name is {{ lastName | lowercase }}</p>

</div>
AngularJS Services
In AngularJS you can make your own service, or use one of the many
built-in services.

What is a Service?
In AngularJS, a service is a function, or object, that is available for, and
limited to, your AngularJS application.

AngularJS has about 30 built-in services. One of them is


the $location service.

The $location service has methods which return information about the
location of the current web page:

Example
Use the $location service in a controller:

var app = [Link]('myApp', []);


[Link]('customersCtrl', function($scope, $location) {
$[Link] = $[Link]();
});

Note that the $location service is passed in to the controller as an argument. In


order to use the service in the controller, it must be defined as a dependency.

Why use Services?


For many services, like the $location service, it seems like you could use
objects that are already in the DOM, like the [Link] object, and
you could, but it would have some limitations, at least for your AngularJS
application.
AngularJS constantly supervises your application, and for it to handle
changes and events properly, AngularJS prefers that you use
the $location service instead of the [Link] object.

The $http Service


The $http service is one of the most common used services in AngularJS
applications. The service makes a request to the server, and lets your
application handle the response.

Use the $http service to request data from the server:

var app = [Link]('myApp', []);


[Link]('myCtrl', function($scope, $http) {
$[Link]("[Link]").then(function (response) {
$[Link] = [Link];
});
});

This example demonstrates a very simple use of the $http service.

The $timeout Service


The $timeout service is AngularJS' version of
the [Link] function.

Example
Display a new message after two seconds:

var app = [Link]('myApp', []);


[Link]('myCtrl', function($scope, $timeout) {
$[Link] = "Hello World!";
$timeout(function () {
$[Link] = "How are you today?";
}, 2000);
});
The $interval Service
The $interval service is AngularJS' version of
the [Link] function.

Example
Display the time every second:

var app = [Link]('myApp', []);


[Link]('myCtrl', function($scope, $interval) {
$[Link] = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
$interval(function () {
$[Link] = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
}, 1000);
});

Create Your Own Service


To create your own service, connect your service to the module:

Create a service named hexafy:

[Link]('hexafy', function() {
[Link] = function (x) {
return [Link](16);
}
});

To use your custom made service, add it as a dependency when defining the
controller:
AngularJS Events
You can add AngularJS event listeners to your HTML elements by using one
or more of these directives:

• ng-blur
• ng-change
• ng-click
• ng-copy
• ng-cut
• ng-dblclick
• ng-focus
• ng-keydown
• ng-keypress
• ng-keyup
• ng-mousedown
• ng-mouseenter
• ng-mouseleave
• ng-mousemove
• ng-mouseover
• ng-mouseup
• ng-paste

The event directives allows us to run AngularJS functions at certain user


events.

An AngularJS event will not overwrite an HTML event, both events will be
executed.

Mouse Events
Mouse events occur when the cursor moves over an element, in this order:

1. ng-mouseover
2. ng-mouseenter
3. ng-mousemove
4. ng-mouseleave

Or when a mouse button is clicked on an element, in this order:


1. ng-mousedown
2. ng-mouseup
3. ng-click

You can add mouse events on any HTML element.

Example
Increase the count variable when the mouse moves over the H1 element:

<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl">

<h1 ng-mousemove="count = count + 1">Mouse over me!</h1>

<h2>{{ count }}</h2>

</div>
<script>
var app = [Link]('myApp', []);
[Link]('myCtrl', function($scope) {
$[Link] = 0;
});
</script>

Form Validation
AngularJS offers client-side form validation.

AngularJS monitors the state of the form and input fields (input, textarea,
select), and lets you notify the user about the current state.

AngularJS also holds information about whether they have been touched, or
modified, or not.

You can use standard HTML5 attributes to validate input, or you can make
your own validation functions.

Client-side validation cannot alone secure user input. Server side validation is also
necessary.
Required
Use the HTML5 attribute required to specify that the input field must be
filled out:

Example
The input field is required:

<form name="myForm">
<input name="myInput" ng-model="myInput" required>
</form>

<p>The input's valid state is:</p>


<h1>{{[Link].$valid}}</h1>

E-mail
Use the HTML5 type email to specify that the value must be an e-mail:

Example
The input field has to be an e-mail:

<form name="myForm">
<input name="myInput" ng-model="myInput" type="email">
</form>

<p>The input's valid state is:</p>


<h1>{{[Link].$valid}}</h1>

Common questions

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Event directives in AngularJS allow the binding of Angular functions to user interactions with HTML elements, offering dynamic responses to events like clicks and keypresses. They complement existing HTML events without overwriting them; both AngularJS and HTML events can run sequentially. This separation adds modularity and clarity to code, facilitating the interactive capabilities of an application while maintaining compatibility with traditional event handling .

The $timeout service in AngularJS executes a function after a specified delay, similar to window.setTimeout, ideal for changes that happen once after a delay. For example, updating a header message after a two-second delay. In contrast, the $interval service executes a function repeatedly at specified time intervals, akin to window.setInterval, suitable for tasks like updating the current time display every second. These services improve timing operations by integrating seamlessly with AngularJS's two-way data binding .

Custom services in AngularJS are created by defining a service within a module using the .service() method, providing a function or object. This service can be injected as a dependency in a controller. For instance, a service named 'hexafy' converts numbers to hexadecimal using 'this.myFunc'. This custom service is then added as a dependency when defining controllers, allowing modular functionality and separation of concerns within the application .

AngularJS's form validation is crucial in web applications because it provides real-time feedback to users about form input errors, improving the user interface and experience. Angular monitors states such as 'touched' or 'modified', informing users of issues before submission, thus reducing server load by catching errors early. While client-side validation enhances user interaction, it must be complemented by server-side validation for security and data integrity, since client-side checks can be bypassed .

The ng-repeat directive is instrumental in rendering lists by repeating a set of HTML for each item in an array. It efficiently displays collections of data, integrates tightly with AngularJS's two-way data binding, and dynamically updates the DOM in response to model changes. ng-repeat maintains AngularJS's declarative nature, making data presentation straightforward and logical, crucial for applications relying heavily on iterative data .

AngularJS filters transform data within expressions by applying a chain of operations directly in templates, enhancing data presentation and usability. Filters use the pipe character (|) followed by the filter name, allowing sequential transformation. For instance, '{{ lastName | uppercase }}' converts a string to uppercase, and '{{ amount | currency }}' formats a number as currency. Filters offer a declarative way to alter output without altering data models, streamlining view logic .

The $location service is preferred within AngularJS applications because it allows AngularJS to properly supervise the application, handling changes and events in ways the window.location object cannot. Using $location integrates changes seamlessly with Angular's two-way data binding, maintaining the application's responsiveness and ensuring smooth synchronization between the application's state and the URL .

The ngModel directive in AngularJS underpins two-way data binding, synchronizing the view with the model in real time, crucial for forms where user input dynamically updates application state. It allows validation by integrating with directives and attributes that check for patterns, lengths, and other criteria (e.g., 'required', 'type=email'). This directive enables real-time feedback on user input, improving data integrity and user experience, while maintaining a decoupled architecture .

Filters in AngularJS enhance data presentation by transforming data in a template view without changing the underlying data. Examples include the 'uppercase' filter, which formats strings to upper case (<p>The name is {{ lastName | uppercase }}</p>), and the 'currency' filter, which formats a number to a currency format. Filters can be chained using the pipe character (|), allowing multiple transformations sequentially .

AngularJS event directives are advantageous over traditional JavaScript event handling as they seamlessly integrate with AngularJS's data binding and scope management. This integration allows for more organized and readable code, as event logic resides within the application structure. Events such as mouse movements or key presses are easily bound to model changes, ensuring that the user interface remains consistently updated, reducing boilerplate code and enhancing reusability .

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