HANOI UNIVERSITY
TRƯỜNG OF SCIENCE
ĐẠI HỌC ANDHÀ
BÁCH KHOA TECHNOLOGY
NỘI
SCHOOL OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNITCATION TECHNOLOGY
UNIT 1
BASIC CONCEPTS
Department of Computer Engineering
❑ Contents
1. Concepts and Classification of Signals
2. Signal Processing Systems
3. Digital Signal Processing
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❑ Learning Objectives
After studying this lesson, you will be able to:
▪ Understand basic concepts of signals and systems.
▪ Classify continuous-time and discrete-time signals.
▪ Distinguish between analog and digital signals.
▪ Know the methods of digital signal processing.
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1. Concepts and Classification of Signals.
● Signals are the physical manifestation of information.
● Mathematically, a signal is a function of one or more independent variables.
● The independent variable commonly encountered is time.
● For instance, an example of a signal is the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal.
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Signals are often in complex form
● In some cases, it is impossible to determine the mathematical function
representing a signal.
● For instance, speech signals cannot be represented by a mathematical function.
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Analog and Discrete Signals.
● Considering the case where the signal is a function of time:
● Analog signal: both amplitude (function) and time (variable) are continuous. For
example: 𝑥(𝑡)
● Digital signal: amplitude is continuous, but time is discrete. For example: 𝑥(𝑛)
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Digital signal
Continuous Time Discrete Time
Analog signal Discrete signal
Continuous
Amplitude
Discrete
Amplitude
Quantized signal Digital signal
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2. Signal processing system
● A system is a physical device that performs a signal processing operation.
● A system can also be software that performs a signal processing operation
Audio amplifier system PHOTOSHOP
● Signal processing: Transmitting signals through the system
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3. Digital signal processing
Analog Analog signal Analog
signal processing signal
Digital
signal
Sampling & Digital signal Digital-to-
Analog Analog
signal
Analog-to-Digital processing Analog signal
Converter Converter
ADC DSP DAC
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Advantages of digital signal processing
● Ability to process signals automatically using digital devices such as computers
● Ability to store and backup signal data in digital format
● Digital signal processing systems, when mass-produced, have consistent
processing quality and do not degrade over time.
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4. Summary
● Signals can be classified into continuous-time, discrete-time, quantized, and
digital signals.
● Digital signal processing: ADC, DSP, DAC
● The signal digital processing methods have several advantages such as
automation, backup, and consistent processing quality.
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5. Assignment
● Let’s study a type of analog signal that is processed digitally in practice.
● Write a report describing the characteristics and principles of digitizing this type
of signal.
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The next unit
2
ANALOG - TO - DIGITAL CONVERSION
References:
• Nguyễn Quốc Trung (2008), Xử lý tín hiệu và lọc số, Tập 1, Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ
thuật, Chương 1 Tín hiệu và hệ thống rời rạc.
• J.G. Proakis, D.G. Manolakis (2007), Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms, and
Applications, 4th Ed, Prentice Hall, Chapter 1 Introduction.
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SCHOOL OF INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Wishing you all the best in your studies!
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