B.
1: Thermal Energy Transfers Prepared by/
Mohamed Abdelghaffar
Try This…
How much heat is needed to transform 1.4 kg of water at 23°C into water vapor at 120 °C?
Specific Heat of Water Vapor 2000 J kg-1 K-1
Specific Heat of Water 4180 J kg-1 K-1
Latent Heat of Fusion 334,000 J kg-1
Latent Heat of Vaporization 2,260,000 J kg-1
Suggest why the
specific latent heat
for vaporization is
greater than that
for melting.
Why is contact of
the skin with steam
at 100°C more
dangerous than
contact with boiling
water at 100 °C?
A hot body is brought into contact with a colder
body until their temperatures are the same.
Assume that no other bodies are nearby.
a) Discuss whether the energy lost by one
body is equal to the energy gained by the
other.
A hot body is brought into contact with a colder
body until their temperatures are the same.
Assume that no other bodies are nearby.
a) Discuss whether the temperature drop of
one body is equal to the temperature rise of
the other.
a) A body of mass 0.150 kg has its temperature increased by 5.00°C when
385J of energy is provided to it. Calculate the body’s specific heat capacity.
b) Another body of mass 0.150kg has its temperature increased by 5.00K when 385J
of energy is provided to it. Calculate this body’s specific heat capacity.
A calorimeter of mass 90g and specific heat capacity 420 J kg-1 K-1 contains 310 g
of a liquid at 15.0 °C. An electric heater rated at 20.0W warms the liquid to 19.0 °C
in 3.0 min. Assuming there are no energy losses to the surroundings, estimate the
specific heat capacity of the liquid.
A car of mass 1360 kg descends from a hill of height 86 m at a constant speed . Assuming
that all of the gravitational potential energy lost by the car goes into heating the brakes,
estimate the rise in the temperature of the brakes. (it takes 16 kJ of energy to increase the
temperature of the brake drums by 1 K; ignore any energy losses to the surroundings.)
A radiator made out of a metal of specific heat capacity 450 J kg-1 K-1 has a mass of
45.0 kg and is filled with 23.0 kg of water of specific heat capacity 4200 J kg-1 K-1.
a) Determine the energy required to raise the temperature of the radiator-water
system by 1K.
A radiator made out of a metal of specific heat capacity 450 J kg-1 K-1 has a mass of
45.0 kg and is filled with 23.0 kg of water of specific heat capacity 4200 J kg-1 K-1.
b) If energy is provided to the radiator at the rate of 450W, calculate how long it will
take for the temperature to increase by 20.0°C.
How much ice at -10°C must be dropped into an aluminum cup containing 300g of water at
20°C in order for the temperature of the water to be reduced to 10°C? The cup itself has a
mass of 150 g and specific heat capacity 800 J kg-1 K-1. Assume that no energy is lost to the
surroundings.
The surface of a pond of area 20 m2 is covered by ice of uniform thickness 6.0 cm.
The temperature of the ice is −𝟓. 𝟎°𝑪. Calculate how much energy is required to
melt this amount of ice into water at 0°𝑪. (Take the density of ice to be 900 kg m-3).
Radiation from the sun falls on the frozen surface of a pond at a rate of 600
W m-2. The ice temperature is 0°C.
a) Calculate how long it will take to melt a 1.0cm thick layer of ice. (Take the
density of ice to be 900 kg m-3).
Radiation from the sun falls on the frozen surface of a pond at a rate of 600
W m-2. The ice temperature is 0°C.
b) Suggest why the actual mass of ice that melts is less than your answer to a.
Calculate how much energy is required to warm 1.0 kg of ice initially at -10°C
to ice at 0°C.
Calculate how much energy is needed to melt the ice at 0°C.
Calculate how much energy is required to further increase the temperature
of the water from 0°C to 10°C.
Ice at 0°C is added to 1.0 kg of water at 20°C, cooling it down to 10°C.
Determine how much ice was added.
A quantity of 100g of ice at 0°C and 50g of steam at 100°C are added to a
container that has 150 g water at 30°C. Determine the final temperature.
Ignore the container itself in your calculations.
Steam at 100°C is mixed with 200 g of ice at 0°C to produce water at 50°. What
is the mass of steam required?
Two bodies (same mass and initial temperature) are dropped into two identical
containers filled with water. The mass and temperature of the water in both containers is
the same. The graphs in Figure 7.9 show the cooling curves of the two bodies.
Which body has higher specific heat capacity?