Solution

ASSIGNMENT 1
Q.1. The winning scores in the U.S. Masters golf tournament in the years from 1999 to
2008 were as follows:
280, 278, 272, 276, 281, 279, 276, 281, 289, 280
Find the sample mean of these scores.
Solution
∑ 𝑥 2792
𝑋̅ = = = 279.2
𝑛 10

Q.2. The following is a frequency table giving the ages of members of a symphony
orchestra for young adults.

Find the sample mean of the ages of the 54 members of the symphony.
Solution
X f fX
15 2 30
16 5 80
17 11 187
18 9 162
19 14 266
20 13 260
SUM 54 985
∑ 𝑓𝑋 985
𝑋̅ = = = 18.2407
∑𝑓 54

Q.3. A random sample of 29 students were asked to estimate the average number of
hours they spent per week studying outside of class. Also their eye color and the
number of pets they owned was recorded. The results are given below

Student Gender # Hours # Dress # Pets

s studying Color

1 MALE 10 White 1
2 FEMALE 7 Black 0

3 MALE 15 Brown 3

4 FEMALE 20 Grey 1

5 MALE 40 White 2

6 MALE 25 Blue 1

7 MALE 22 Black 0

8 MALE 13 Blue 5

9 FEMALE 12 White 4

10 MALE 21 Brown 3

11 MALE 16 Black 1

12 MALE 22 White 1

13 FEMALE 25 Blue 1

14 MALE 30 Yellow 2

15 MALE 29 Green 3

16 MALE 25 Brown 5

17 MALE 27 White 4

18 MALE 15 Black 2

19 MALE 14 Black 2

20 FEMALE 17 Brown 1

21 MALE 20 Green 0

22 MALE 17 Yellow 0

23 MALE 10 Grey 1

24 FEMALE 18 White 2

25 MALE 22 Black 2
 26 MALE 15 Black 3

27 FEMALE 14 Grey 0

28 MALE 16 Yellow 0

29 FEMALE 25 Brown 1

a. Construct frequency distribution for # Hours studying.

Column1

Mean 19.37931034
Standard Error 1.319999434
Median 18
Mode 25
Standard Deviation 7.108414496
Sample Variance 50.52955665
Kurtosis 1.092644129
Skewness 0.767808832
Range 33
Minimum 7
Maximum 40
Sum 562
Count 29
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 40 − 7 = 33
𝑘 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 1 + 3.3 log(𝑁)
𝑘 = 1 + 3.3 log(29) = 5.82~6
𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 33
ℎ = 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 = = = 5.5~6
𝑘 6
LCL UCL Bin Frequency
7 12 12 4
13 18 18 11
19 24 24 6
25 30 30 7
31 36 36 0
37 42 42 1
More 0

b. Construct percentage frequency distribution for dress colors of students.

Row Labels Count of # Dress Percentage

color (f) frequency
Black 7 7
× 100 = 24.137
29
Blue 3 10.3448
 Brown 5 17.2413
Green 2 6.8965
Grey 3 10.3448
White 6 20.6896
Yellow 3 10.3448
Grand Total 29

c. Construct relative frequency distribution for # pets of students.

Row Labels Count of # Relative
Pets (f) frequency
0 6 6
= 0.2069
29
1 9 0.3103
2 6 0.2069
3 4 0.1379
4 2 0.0689
5 2 0.0689
Grand Total 29

d. Draw histogram for # Hours studying.

e. Draw bar chart for dress colors of students, categorized by male and female.
Count of Column Labels
Gender
Row Labels Black Blue Brown Green Grey White Yellow (blank) Grand
Total
FEMALE 1 1 2 2 2 8
MALE 6 2 3 2 1 4 3 21
(blank)
Grand Total 7 3 5 2 3 6 3 29
f. Construct less than cumulative distribution for # hours studying.

LCL UCL Frequency LCB UCB Cumulative

frequency
7 12 4 6.5 12.5 4
13 18 11 12.5 18.5 4+11=15
19 24 6 18.5 24.5 15+6=21
25 30 7 24.5 30.5 21+7=28
31 36 0 30.5 36.5 28+0=28
37 42 1 36.5 42.5 28+1=29

Less than cumulative frequency Distribution

Less than 12.5 4
Less than 18.5 15
Less than 24.5 21
Less than 30.5 28
Less than 36.5 28
Less than 42.5 29

g. Draw less than Ogive for # hours studying.

 h. Find average # hours studying of students from ungrouped data and also
calculate from frequency distribution of ‘# hours studying.
Mean for ungrouped data (Hours studying)
∑ 𝑥 562
𝑋̅ = = = 19.37
𝑛 29
Mean for grouped data
LCL UCL Frequency X fX
7 12 4 (7 + 12) 38
2
= 9.5
13 18 11 15.5 170.5
19 24 6 21.5 129
25 30 7 27.5 192.5
31 36 0 33.5 0
37 42 1 39.5 39.5
SUM 29 569.5
∑ 𝑓𝑋 569.5
𝑋̅ = = = 19.6379
∑𝑓 29

Q.4. Complete a given table from the following histogram of the number of credit
cards possessed by 80 adults.
Lower class Upper class frequency Lower Upper Cumulative
boundary boundary class limit class limit frequency
-0.5 3.5 18 0 3 18
3.5 7.5 26 4 7 18+26=44
7.5 11.5 22 8 11 44+22=66
11.5 15.5 11 12 15 66+11=77
15.5 19.5 3 16 19 77+3=80
a. Prepare a cumulative frequency distribution.
Less than cumulative frequency Distribution
Less than 3.5 18
Less than 7.5 44
Less than 11.5 66
Less than 15.5 77
Less than 19.5 80

b. Calculate the cumulative relative frequencies and cumulative percentages for

all classes.
Lower Upper frequency Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative
class limit class limit frequency relative percentage
frequency frequency
0 3 18 18 18 18
= 0.225 × 100
80 80
= 22.5%
4 7 26 18+26=44 44 55%
= 0.55
80
8 11 22 44+22=66 0.825 82.5%
12 15 11 66+11=77 0.9625 96.25%
16 19 3 77+3=80 1 100%

c. Fill in the blanks

i. 66 number of adults have less than 11.5 credit cards.
 (𝟏𝟏+𝟐𝟐+𝟐𝟔+𝟏𝟖) 𝟕𝟕
ii. × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟖𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟗𝟔. 𝟐𝟓% percentage of adults
𝟖𝟎
have less than 15.5 credit cards.
(𝟐𝟐+𝟏𝟏+𝟑) 𝟑𝟔
iii. = 𝟖𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓 ratio of adults have more than 7.5 credit cards.
𝟖𝟎
iv. 𝟐𝟔 + 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟓𝟗 number of adults having credit cards between 4
to 15.
v. 𝒁𝑬𝑹𝑶 number of adults having less than -0.5 credit cards.
vi. 𝒁𝑬𝑹𝑶 number of adults having more than 19.5 credit cards.

Q.5. The frequency Ogive of weights (in kg) of 40 persons is given below.

Frequency Ogive
40
37
33

19

34.5 39.5 44.5 49.5 54.5

Complete the table given below

Lower Upper Cumulative Percentage Lower Upper frequency

class class frequency Cumulative class class
boundary boundary Frequency limit limit
29.5 34.5 6 6 30 34 6
× 100 =
40
15%
34.5 39.5 19 19 19 – 6 =13
× 100 = 35 39
40
47.5%
39.5 44.5 33 82.5% 40 44 33 – 19 =
14
44.5 49.5 37 92.5% 45 49 37 – 33 =
4
49.5 54.5 40 100% 50 54 40 – 37 =
3

Fill in the blanks

i. 37 number of persons have weight less than 49.5 kg.
ii. 82.5% percentage of persons have weight less than 44.5 kg.
iii. 0.475 ratio of persons have weight less than 39.5 kg.
 iv. ZERO number of persons have weight less than 29.5.

Q.6. The mean of 6, 8, x + 2, 10, 2x - 1, and 2 is 9. Find the value of x and also the
value of the observation in the data.

6 + 8 + (𝑥 + 2) + 10 + (2𝑥 − 1) + 2
𝑋̅ =
6

6 + 8 + (𝑥 + 2) + 10 + (2𝑥 − 1) + 2
9=
6

(9 × 6) = 6 + 8 + (𝑥 + 2) + 10 + (2𝑥 − 1) + 2

54 = 26 + 𝑥 + 2 + 2𝑥 − 1

54 = 27 + 3𝑥

54 − 27 = 3𝑥

27
𝑥= =9
3

𝑥=9

𝑥 + 2 = 9 + 2 = 11

2𝑥 − 1 = 2(9) − 1 = 17

Q.7. The following observations are arranged in ascending order. The median of the
data is 25 find the value of x.

17, x, 24, x + 7, 35, 36, 46

1st 2nd 3rd 4rth 5th 6th 7th

17 x 24 x+7 35 36 46

𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 4𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 = 25

𝑥 + 7 = 25

𝑥 = 25 − 7 = 18

𝑥 = 18
 Q.8. The mean of the following distribution is 2.6. Find the value of p and also the
value of the observation.
xi 0 1 2 3 4 5

fi 3 3 p 7 p-1 4

∑ 𝑓𝑋
𝑋̅ =
∑𝑓
xi 0 1 2 3 4 5

fi 3 3 p 7 p-1 4

fX 0 3 2P 21 4(P-1) 20
∑ 𝑓𝑋 0 + 3 + 2𝑃 + 21 + 4(𝑃 − 1) + 20
𝑋̅ = =
∑𝑓 3 + 3 + 𝑃 + 7 + (𝑃 − 1) + 4
44 + 2𝑃 + 4𝑃 − 4
2.6 =
17 + 𝑃 + 𝑃 − 1
6𝑃 + 40
2.6 =
2𝑃 + 16
2.6(2𝑃 + 16) = 6𝑃 + 40
5.2𝑃 + 41.6 = 6𝑃 + 40
41.6 − 40 = 6𝑃 − 5.2𝑃
1.6 = 0.8𝑃
1.6
𝑃= =2
0.8
𝑃=2
xi 0 1 2 3 4 5

fi 3 3 2 7 1 4

Q.9. A small company makes and sells cakes. There are 11 employees (including the
owner) in the company whose salaries are given in the table below.
Employe Store Mixer Mixer Baker Baker Head Icer 1 Icer 2 Salesperso Finance Owne
e Perso 1 2 1 2 Baker n Directo r
n r
Salary ($ 15 00 16 50 16 50 17 50 17 50 20 00 18 50 18 50 19 000 75 000 90 00
per Year) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Find the mean, median, and mode for the data of the salaries and determine which the
most appropriate measure of central tendency is.
∑ 𝑋 324000
𝜇= = = 29454.5455
𝑁 11
Employe 1st 2nd 3rd 4rth 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th
e

Salary ($ 15000 16500 16500 17500 17500 18500 18500 19 000 20000 75000 90000
per Year)

Median
𝜇̃ = 18500
Mode
𝜇̂ = 16500,17500,18500
90,000 is an outlier and because of this value we prefer median as measure of central
tendency.
Q.10. The table shows students’ math test scores.
Scores 0-10 11-21 22-32 33-43 44-54
No. of
2 5 30 10 3
students

i. Work out an estimation for the mean of the scores.

∑ 𝑓𝑋
𝑋̅ =
∑𝑓
Scores 0-10 11-21 22-32 33-43 44-54
f 2 5 30 10 3
11 + 21
X 5 2 27 38 49
= 16
fX 10 80 810 380 147

∑ 𝑓𝑋 1427
𝑋̅ = = = 28.54
∑𝑓 50

ii. Find median score marks.

Scores 0-10 11-21 22-32 33-43 44-54
f
2 5 30 10 3
Cumulative
2 7 37 47 50
frequency
Class
-0.5-10.5 10.5-21.5 21.5-32.5 32.5-43.5 43.5-54.5
boundaries
ℎ 𝑛
𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 𝑋̃ = 𝑙 + ( − 𝑐)
𝑓 2
𝑛 50
= = 25
2 2
ℎ = 11
11
𝑋̃ = 21.5 + (25 − 7) = 21.5 + 6.6 = 28.1
30
 𝑋̃ = 28.1
iii. Explain the shape of distribution as symmetry or skewed.

Histogram

30

10
2 5 3

0-10.5 10.5-21.5 21.5-32.5 32.5-43.5 43.5-54.5

Histogram shows symmetrical distribution of scores of students.

Also 𝑋̅ = 28.54 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋̃ = 28.1. Approximately mean and median are equal.
iv. In which interval do you think mode will lie?
The interval 22 to 32 having largest frequency 30, so mode will lie in this
interval.

Q.11. A student's grade in a psychology course is comprised of tests (40%),

quizzes (20%), papers (20%), and a final project (20%). His scores for
each of the categories are 85 (tests), 100 (quizzes), 92 (papers) and 84
(final project). Calculate his overall grade.
X W WX
Tests 85 40 3400
Quizzes 100 20 2000
Papers 92 20 1840
Final Project 84 20 1680
SUM 100 8920

∑ 𝑊𝑋 8920
𝑋̅𝑊 = = = 89.20
∑𝑊 100
Q.12. 32 is the geometric mean of 16 and what other number?
1
𝐺. 𝑀 = (16 × 𝑥)2
1
32 = (16 × 𝑥)2
Taking LOG on both sides
1
log(32) = log [(16 × 𝑥)2 ]
1 1
1.5051 = log(16) + log(𝑥)
2 2
 1
1.5051 = 0.60205 + log(𝑥)
2
1
0.9031 = log(𝑥)
2
1.8061 = log(𝑥)
𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝐴𝑁𝑇𝐼𝐿𝑂𝐺 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
63.98822 = 𝑥
𝑥~64
OR
Taking Natural log on both sides
1
ln(32) = ln [(16 × 𝑥)2 ]
1 1
3.4657 = ln(16) + ln(𝑥)
2 2
1
3.4657 = 1.3863 + ln(𝑥)
2
1
2.0794 = ln(𝑥)
2
4.1588 = ln(𝑥)
𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
𝑒 4.1588 = 𝑥
63.9946 = 𝑥
𝑥~64

Q.13. The arithmetic mean and the geometric mean of two positive integers
are 10 and 8. Determine the two numbers.
𝑎+𝑏
𝑋̅ =
2
𝑎+𝑏
10 =
2
20 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 ……………(1)
1
𝐺. 𝑀 = (𝑎 × 𝑏)2
1
8 = (𝑎 × 𝑏)2
1
ln(8) = ln(𝑎𝑏)
2
4.1588 = ln(𝑎𝑏)
𝑒 4.1588 = 𝑎𝑏
63.9946 = 𝑎𝑏 ………..(2)
Solving equation 1 and 2 simultaneously
𝑎 = 20 − 𝑏
64 = (20 − 𝑏)𝑏
64 = 20𝑏 − 𝑏 2
𝑏 2 − 20𝑏 + 64 = 0
Solving quadratic equation
 −(−20) ± √(−20)2 − 4(1)(64) 20 ± √144 20 ± 12
𝑏= = =
2(1) 2 2
If
20 + 12 32
𝑏= = = 16
2 2
𝑎 = 20 − 16 = 4
If
20 − 12 8
𝑏= = =4
2 2
𝑎 = 20 − 4 = 16

Q.14. The mean of four numbers is 37. The mean of the smallest three of
them is 34. If the range of data is 15 what will be mean for the three
largest numbers?
1𝑆𝑇 + 2𝑁𝐷 + 3𝑅𝐷 + 4𝑅𝑇𝐻
𝑋̅ =
4
1𝑆𝑇 + 2𝑁𝐷 + 3𝑅𝐷 + 4𝑅𝑇𝐻
37 =
4
148 = 1𝑆𝑇 + 2𝑁𝐷 + 3𝑅𝐷 + 4𝑅𝑇𝐻 ……………(1)
1𝑆𝑇 + 2𝑁𝐷 + 3𝑅𝐷
34 =
3
102 = 1𝑆𝑇 + 2𝑁𝐷 + 3𝑅𝐷………………………(2)
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 − min
15 = 4𝑟𝑡ℎ − 1𝑠𝑡
4𝑡ℎ = 15 + 1𝑠𝑡………………………………….(3)
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞 (1)
148 = 102 + 4𝑟𝑡ℎ
4𝑟𝑡ℎ = 148 − 102 = 46
4𝑟𝑡ℎ = 46
From eq (3)
1𝑠𝑡 = 46 − 15 = 31
From eq (1)
148 = 31 + 2𝑛𝑑 + 3𝑟𝑑 + 46
117 = 2𝑛𝑑 + 3𝑟𝑑 + 46
So mean of largest three numbers

2𝑁𝐷 + 3𝑅𝐷 + 46 117

𝑋̅ = = = 39
3 3
 Q.15. Marks of five students are given as 75, 80, 85, 60, and 70. Calculate
mean deviation from mean.

X 𝑋 − 𝑋̅ |𝑋 − 𝑋̅|
75 75 – 74 = 1 1
80 80 – 74 =6 6
85 85 – 74 = 11 11
60 60 – 74 = - 14 14
70 70 – 74 = - 4 4
SUM 0 36

∑ 𝑥 370
𝑋̅ = = = 74
𝑛 5
∑|𝑋−𝑋̅| 36
𝑀. 𝐷 = = = 7.2
𝑛 5

Q.16. A man travels from Jaipur to Agra by a car and takes 4 hours to cover
the whole distance. In the first hour he travels at a speed of 50 km/hr,
in the second hour his speed is 64 km/hr, in third hour his speed is 80
km/hr and in the fourth hour he travels at the speed of 55 km/hr. find
the average speed of the motorist.
1 1 1 1 −1
+ 64 + 80 +
𝐻𝑎𝑟𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 𝐻. 𝑀 = (50 55)
4

0.06631 −1
𝐻. 𝑀 = ( )
4
𝐻. 𝑀 = 60.32

Q.17. The population in a city increased at the rate of 15% and 25% for two
successive years. In the next year it decreased at the rate of 5%. Find
the average rate of growth.
Hint: Let us assume that the population is 100

Percentage Population at
rise in the end of
Population year
𝑥𝑖
15 115
25 125
5 95

1
𝐺. 𝑀 = (115 × 125 × 95)3
 𝐺. 𝑀 = 110.93
𝐺. 𝑀 = 10.93%

Q.18. Find the mean of a sample consisting of measurements 1⁄2 , 1⁄4 , 1⁄3 , 1⁄2 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑
1⁄ by using coded measurements 6, 3, 4, 6, and 2.
6
X 𝑌 = 12𝑋
1⁄ 6
2
1⁄ 3
4
1⁄ 4
3
1⁄ 6
2
1⁄ 2
6

𝑌 = 12𝑋
𝑌̅ = 12𝑋̅
∑ 𝑌 21
𝑌̅ = = = 4.2
𝑛 5

𝑌̅ = 12𝑋̅
4.2 = 12𝑋̅
4.2
𝑋̅ = = 0.35
12

Q.19. Faculty salaries for a random sample of teachers in the public school
system of a certain town were coded by dividing each salary by 1000.
Find the average salary of teachers if the coded values are 18, 15, 21,
19, 13, 15, 14, 23, 18 and 16 dollars.
𝑋
𝑌=
1000
18
15
21
19
13
15
14
23
18
16
 𝑋
𝑌=
1000
𝑋̅
𝑌̅ =
1000
∑ 𝑌 172
𝑌̅ = = = 17.2
𝑛 10
𝑋̅
𝑌̅ =
1000
𝑋̅
17.2 =
1000
𝑋̅ = 17.2 × 1000 = 17200

Q.20. At the end of the cruise, guests pay one bill that covers all on-board
transactions. Suppose that 60 single travellers were surveyed as to their
on-board bills for a seven-day cruise from Los Angeles to the Mexican
Riviera. Following is a summary of the bills.
Amount($) Frequency
51–100 5
101–150 10
151–200 15
201–250 15
251–300 10
301–350 5

i. Find mean value of on-board bills for single travelers

LCL UCL f X fX
51 100 5 75.5 377.5
101 150 10 125.5 1255
151 200 15 175.5 2632.5
201 250 15 225.5 3382.5
251 300 10 275.5 2755
301 350 5 325.5 1627.5
SUM 60 12030

∑ 𝑓𝑋 12030
𝑋̅ = =
∑𝑓 60
̅
𝑋 = 200.5

ii. Find median

Cumulative UCB
LCL UCL f LCB
frequency
51 100 5 5 50.5 100.5
101 150 10 15 100.5 150.5
 151 200 15 30 150.5 200.5
201 250 15 45 200.5 250.5
251 300 10 55 250.5 300.5
301 350 5 60 300.5 350.5

ℎ 𝑛
𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 𝑋̃ = 𝑙 + ( − 𝑐)
𝑓 2
𝑛 60
= = 30
2 2
ℎ = 50
50
𝑋̃ = 150.5 + (30 − 15) = 150.5 + 50 = 200.5
15

iii. What do you say about shape of distribution? Symmetrical or skewed. Justify
your answer

Histogram shows symmetrical distribution of scores of students.

Also 𝑋̅ = 200.5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋̃ = 200.5. Mean and median are equal.
iv. Find variance and standard deviation.
LCL UCL f X fX 𝑓𝑋 2
51 100 5 75.5 377.5 28501.25
101 150 10 125.5 1255 157502.5
151 200 15 175.5 2632.5 462003.8
201 250 15 225.5 3382.5 762753.8
251 300 10 275.5 2755 759002.5
301 350 5 325.5 1627.5 529751.3
SUM 60 12030 2699515

2
2
∑ 𝑓𝑋 2 ∑ 𝑓𝑋
𝑆 = −( )
∑𝑓 ∑𝑓
 2
2699515 12030 2
𝑆 = −( )
60 60
𝑆 2 = 4791.6667
𝑆 = √4791.6667 = 69.2218

v. How many percentage of travellers are within 𝑥 ± 1𝑠

𝑋̅ = 200.5
𝑆 = 69.2218
200.5 ± (1 × 69.2218)
(131.27 , 269.7218)
(131 𝑇𝑂 270)

Amount($) Frequency
51–100 5
101–150 10
151–200 15
201–250 15
251–300 10
301–350 5

10 + 15 + 15 + 10
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 (𝑋̅ ± 1. 𝑆) = × 100
60
= 83.33%