Scribd
Upload
15 views5 pages

Understanding Sentence Structure and Syntax

The document outlines the study of syntax, focusing on the structure of phrases, clauses, and sentences, including the relationships between heads and modifiers. It categorizes various types of phrases such as noun phrases, verb phrases, and adverb phrases, and discusses sentence elements and their functions. Additionally, it explains complements and adverbials, emphasizing their roles in conveying meaning within sentences.

Uploaded by

ki.jea.designer
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views5 pages

Understanding Sentence Structure and Syntax

The document outlines the study of syntax, focusing on the structure of phrases, clauses, and sentences, including the relationships between heads and modifiers. It categorizes various types of phrases such as noun phrases, verb phrases, and adverb phrases, and discusses sentence elements and their functions. Additionally, it explains complements and adverbials, emphasizing their roles in conveying meaning within sentences.

Uploaded by

ki.jea.designer
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SYNTAX

1. Study of structure of: phrase, clause, sentence


 Rules: Put words together.
2. Relations
- 1-ways completes
Head – modifiers: [Big cats]  A noun phrase
Very quickly  An adverb phrase
M H
- 2-way relation:
Goremor-Complement [on the desk]  Prepositional noun phrase
Control

3. Types of phrases:
- Noun phrase: Determiner + N
Determiner + ADJ + N
- Verb phrase: Auxiliry + main V
- Adj phrase
- Adverb phrase
- Prepositional phrase

She/ is calling/ her big dog

NP VP NP

Sentence

NP VP NP

Pronoun Aux V Determiner NP

Adj N

She is calling her big dog

A book from the library on campus

[Link] camel has long eyelashes.

Sentence

NP VP NP

Adj NP
0a. The camel can go without water for a long time.

Sentence

NP VP Prepositional phrase Prepositional phrase

Aux + main V Prep + NP Prep + NP

Det + Adj + NP

0b. The body changes the food into fat.

Sentence

NP VP NP Prep. P

Det + N Det + N Prep + N

[Link] weather in Dalas is very warm during the winter.

Sentence

NP VP AP Prep. P

Det + NP Degree + Adj Prep + NP

N + Prep. P Det + N

Prep + N

[Link] looked at the dog with one eye.

Sentence

NP VP Prep. P Prep. P

Pronoun Prep + NP Prep + NP

Det + N

Prep. P

Prep + NP

Det + NP

N + Prep. P

Prep + NP
[Link] coach will offer free tennis lessons today at noon.

3.I will be at the meeting tonight.

[Link] pie in the oven smells delicious.

[Link] his last trip to Russia in spring, he finally felt comfortable.

6. You are very quiet today.

[Link] waited in the rain for hours.

4. 2 system

(*) Structure: Word: N, V, Adj, Adv, Prep

Phrase: NP, VP, AdjP, AdvP, Prep. P

Clause: (Verb form) [Definition: a unit around a Verb] Finite clause: Finite V: a verb
that show tenses

Non-finite clause: Non-finite V:


no tenses: To V

V-ing

Past partciple V

Verbless clause

(*) Function: Within phrases Head – Modifier: M of N, M of Adj, M of Adv

Goremor – Complement: Object

Within sentences S, V, O, Complement – C, Adverbial - A

(Sentence elements)

Eg1. She is waiting in the rain

NP VP Prep.P  Structure

S V A  Function
Eg2. She gave him a flower

S V O i  Od

(indirect) (direct)

Recipient

 Passive voice: 2 (Number of O = Number of passive sentences)


5. Complement (Bổ ngữ)

She felt happy

She became a teacher C

He is in love

- After linking verbs: be, feel, taste, consider, sound, seem, appear, grow, become, grow
- Type of complement: Co: Complement of Object
Cs: Complement of Subject

They consider him their leader

NP VP NP NP

S V O Co

He was the leader

S V C

6. Adverbials: A
- Chức năng trạng ngữ thường chỉ thời gian, địa điểm, nguyên nhân, mục đích, cách thức, điều
kiện, nhượng bộ (concession)… trong câu.

a. He searched the room very carefully.

avbP - A

b. She was a student at a big university.

prep.P - A

c. They elected him President last year.

NP - A

d. When he saw the dog, he stopped.


Finite clause - A

e. Seeing the dog, he stopped

Non-finite – A

 Một chức năng có thể đc thực hiện bởi nhiều cấu trúc khác nhau

You might also like