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Digital Land Record Management system (DLRMS)

Thesis · December 2022

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Abdullah Al Riaz
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 ABSTRACT
Being a small country with a huge population Bangladesh is commonly known
as an agriculture based nation. Per capita land in comparison to the number of
people is very insignificant and hence the management of land system holds a
vital role in the economic and social aspects of this country. Eventually the land
management system of this country urges to grow into a very efficient system.
Unfortunately the reality is lagging behind too far and the land management
system of this country has gradually become a burdensome matter which is now
entirely impotent to encounter the newly evolving land issues and problems.

Majority of the conflicts and quarrels in rural as well as urban areas arise as a
result of the inefficient and corrupted land systems which in turns often create a
long term problem. Nevertheless, some researchers have tried to come up with a
solution but none could make it work. The implement level tasks have remained
unexplored in some way or other and consequently the land management system
have failed to realize its goals. In a nutshell, the land management system is
concerned with two major issue- land surveying and land management. Only
eyeing to one issue neglecting to face the other one will not come up with a
fruitful upshot. Out of this fact identified, the paper proposes a model land
management system which offers both the solutions- GPS based land surveying
and online land management encompassing an assortment of web based
participatory services. We have also implemented our solution using some real
life scenario and data and tried to face the real life complications and hitches.

This presentation will provide the overview of the Land Management

Information Systems (DLRMS) Development Project that is undergoing in
Bangladesh. This project aims to cover land use planning, land management
policy, land administration systems. Specifically, it includes the stategy of land
management, public/private partnership development, descriptions for the system
architecture, database, and applications developed, and the future directions of
the project. The LMIS developed will be also demonstrated, which consists of
land mangement system, spatial planning support system, and land policy
support system.

Keywords: Mysql, HTML, JavaScript, CSS, SQL Server , Per Capita Land, Land
Management, Land Surveying, GPS

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Contents

1 1.1 Introduction 9

2 Basic Concepts/ Literature Review 11

2.1 OVERALL DESCRIPTION 11
2.2 Land Information Management 11

3 Problem Statement / Requirement Specifications 13

3.1 Project Planning........................... 13
3.2 Approximate Cost Analysis................. 13
3.3 Project Analysis ………………….. 14
3.4 AIMS AND PROJECT 15
3.5 System Design 15
3.5.1 System Design …… 15
3.5.2 Graphical Abstract 2D … 16
3.5.3 System Architecture 16
3.5.4 Data Flow Diagram 17
3.5.5 Use Case Diagram 17
3.6 Land administration and management structure in Bangladesh 18
3.7 System Specifications 19

4 Implementation 19
4.1 Methodology / Proposal ........................... 19
4.1.1 Frontend part 19
4.1.2 Backend part 19
4.2 Screenshots ……………. 20
4.2.1 Dashboard of DLRMS 20
4.2.2 Citizen Login Page 20
4.2.3 Office Login Page 21
4.2.4 Citizen Profile Page 21

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 4.3 Existing Land System of Bangladesh …………. 22
4.3.1 Land Surveying 22
4.3.2 Land Management 22

5 Standard Adopted 23
5.1 Design Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.2 Coding Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.3 Testing Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.4 Database Design Standards 26

6 Conclusion and Future Scope 27

6.1 Conclusion ……………………….. 27
6.2 Future Scope ………………………. 28

References 29
Individual Contribution | Md Abdullah Al Riaj | 1905311 30
Individual Contribution | PARTHA PRIYO BARUA | 1905878 31

Plagiarism Report 32

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List of Figures
1 Proposed land administration model Idea. 10
3.5.1 Proposed land administration model. 16
3.5.2 Graphical Abstract 17
3.5.3 Overview of research design and methods 17
3.5.4 Data Flow Diagram 18
3.5.5 Use Case Diagram 18
3.6 Land administration and management structure 19
4.2.1 Dashboard of DLRMS 21
4.2.2 Citizen Login Page 21
4.2.3 Office Login Page 22
4.2.4 Citizen Profile Page 22
5.4 Database Design Standards 26
9 TURNITIN PLAGIARISM REPORT 32

Website Link: [Link]

Database Link: [Link]/DATABASE

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 DIGITAL LAND RECORD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DLRMS)

Chapter 1

1.1 Introduction
This Bangladesh is a country with about 1, 47,570 square km territory. The
significant proportion of this territory is cultivatable land mass which is
considered as the prime earning source of the people of this country. The country
is not yet well prone to large scale industrialization and hence her economy is
largely hooked on the land based agronomy. Furthermore, the amount of land per
head is very trifling and paramount percentage of its population depend on land
property for their livelihood. As a result, land has been always a vital issue in the
social and economic traits of this country. Being such an imperative one, the
land sector of this country deserves a well-structured management system but
unfortunately the depiction is not the same. The land management system of this
country still suffers from outdated methods and technologies and yet too far
away from the touch of modernization. Corruption, incompetence and lack of
transparency have made the land management system of this country a slow
coach. At anyhow, there should be a termination to this obsolete system.

We must adopt an efficient system which is free from the above encumbrances
which is the core inspiration behind our suggested land management system. In
our work, we have tried to find out the bottlenecks and hindrances of the existing
land management system and come up with a new system which will free from
those troubles as well as serve as a better solution for the people of this country.
Our investigation suggests that the core problems behind the inefficiency of
current land management system lie with the extensive widespread of corruption
and use of obsolete methods to accomplish the huge tasks involved with land
management. Eventually we were motivated to design a land management
system which is completely contemporary and comes with the concerns of land
surveying as well as online land management.

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Website Link: [Link]

Figure 1. Proposed land administration model Idea.

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Chapter 2
Basic Concepts/ Literature Review
Local and central government (MOCT; Ministry of Construction and
Transportation) have many land management businesses. Services for public and
businesses for basic data creation and maintenance are mainly carried out by
local governments. MOCT collects and analyses the data related to land, and
develops various land policy based on them. But it is very difficult to make
rational and scientifical land policy in timely manner because the data are
collected through many steps in conventional-manual method.

2.1 OVERALL DESCRIPTION

There are many zoning systems to manage land use based on laws in
this country. It is not easy to search what regulations designated on a
land parcel. Inconsistency of regulations between zoning systems is
often happened. Inconsistency also takes place because zoning
systems designate their own maps used, which have different scales
and are different types one another. However these not exposed
seriousely in analogue format of data such as paper maps. These
cause some difficulties in data sharing in digital format.

To solve these problems, some local governments had introduced

information technologies including GIS. Because these efforts has
been accomplished in local scope without nation-wide consideration,
many problems is happening in data sharing and nteroperability.

The Digital Land Record Management Systems (DLRMS)

Development Project had launched in 1998 by central government to
solve the problems and to improve land management business
process using GIS.

2.2 Land Information Management

Our solution for DLRMS (Digital Land Record Management

System) for ULBs typically includes parcel mapping, revenue record
information integration, land valuation, categorization of rural/urban
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land classification, and zoning. At the national level, we provide

geospatial tools for land ownership, land valuation, agriculture, and
natural resource management. Our services include:

 Development of enterprise land information systems

 Creation and integration of cadastral maps with land records
database
 GIS mapping of the land bank allows real-time information
about the availability of industrial land and resources
 Auto-scrutiny saves a lot of time & resources by simplifying
the scrutiny, review & approval of building plans in
compliance with Development Control Regulations.
 Land registration, records, reform, and land policy
implementation
 Creation of geo-data bases for LU/LC planning
 Cadastral Map integration and management
 Land Account for every land owner
 See the owned land information online
 See the entire land map online
 Search for any type of land online
 Buy and sell the land online
 Advertise for selling any land online
 Bid to buy any land online
 Get the pdf copy of the land deed online
 Complain against any land dispute online
 Pay the tax or land revenue online
 Ask for any land related query online

The most important feature of DLMS is online based Land

Management system. This feature enables the land owners and
others to accomplish their land related tasks online. The online land
management includes the entire important tasks related to land
management. There are two sides of the land management, one is
land owner side and the other is land office side.

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Chapter 3
Problem Statement / Requirement
Specifications
This Section describes the problem statement applied during the development of
Digital Land Record Management System (DLRMS) site. A methodology is a
model, which project managers employ for the design, planning, implementation
and achievement of their project objectives. Effective project management is
essential in absolutely any organization, regardless of the nature of the business
and the scale of the organization. From choosing a project to right through to the
end, it is important that the project is carefully and closely managed. Based on
the nature of my project solution, it was essential to use incremental Software
development life cycle (SDLC). The project typically has a number of Phases
and the level of control required over each phase are primarily defined by the
nature of the Project, the complexity of the same and the industry to which the
Project has to cater to. An Incremental (SDLC) model consists of a number of
dependent increments that are completed in a prescribed sequence. Each
increment includes a Launching, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing
Process Group for the functions and features in that increment only. Each
increment integrates additional parts of the solution until the final increment,
where the remaining parts of the solution are integrated.

3.1 Project Planning

 Any member can register and view the whole site.

 Only registered member can register multiple categories regardless.
 ContactUs page is available to contact Admin for queries.
 There are three roles available: Visitor, User and Admin.
 Admin can add products, edit product information and add/remove
 product.
 Admin can add user, edit user information and can remove user.
 confirmation mail.
 Visitor can view the site.
 An Admin has some extra privilege including all privilege of visitor and
user.

3.2 Approximate Cost Analysis

For setting up one land record management office.

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hydrometeors, and other particulates in the atmosphere may lead to some

precision errors. These errors must be properly considered to achieve the highest
precision in surveying using Global Positioning System (GPS) signals. The
errors can commonly be categorized into three distinct sets; satellite dependent
errors, propagation dependent errors, and receiver dependent errors[9]. All the
facts described above can lead to some sort of wrong calculation. Again, there is
a possibility that the person involved with taking the GPS reading can do some
mistakes and an error prone outcome may be obtained. The access to National ID
Database can help to ensure the security and authenticity of the system.
Currently we have no access to National ID Database which is surely an obstacle
to check the authenticity of the land owners. However, in an overall sense our
proposed land management system works very well showing a tremendous
improvement to the existing land management system. The approximate cost
analysis for setting up 1 land office to adopt our system is shown in the above
tablel.

3.3 Project Analysis

Digital Land Management System or in short DLMS is our model system by

which the land areas of any country like Bangladesh can be managed digitally
with the help of modern technology. The overall range of land system tasks
starting from the surveying of the land to the land management is managed in
new [Link] key features of DLMS include GPS based land surveying,
automatic map drawing and online land management. These key features are
described in the following

 GPS based Land Surveying

 Automatic Map Drawing
 Online Land Management
 Area Calculation using GPS value
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3.4 AIMS AND PROJECT

 GIS mapping using GPS system of the land bank allows real-time
information about the availability of industrial land and resources.
 Auto-scrutiny saves a lot of time & resources by simplifying the scrutiny,
review & approval of building plans in compliance with Development
Control Regulations.
 Makes frequent visits to site locations or offices of land-owning agencies
redundant
 A centralized system ensures transparency & adequate visibility of
proposal progress to all stakeholders.
 Creating a streamlined framework provides the potential investors with
simple and efficient processes for land management & related post
allotment activities.
 Manages, updates and monitors land-related data & information.
 Stores records like land deeds, plot maps, non-encumbrance certificates et
al.
 Building transparent & accountable mechanism for land provision.
 Simplified and effective land management system to build an effective
free-market environment.
 Streamline the land-related fixed property rights system.
 Integration of multiple isolated land management systems.
 Allowing data to be easily used for many other applications, such as
emergency response or regional economic development.

3.5 System Design

3.5.1 System Design

Figure 3.5.1 Proposed land administration model.

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3.5.2 Graphical Abstract 2D

Land Administration practices worldwide rely mainly on 2D-based

systems to define legal and other spatial boundaries related to land interests.
However, the built environment is increasingly becoming spatially complex.

Fig 3.5.2. Graphical Abstract

3.5.3 System Architecture

Figure 3.5.3. Overview of research design and methods.

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3.5.4 Data Flow Diagram

DLRMS

DLRMS

Fig 3.5.4 Data Flow Diagram

3.5.5 Use Case Diagram

Fig 3.5.5 Use Case Diagram

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3.6 Land administration and management structure in Bangladesh

Figure 2. Land administration and management structure in Bangladesh

There are four core stakeholders in the land administration and management
system in Bangladesh:

I. The Settlement Office: The Settlement Office generally takes on the task
of updating the Record of Rights.

II. Assistant Commissioner (Land): Under the State Acquisition and Tenancy
Act 1950, the Assistant Commission of Land authorises the transfers of
land rights, except during land survey.

III. Sub-Registry Office: The Sub-Registry Office is administered under

MoLJPA, and is appointed with the responsibility for registering lands and
other properties under the Registration Act of 1908.

IV. Land Survey Tribunal: The State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1950 lays
down the provisions for the Land Survey Tribunal and the Land Survey
Appellate Tribunal.

V. Internal and external administrative complexities lead to unidentified khas

land, lack of access to information, corruption, congestion of legal
disputes, and multiple transfers of land.

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3.7 System Specifications

Table: 1 Hardware Requirements

SL Hardware Minimum System Requirement

1 Processor 2.4 GHz Processor speed
2 Memory 2 GB RA
3 Disk Space 500 GB

Table: 2 Software Requirements

SL Software Minimum System Requirement

1 Operating System Windows 8, Windows 10 or MAC Ox
10.8,10.9, or 10.11, LINUX
2 Database Management SQL Lite 3
System
3 Runtime Environment PyCharm or Visual Studio Code

Chapter 4

Implementation / Screenshots
4.1 Methodology

We have divide this project work into 2 parts ( Frontend and Backend ).

4.1.1 Frontend part :

The frontend part has been done by our first group members with js, Html and
css to give best user experience.

4.1.2 Backend part :

The Backend part has been done by our last group members with sql and MS
Excel database for integration of frontend to backend.

Digital Land Management System or in short DLMS is our model system by

which the land areas of any country like Bangladesh can be managed digitally
with the help of modern technology.

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4.2 Screenshots
4.2.1 Dashboard of DLRMS

Fig 4.2.1 Dashboard

4.2.2 Citizen Login Page

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4.2.3 Office Login Page

Office Login

4.2.4 Citizen Profile Page

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4.3 Existing Land System of Bangladesh

The current land system of Bangladesh can be inspected from two major
viewpoints. They are-

A. Land Surveying
B. Land Management

A short summary of the existing land management system can be grasped from
the below.

4.3.1 A. Land Surveying

The land surveying system of Bangladesh is conducted totally in a traditional
way. The land survey process is denoted by the term land settlement and is
managed by the Directorate of Land Records and Surveys (DLRS). A diara
settlement officer is in charge to look after oversees surveys in riverine areas and
major urban areas where many changes of ownership occur. The land surveying
system comprises of two tasks- land measurement and the map drawing. The
whole process is obsolete and old fashioned and there is a little use of modern
equipment. The land measurement is done by some people known as Amin or
measurer who are responsible for measuring the land and collecting the land data
from the owner. At first the land is measured using the measuring tape. The tape
is placed along the boundary of the land and the length of the land is calculated.
The measured length is then recorded in the paper and the data is submitted to
the land office and accordingly the map of the newly measured land is updated.

4.3.2 B. Land Management

The land management system Bangladesh is totally obsolete and outdated. The
complete system depends entirely on the manpower efforts. The land
management includes maintaining the records of the land, selling and buying of
the land, Ownership transfer of the land in various ways, creating the land deeds
and their maintenance, Land related disputes management, Updating the land
map and information, tax and revenue collection and many other things. There
are many land offices throughout the country and every land office has its land
staffs for maintaining the land management activities. Each land office has a
land officer and many land staffs that collectively perform the management of
land. Fig. 1. Steps of Land Surveying in Bangladesh[1] There are two types of
land owner- individual land owner and organization based land owner. All the
land owners regardless of their types need to get various services from the land
offices.

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Chapter 5
Standards Adopted
5.1 Design Standards
In all the engineering streams, there are predefined design standards are present
such as IEEE, ISO etc. List all the recommended practices for project design. In
software the UML diagrams or database design standards also can be followed.

Design is the first step in the development phase for any techniques and
principles for the purpose of defining a device, a process or system in sufficient
detail to permit its physical realization. Once the software requirements have
been analyzed and specified the software design involves three technical
activities - design, coding, implementation and testing that are required to build
and verify the software. The design activities are of main importance in this
phase, because in this activity, decisions ultimately affecting the success of the
software implementation and its ease of maintenance are made. These decisions
have the final bearing upon reliability and maintainability of the system.

 Conceptual design: User-oriented design of application development.

 Physical system design: Detailed design of flows and processes in
applications processing system and preparation of program specification.
 Program development: coding and testing of computer programs.
 Procedure development: design of procedures and preparation of user
instructions.

5.2 Coding Standards

Coding standards – static analyzers and standard checkers are used to inspect
code for deviations from standards and guidelines.

HTML Code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>GfG</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<fieldset>

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<legend>Personal Details</legend>
<p>
<label>
Salutation
<br />
<select name="salutation">
<option>--None--</option>
<option>Mr.</option>
<option>Ms.</option>
<option>Mrs.</option>
<option>Dr.</option>
<option>Prof.</option>
</select>
</label>
</p>
<p>
<label>First name: <input name="firstName" /></label>
</p>
<p>
<label>Last name: <input name="lastName" /></label>
</p>
<p>
Gender :
<label><input type="radio" name="gender" value="male" /> Male</label>
<label><input type="radio" name="gender" value="female" />
Female</label>
</p>
<p>
<label>Email:<input type="email" name="email" /></label>
</p>
<p>
<label>Date of Birth:<input type="date" name="birthDate"></label>
</p>
<p>
<label>
Address :
<br />
<textarea name="address" cols="30" rows="3"></textarea>
</label>
</p>
<p>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</p>

</fieldset>
</form>
</body>
</html>

CSS code style :

<figure class="md:flex bg-slate-100 rounded-xl p-8 md:p-0 dark:bg-slate
800">
<img class="w-24 h-24 md:w-48 md:h-auto md:rounded-none rounded-full
mxauto"
src="/[Link]" alt="" width="384" height="512">
<div class="pt-6 md:p-8 text-center md:text-left space-y-4">
<blockquote>
<p class="text-lg font-medium">
“Tailwind CSS is the only framework that I've seen scale
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on large teams. It’s easy to customize, adapts to any design,

and the build size is tiny.”
</p>
</blockquote>
<figcaption class="font-medium">
<div class="text-sky-500 dark:text-sky-400">
Sarah Dayan
</div>
<div class="text-slate-700 dark:text-slate-500">
Staff Engineer, Algolia
</div>
</figcaption>
</div>
</figure>

MongoDB CODE:
import { MongoClient } from 'mongodb'
export async function connect () {
// Connection URL
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/my_database'
let db
try {
db = await [Link](url)
[Link]('Connected successfully!')
} catch (err) {
// Handle error
}
return db
}
1. Attach the database in "SQL Server Management Studio Express".
2. Run the application on Microsoft Visual Studio as web site.
3. Locate the database

5.3 Testing Standards

This testing is done to verify the readiness of the system for the implementation.
Acceptance testing begins when the system is complete. Tools to special
importance during acceptance testing include: Timing Analyzer – also called a
profiler, reports the time spent in various regions of the code are areas to
concentrate on to improve system performance Test cases are derived to ensure
that all statements in the program have been executed at least once during testing
and that all logical conditions have been executed.

 Exercise all logical decisions on their true and false sides.

 Execute all loops at their boundaries and with in their operational bounds.
 Exercise internal data structure to assure their validity.

The test case specification for system testing has to be submitted for review
before system testing commences.

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5.4 Database Design Standards

Database is critical for all businesses. A good database does not allow any form
of anomalies and stores only relevant information in an ordered manner. If a
database has anomalies, it is affecting the efficiency and data integrity.

Database files are the key source of information into the system. The files should
be properly designed and planned for collection, accumulation, editing and
retrieving the required information. The organization of data in database aims to
achieve three major objectives:
 Data integration
 Data integrity
 Data independence

DLRMS DATABASE

DLRMS DATABASE

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Chapter 6
Conclusion and Future Scope

6.1 Conclusion

The existing land management system of Bangladesh is totally beyond the light
of modern technology. Every year a huge amount of money is wasted to resolve
the land related disputes. Furthermore, there is the burning problem of corruption
in different levels of this sector. All of these problems can be readily checked if
the DLMS can be properly adopted in this country. The adoption of DLMS can
radically change the land management structure of the country. The use of
modern technology will greatly save the time and human effort to accomplish
any task. Though the initial set up requires some time, the fastness of service,
reduction of cost and eradication of poverty will surely compensate the cost of
this adoption.

In our country, the process of ownership, registration and documentation of

acquiring land is complex, disorganized and leaves a lot of room for incorrect
documentation and fraudulence. It is found that majority of the cases which are
taken to court originates arising out of land conflicts. It is also found that in the
magistrate courts the influential land grabbers have the power to shift the verdict
in their favor. In the High Court, the justice process is less vacillating but it may
take an indefinite time. The verdict is in practice often ineffectual to the landless.
The land grabber first prepares counterfeit deeds in involvement with a group of
dishonest land administration employees, and then captures newly emerged lands
of poor and marginal farmers with the help of muscle power. It is difficult to take
back the grabbed lands from the influential because land law is so obscure,
vague and incomprehensible in Bangladesh.

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6.2 Future Scope

The proposal described in this paper introduces a practical approach to

establishing a land administration platform suggesting implementing the NLC to
deal with land administration by implementing a Land Administration Act in
accordance with the devolution of powers of lands based on the thirteenth
amendment to the constitution of Sri Lanka. Further, it describes a detailed
methodology about its establishment and maintenance to efficiently and
effectively manage all state and private lands under one umbrella under the e-
governance concept. Initially, the realization of the system is proposed in the
Colombo district as a pilot work. Later, the system can be further enhanced to
cater to land administration as a business revenue model in the entire country.

There are some limitations for the current system to which solutions can be
provided as a future development:

1. The system is not configured for multi-users at this time. The concept of
transaction can be used to achieve this.
2. The Website is not accessible to everyone. It can be deployed on a web server
so that everybody who is connected to the Internet can use it.
3. The verification of property and the land records becomes very accessible and
very easy.
4. Once the verification gets complete, the users who are buyers and sellers can
quickly move to the next process of registration that is the transaction.

As for other future developments, the following can be done:

1. The Buyer and the Seller, both parties, are the user in the blockchain channel
and can get easy access to each other, as it connects users over the single
platform.
2. There have to be language varieties so that none-English users can use easily
without any difficulty
3. The land registry in Blockchain, the property owner, can automatically check
their own and whether they are eligible to transfer the legal ownership to others
or to sell the property.

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 DIGITAL LAND RECORD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DLRMS)

References
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[5] Choudhury et al., ”A Web-based land management system for Bangladesh ”, Computer and Information
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[7][Link]
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[13] M. Shell. (2002) IEEEtran homepage on CTAN. [Online]. Available: [Link]

archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/IEEEtran/
[14] Baliga A, Subhod I, Kamat P, Chatterjee S 2018 Performance evaluation of the quorum blockchain platform,
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[15] Chandra V, Rangaraju B 2017 Blockchain for Property A Roll Out Road Map for India, India
Institute, India.

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