[9 Apr] Chemistry (New

syllabus) Mock Exam

Question Paper

150 marks

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Printed with [Link]

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Question 1
Anna wants to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. The method
she chooses involves reacting magnesium with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.
The steps of her procedure are:

Weigh a known mass of magnesium ribbon.

Heat the magnesium in a crucible until it reacts completely with oxygen to form
magnesium oxide.

Cool the crucible and measure the mass of the magnesium oxide formed.

1. Anna calculates that she needs 0.2 g of magnesium ribbon to form [1]

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magnesium oxide. She uses the molar mass of magnesium as
24.305 g mol−1 and assumes that all the oxygen needed will be directly
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from the air. Outline a major error in her assumption.
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2. Anna uses a balance with an uncertainty of ±0.001 g to measure the [2]

magnesium ribbon but uses a less precise thermometer to determine the
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temperature of the reaction environment. Suggest two reasons why using a

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more accurate thermometer might improve the experimental reliability.

3. Anna cools the crucible after the reaction and measures the final mass of the [2]
product. Explain why it is important to heat the magnesium until no further
change in mass is observed.

4. Using the same chemical reaction, suggest how Anna's method could be [1]

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modified to improve the accuracy of determining the empirical formula of
magnesium oxide, assuming access to modern equipment.
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Question 2
Ocean acidification occurs when carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater, leading to
chemical changes that decrease the pH of the ocean.

The following equilibria are established: Equilibrium (1)

CO2 ( g) ⇌ CO2 (aq)

​ ​

Equilibrium (2)

CO2 (aq) + H2 O(l) ⇌ H2 CO3 (aq)

​ ​ ​ ​

Equilibrium (3)

H2 CO3 (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + HCO−

​ ​

3 (aq) ​

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Equilibrium (4)

HCO− + 2−
3 (aq) ⇌ H (aq) + CO3 (aq)
​

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The increase in H + ions causes ocean acidification, affecting marine life by reducing
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the availability of carbonate ions necessary for shell and coral formation.
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Limestone (CaCO3 ) can act as a natural buffer, reacting with H + to form

​

bicarbonate ions, slowing the acidification process.

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1. Distinguish between a weak and strong acid. [1]

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2. The hydrogencarbonate ion, produced in equilibrium (3), can also act as an [1]
acid.

State the formula of its conjugate base.

3. Explain how a decrease in pressure can affect equilibrium (3). [2]

4. Predict, referring to equilibrium (4), how the added calcium carbonate affects [2]
the pH, assuming pressure and temperature remain constant.

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Question 3
White phosphorus is an allotrope of phosphorus and exists as P4 . ​

An equilibrium exists between PCl3 and PCl5 .

​ ​

PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) ⇌ PCl5 (g)

​ ​ ​

1. Calculate the standard enthalpy change (ΔH ⊖ ) for the forward reaction in kJ [1]
mol−1.

ΔH ⊖ PCl3 (g) = −306.4 kJ mol−1

​

ΔH ⊖ PCl5 (g) = −398.9 kJ mol−1

​

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2. Calculate the entropy change, ΔS , in JK −1 mol−1 , for this reaction. [1]

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ΔS(PCl3 (g)) = 311.7 J K −1 mol−1

​

ΔS(PCl5 (g)) = 364.5 J K −1 mol−1

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ΔS(Cl2 (g)) = 223.0 J K −1 mol−1

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​
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3. Calculate the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), in kJ mol−1 , for this reaction [2]
at 25 °C. Use section 1 of the data booklet.

If you did not obtain an answer in Part 1 or Part 2 use −87.6 kJ mol−1 and
−150.5 J mol−1 K −1 respectively, but these are not the correct answers.

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4. Determine the equilibrium constant, K , for this reaction at 25 °C, referring to [2]
section 1 of the data booklet.
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If you did not obtain an answer in Part 3, use ΔG = –43.5 kJ mol−1 , but
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this is not the correct answer.

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5. State the equilibrium constant expression, Kc , for this reaction.

​
[1]
6. State, with a reason, the effect of an increase in temperature on the position [1]
of this equilibrium.

Question 4

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The combustion of glucose is exothermic and occurs according to the following
equation:

C6 H12 O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) → 6CO2 (g) + 6H2 O(g)

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​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Which is correct for this reaction?

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Spontaneous/
Answer ΔH ⊖ ΔS ⊖
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non-spontaneous
​

A negative positive spontaneous

negative positive non-spontaneous
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B
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

C positive negative spontaneous

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D positive positive non-spontaneous

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A A

B B

C C

D D
Question 5

A student performs an acid-base titration using a pH meter, but forgets to calibrate

it. Which typeof error will occur and how will it affect the quality of the
measurements?

A Random error and lower precision

B Systematic error and lower accuracy

C Systematic error and lower precision

D Random error and lower accuracy

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Question 6
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Which solution forms when phosphorus(V) oxide, P4 O10 , reacts with water?
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Answer Product pH of solution

H3 PO3 <7
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A ​ ​

B H3 PO3 >7
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​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​

C H3 PO4
​ ​ <7
H3 PO4 >7
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D ​ ​

A A

B B

C C

D D
Question 7
Carbon dioxide is a product of the combustion of petrol.

1. Explain the molecular mechanism by which carbon dioxide acts as a [3]

greenhouse gas.

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2. Discuss the significance of two greenhouse gases, other than carbon [2]
dioxide,in causing global warming or climate change.
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Question 8
Which expression gives the mass, in g , of ethanol required to produce 683.5 kJ of
heat upon complete combustion?

(Mr for ethanol = 46.0, ΔHc⊖ = −1367 kJ mol−1 )

​ ​

683.5
A 1367×46.0
​

1367
B 683.5×46.0
​

683.5×46.0
C 1367
​

1367×46.0

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D 683.5
​

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Question 9
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What is the percentage yield when 7 g of ethene produces 6 g of ethanol?

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Mr (ethene) = 28 and Mr (ethanol) = 46

​ ​
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C2 H4 (g) + H2 O(g) → C2 H5 OH(g)

​ ​ ​ ​ ​
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6×7×100
A 28×46
​

6×46×100
B 7×28
​

6×28
C 7×46×100
​

6×28×100
D 7×46
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Question 10
Which term in the expression ΔG⊖ = ΔH ⊖ − T ΔS ⊖ is an indirect measure of
the entropy change of the surroundings when divided by T ?

A ΔG⊖

B ΔH ⊖

C ΔS ⊖

D −T ΔS ⊖

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Question 11
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How should a measurement of 5.00 g from a balance be recorded?

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A 5.00 ± 0.1 g
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B 5.00 ± 0.01 g
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C 5.00 ± 1 g

D 5.00 ± 0.001 g
Question 12
Alkanes undergo combustion and substitution.

Determine the molar enthalpy of combustion of an alkane if 8.75 × 10−4 [2]

moles are burned, raising the temperature of 20.0 g of water by 57.3 °C.

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Question 13
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What is the enthalpy change of the reaction?

C6 H14 (l) → C2 H4 (g) + C4 H10 (g)

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​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

⊖
ΔHcombustion (C6 H14 (l)) = −4163 kJ mol−1
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​ ​ ​

⊖
ΔHcombustion (C2 H4 (g)) = −1411 kJ mol−1
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​ ​ ​

⊖
ΔHcombustion (C4 H10 (g)) = −2878 kJ mol−1
​ ​ ​

A + 1411 − 2878 − 4163

B + 1411 + 2878 − 4163

C − 1411 − 2878 + 4163

D + 1411 + 2878 + 4163

Question 14
Nickel catalyses the conversion of propanone to propan-2-ol.

1. Outline how a catalyst increases the rate of reaction. [1]

2. Explain why an increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction. [2]

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3. Discuss, referring to intermolecular forces present, the relative volatility of [3]

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propanone and propan-2-ol.

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Question 15
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What is the concentration, in mol dm , of 20.0 g of KOH (Mr = 40.0) in 500.0 cm3
​

A 0.250

B 0.500

C 1.00

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D 4.00

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Question 16
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The equilibrium 2H2 (g) + N2 (g)

​ ​ ⇌ N2 H4 (g) has an equilibrium constant, K ,
​ ​

at 150 °C.
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What is the equilibrium constant at 150 °C, for the reverse reaction?
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N2 H4 (g) ⇌ 2H2 (g) + N2 (g)

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​ ​ ​ ​

A K −1

B K

C -K

D 2K
Question 17
You are performing a reaction of second-order kinetics. You assume that, based on
the gathered data, you will be to make the graph below. How should the axes be
labelled?

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A y= [A]
​,x =t
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B y = [A], x = t

C y = ln[A], x = t

1
D y = t, x = [A]
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Question 18

1. Write the equation for the reaction of Ca(OH) 2 (aq) with hydrochloric acid, [1]
HCl (aq).

2. Determine the volume, in dm3, of 0.015 mol dm−3 calcium hydroxide [2]
solution needed to neutralize 35.0 cm3 of 0.025 mol dm−3 HCl (aq).

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Question 19

Which represents the enthalpy change of hydration of the chloride ion?

H2 O
A Cl− (g) ​ Cl− (aq)

H2 O
B Cl( g) Cl− (aq)
​

H2 O
C 1
2 Cl2 (
g) Cl− (aq)
​

​ ​ ​

H2 O
D 1
Cl (aq) Cl− (aq)
​

2
​

2
​ ​
Question 20
Ethanol and methanoic acid are important industrial products.

Ethanol is used as a fuel.

1. Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethanol. [1]

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2. Deduce the change in enthalpy, ΔH , in kJ, when 56.00 g of ethanol is [2]
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burned. Use values of combustion enthalpies given in the data booklet.
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Question 21
A student investigates the effect of changing the concentration of hydrochloric acid
(HCl) on the rate of its reaction with magnesium (Mg). The reaction produces
hydrogen gas (H2 ), which is collected and measured using a gas syringe.
​

The balanced equation for the reaction is:

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) ​ ​

The student conducts the experiment using 0.50 g of magnesium ribbon and varying
concentrations of HCl . The volume of H2 gas collected after 60 s is recorded in the
​

table below:

HCl Concentration Volume of H2 ( ​ g) at Rate of Reaction

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−3 3
(moldm ) 60 s ( cm ) (cm3 s−1 )

0.50 20.0

1.00 42.0
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1.50 60.0
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2.00 78.0
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1. Identify two variables that should be controlled during the experiment and [2]
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explain why they are important.

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2. Complete the table by calculating the average rate of reaction for each [3]
concentration of HCl and describe the relationship between the concentration
of HCl and the average rate of reaction.

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3. Referring to the collision theroy, explain the relationship outlined in Part 2. [1]
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4. The student finds that the collected gas volume is consistently lower than [2]
expected. Suggest one possible source of systematic error in the experiment
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and describe how it could be minimized.

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 = 2.00 moldm−3 , calculate the number of moles of [2]
5. Using the data for HCl
3 −1
hydrogen gas produced. (Molar volume of gas = 24.0dm mol at room
temperature and pressure.)

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Question 22
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What is the percentage yield when 2.0 g of ethene, C2 H4 , is formed from 5.0 g of
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​ ​

ethanol, C2 H5 O H ? ​ ​

Mr (ethene) = 28; Mr (ethanol) = 46

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2.0 5.0
A 28
​ × 46
​ × 100
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2.0
B 28
× 100
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5.0 ​

46

28 5.0
C 2.0
​
× 46
​
× 100

28
D 2.0
5.0 ​
× 100
46
Question 23

What is the enthalpy change of the reaction, in kJ?

2C (graphite) + O2 (g) → 2CO (g)

​

⊖
ΔHcombustion (graphite) = −394 kJ mol−1
​

⊖
ΔHcombustion (CO(g)) = −283 kJ mol−1
​

A −394 − 283

B 2(−394) + 2(−283)

C −394 + 283

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D 2(−394) + 2(283)
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Question 24
Methanol is usually manufactured from methane in a two-stage process.

CH4 (g) + H2 O (g) ⇌ CO (g) + 3H2 (g)

​ ​ ​

CO (g) + 2H2 (g) ⇌ CH3 OH (l)

​ ​

Consider the first stage of the reaction.

CH4 (g) + H2 O (g) ⇌ CO (g) + 3H2 (g)

​ ​ ​

Determine the enthalpy change, ΔH , in kJ. Use the values of bond enthalpies [3]
in the data booklet.

Bond enthalpy of CO = 1077 kJ mol−1 .

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Question 25
Which of these energy sources is considered renewable?

A Nuclear

B Hydroelectric

C Natural gass

D Diesel

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Question 26
A student investigates the enthalpy change (ΔH) of the neutralization reaction
between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) :

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2 O(l) ​

The temperature change (ΔT ) is measured after adding increasing volumes of HCl
to a fixed volume of NaOH . The following data were recorded:

Volume of HCl(mL) Temperature Change (ΔT ) (∘ C)

5 1.2

10 2.4

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15 3.5

20 4.6

25 5.8
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30 7.0
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Assume the density of the solution is 1.0 g/mL, and the specific capacity of water is
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4.18 J/g ⋅∘ C
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1. Explain why the reaction may not reach the expected theoretical temperature [2]
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change in a real experiment

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2. Suggest two experimental improvements to reduce errors and increase [2]
accuracy in measuring ΔT .

3. Plot the graph of ΔT vs the volume of HCl. [2]

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4. Explain how the graph can be used to determine the limiting reagent in this [2]
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reaction.
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5. Suggest how ΔH can be calculate graphically. [2]

6. Using the data point Volume of HCl = 20 mL, ΔT = 4.6∘ C, calculate the [3]
enthalpy change ( ΔH ) per mole of HCl added, assuming NaOH is in excess
and its concentration is 0.5 mol/L.

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7. If the uncertainty in ΔT is ±0.2∘ C and the uncertainty in the volume of HCl [3]
is ±0.5mL, calculate the percentage uncertainty in the calculated ΔH at
Volume of HCl = 20 mL.

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Question 27
Two 100 cm3 aqueous solutions, one containing 0.010 mol of sodium hydroxide and
the other 0.010 mol of hydrochloric acid, are at the same temperature.

When the two solutions are mixed the temperature rises by y °C.

Assume the density of the final solution is 1.00 g cm−3 .

Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 Jg −1 K −1

What is the enthalpy change of neutralization in kJ mol−1 ?

100×4.18×y
A 1000×0.010
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200×4.18×(y+273)
B 1000×0.010
​

C
200×4.18×y
1000×0.010
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200×4.18×y
D 1000×0.020
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Question 28
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Which transformation is exothermic?

1
A 2
Cl2 (g)
​ ​ → Cl(g)

B K(g) → K + (g) + e−

C KCl(s) → K + (g) + Cl− (g)

D Cl(g) + e− → Cl− (g)

Question 29

Ammonia reacts reversibly with water. [2]

N H3 (g) + H2 O(l) ⇌ N H4+ (aq) + OH − (aq)

​ ​ ​

Explain the effect of adding H + (aq) ions on the position of the equilibrium.

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Question 30
Which condition will ensure a reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures?
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A ΔH is negative and ΔS is negative

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B ΔH is positive and ΔS is positive

C ΔH is negative and ΔS is positive

D ΔH is positive and ΔS is negative

Question 31
Which change does not increase the rate of this reaction?

CuCO3 (s) + H2 S O4 (aq) → CuSO4 (aq) + H2 O (l) + CO2 (g)

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

A Increasing the particle size of the CuCO3 ​

B Stirring the reaction mixture

C Increasing the concentration of H2 S O4 ( aq)

​ ​

D Increasing the temperature

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Question 32
The table shows the variation of standard Gibbs energy with temperature for a
reversible reaction.

ΔG = ΔH − T ΔS
ΔG⊖ = −RT ln K
Temperature /K ΔG/ kJ mol−1
297 20.6
355 −1.9
​ ​ ​

395 −23.8

What can be concluded about the reaction?

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A Equilibrium shifts left as temperature increases.

B
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The forward reaction is more spontaneous below 300 K.
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C Entropy is higher in the products than in the reactants.
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D Kc decreases as temperature increases.

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Question 33
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of temperature on the rate of
reaction between magnesium metal (Mg) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The volume
of hydrogen gas (H2 ) evolved was recorded over 3 minutes for reactions conducted
​

at four different temperatures. The following results were obtained:

Volume of H2 ​ Volume of H2 ​ Volume of H2 ​ Volume of H2 ​

Temperature gas (cm3 ) at 30 gas (cm3 ) at 60 gas gas

3
(∘ C) s s (cm ) at 120 s (cm3 ) at 180 s

20 10 20 35 45

30 15 30 50 60

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40 25 40 60 75

50 30 50 75 90
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The graph above shows the volume of hydrogen gas produced over time for the four
different temperatures. Let’s proceed with the markscheme.

1. Explain, using collision theory, how an increase in temperature affects the rate [2]
of reaction.

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2. Identify and discuss two possible sources of uncertainty in this experiment. [4]

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3. Using the data for the reaction at 40°C, calculate the average rate of [2]
hydrogen gas production (in cm³/s) between 30 and 120 seconds.

4. Determine the activation energy (Ea ) for this reaction using the Arrhenius
​
[3]
equation and the following additional information:

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The reaction at 20∘ C has a rate constant k1 ​ = 1.2 × 10−3 s−1 .
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The reaction at 40∘ C has a rate constant k2 ​ = 2.5 × 10−3 s−1 .
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Assume the gas constant R = 8.31 J mol−1 K−1 . Provide your answer in
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kJ/mol.
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Question 34
Enthalpy changes depend on the number and type of bonds broken and formed.

1. Hydrogen gas can be formed industrially by the reaction of natural gas with [3]
steam.

CH4 (g) + H2 O(g) → 3H2 (g) + CO(g)

​ ​ ​

Determine the enthalpy change, ΔH , for the reaction, in kJ, using the given
bond enthalpies in the data booklet.

Bond enthalpy for C≡O: 1077 kJ mol−1

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2. Outline why no value is listed for formation enthalpy of H2 (g).

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[1]
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3. Determine the value of ΔHf⊖ in kJ, for the reaction using the values in the
​
[1]
table.

CH4 (g)
​ H2 O(g)
​ CO(g) H2 (g)
​

−1
ΔHf⊖ /kJ mol −74.0 −242 −111
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

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Question 35
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Components A and B are mixed together and allowed to reach equilibrium. The
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concentrations of A, B, C and D in the equilibrium mixture are 4, 1, 4 and 2
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moldm^-3 respectively.
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A + 2B ⇌ 2C + D

What is the value of the equilibrium constant, Kc ?

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1
A 2
​
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B 2

C 8

1
D 8
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Question 36

Which statement describes the characteristics of a transition state relative to the

potential energy of the reactants and products?

A It is an unstable species with lower potential energy.

B It is an unstable species with higher potential energy.

C It is a stable species with lower potential energy.

D It is a stable species with higher potential energy.

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Question 37
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Which is correct about reaction mechanisms?

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A A species that is zero order does not take part in the reaction.
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B A catalyst does not take part in the reaction.

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C Reactants in a fast step before the slow step are included in the rate
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expression.

D Reactants in a fast step after the slow step are included in the rate expression.
Question 38
Which of the following statements about entropy (S) is correct?

A Entropy is a measure of the energy content of a system.

B The entropy of a perfect crystal is zero at absolute zero temperature (0 K).

C A decrease in entropy always indicates a spontaneous process.

D The units of entropy are typically expressed in joules per mole per degree
Celsius (J/mol°C).

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Question 39
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Which statement is correct for this reaction?

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F e2 O3 (s) + 3CO(g) → 2F e(s) + 3CO2 (g) ΔH = −26.6 kJ

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A 26.6 kJ are released for every mole of Fe produced.

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B 13.3 kJ are released for every mole of Fe produced.

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C 26.6 kJ are absorbed for every mole of Fe produced.

D 53.2 kJ are released for every mole of Fe produced.

Question 40
The reaction between hydrogen gas (H2 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) was studied
​ ​

under controlled conditions. The experiment involved mixing known concentrations

of H2 and NO2 in a reaction vessel and measuring the volume of gas produced over
​ ​

time using a gas syringe. Initial rates of the reaction were determined from the rate
of gas production at the start of each reaction. The results are shown in the table
below:

−3 −1
Experiment [H2 ] /moldm−3
​ [NO2 ] /moldm−3
​
Initial Rate /moldm s

1 0.100 0.200 1.44 × 10−3

2 0.200 0.200 2.88 × 10−3

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3 0.100 0.400 5.76 × 10−3

1.
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1. State the general form of the rate law for the reaction between
[1]
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2. Determine the order of the reaction with respect to H2 and NO2 using the
​ ​
[4]
data provided.

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3. Write the rate law for the reaction, including the rate constant k , and [3]
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calculate the value of k using Experiment 1. Include appropriate units for k .

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4. Predict the initial rate if [H2 ]
​ = 0.300 moldm−3 and [NO2 ] =
​
[2]
0.500 moldm−3 , based on your derived rate law.

5. Identify two systematic errors in this experiment related to the equipment [2]
used and explain how each could affect the accuracy of the rate law

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determination.

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6. Suggest a modification to the experimental setup to reduce each of the [2]

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systematic errors you identified in Question 6.

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Question 41
Hex-1-ene gas, C6 H12 , burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
​ ​

vapour.

1. Write an equation to represent this reaction. [1]

2. Use the data below to calculate the values of ΔHc⊖ and ΔSc⊖ for the
​ ​
[2]

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combustion of hex-1-ene.

Substance O2 (g) C6 H12 (g) CO2 (g) H2 O(g)

Standard enthalpy of
​

0.0
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​ ​

-394
​

-242
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−1
formation, ΔH ⊖
f /kJmol
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−1
Entropy, S⊖ /JK−1 mol 205 385 214 189
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3. Value of ΔHc⊖ [2]

4. Calculate the standard free energy change for the combustion of hex-1-ene. [2]

5. State and explain whether or not the combustion of hex-1-ene is [1]

spontaneous at 25°C.

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Question 42
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Which equation represents the standard enthalpy of formation of sodium oxide?

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A N a (g) + 1/4 O2 (g) → 1/2 N a2 O (g)

​ ​

B 4 N a (s) + O2 (g) → 2 N a2 O (s)

​ ​

C 2 N a (s) + 1/2 O2 (g) → N a2 O (s)

​ ​

D N a (s) + 1/4 O2 (g) → 1/2 N a2 O (s)

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Question 43
2.67 g of lead (II) carbonate is decomposed by heating until constant mass.

P bCO3 (s) → P bO (s) + CO2 (g)

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What is the final mass of solid?

A 0.44 g

B 2.23 g

C 2.67 g

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D 3.11 g

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Question 44
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Why is the value of the enthalpy change of this reaction calculated from bond
enthalpy data less accurate than that calculated from standard enthalpies of
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formation?
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2C2 H6 (g) + 7O2 (g) → 4CO2 (g) + 6H2 O(g)

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A All the reactants and products are gases.

B Standard enthalpies of formation are per mole.

C Elements do not have standard enthalpy of formation.

D Bond enthalpy data are average values for many compounds.

Question 45
Iron catalyses the reaction between aluminum and dilute hydrochloric acid.

Al(s) + HCl(aq) → AlCl3 (aq) + H2 (g)

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Why does iron affect the reaction?

A Decreases the activation energy

B Increases the activation energy

C Increases the enthalpy change

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D Decreases the enthalpy change

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Question 46
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Which equation represents the first ionization energy of chlorine?

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A Cl− (g) → Cl(g) + e−

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B Cl(g) → Cl+ (g) + e−

C Cl(g) + e− → Cl− (g)

D Cl+ (g) → Cl(g) + e−

Question 47
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0.02 mol of copper is added to 10.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm sulfuric acid.

Cu (s) + 2H2 S O4 (aq) → CuSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)

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How many moles of hydrogen are produced?

A 0.02

B 0.005

C 0.04

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D 0.01

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Question 48
A researcher wanted to determine the formula of gallium sulfate. He applied an
electrical current of 0.300 A to an aqueous solution of gallium sulfate for 9.00 × 10³ s
and found that 1.07 g of gallium metal deposited on the cathode.

1. Deduce the charge on the gallium ion and the formula of gallium sulfate. [2]

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2. Calculate the charge, in coulombs, passed during the electrolysis. (current I = [3]
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charge Q / time t)
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3. Calculate the amount, in mol, of electrons passed using section 2 of the data [1]
booklet.
4. Calculate the mass of gallium deposited by one mole of electrons. [2]

5. Calculate the number of moles of electrons required to deposit one mole of [3]
gallium. Relative atomic mass of gallium, Ar = 114.82.

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