Scribd
Upload
15 views14 pages

Citrus

Chapter 10 discusses the taxonomy, environmental requirements, and agronomy of citrus fruits, primarily focusing on their cultivation in West Africa. It covers the selection of sites, land preparation, cropping patterns, propagation methods, and the importance of rootstocks in enhancing yield and disease resistance. The chapter highlights the significance of citrus fruits in the international market and their various uses, including juice extraction and livestock feed.

Uploaded by

ridwankorede246
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
15 views14 pages

Citrus

Chapter 10 discusses the taxonomy, environmental requirements, and agronomy of citrus fruits, primarily focusing on their cultivation in West Africa. It covers the selection of sites, land preparation, cropping patterns, propagation methods, and the importance of rootstocks in enhancing yield and disease resistance. The chapter highlights the significance of citrus fruits in the international market and their various uses, including juice extraction and livestock feed.

Uploaded by

ridwankorede246
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
“Tr r US CHAPTER 10 Citrus Fruits HL Taxoxowy: 10.2. Chrmus axp 1s ENVIRONMENT 103. Agxonowy 10.3.1 Selection ofa site. - 103.2 Land preparation 103.3. Cropping pattern 1034 Plant propagation. 103.41. Propagation by seed. Jo3:fla Seed collection 103.416 Sowing. 1034.2 Vegetative propagation 10.35 Root stocks and their use in citr-culture 103.6 Transplanting. seca 103.7 Postsplanting maintenance operations. 1038 Production and harvesting. 104 Diseases oF Crs. . 10.4.1 Major diseases 102 Minor diseases 10.5. Insecr Pests Citrus species probably originated in north-eastern India in Burma ani adjoining areas. Early inthe spread of citrus, some species crossed into Chi ‘vnere the sweet orang, the mandarins and the kumquat developed. The the limes and the grapefruit appear to have developed and spread {to to the Near Eas and to the Mediterranean region. Citrus species wer to other parts of the word from the Mediterranean region Spain and Portugal were credited withthe honour of distributing vaio Gis f cist ir colonies in Amerie and Aiea for planting. jowever no accurate records to show when the various species of tr jin West Africa. dei Citrus species are grown’ principally for the juic ' i for the juices of their fru extraction ofthe juice the fruit pulpisa possible livestock fed: the rn! ‘nan expenivecommodi in theinternatonal market itrusseest} tain swectening agents which are being studied as a probable sib! sugar in the world market. rtd Liesl af 202 203 fest Africa. Most citrus fruits tion of citrus i yet to be organized of the various products obtainable cirrus cultivation is on a small scale in W, pended ae consumed Leal. The eu encouraged SO a 60 maximize the use fro te fruits 10.1 TAXONOMY ‘he commonly grown Citrus species belong to the family Rutaceae which ‘The most important Citrus species grown in West Africa are as follows: sweet orange Citrus sinensis Sour orange Citrus aurantim i Citrus auranijotia Lemon Citrus limon King orange Citrus sinensis Citrsreicuana - fae Citrus retiewiata Graeftuit Citrus paradisi Shaddock (pomelo) Citrus grandis. Tenge Citrus paradisi x Cirasrevieulata (an interspecific hybrid) Citrus species are evergreen trees of small to medium stature. They often have thorny (prickly) stems. The leaves are unifoliate, petolated and quite often the petioles are winged. Flowers are perfect, usualy large, fragrant, mostly white, The leaves, twigs and rind of the fruits contain oil glands which secrete the rind oil (acid) of commerce (see Figure 3). Citrus fruits are small to large with leathery rind, yellow to orange in colour when ripe, pulp and juice may vary in taste from sweet to acid, the fruit segments mnay vary from 8 to 18, but usually are 10 to 14, Seeds may be many, few, oF none asin the tangelo, Flowers are caried singly or in small clusters; they ate sweet scented, and with five-membered perianth segments. Stamens are numerous, usually assembled into five groups. The filaments of each group are partially united atthe base. ‘The ovary is superior, with axile placentation. It is surmounted by a short style With a globular stigma which bears as many passages as there are loculi. The styles deciduous. Generally in citrus the androecium and the gynaecium mature atthe same time. However, some degree of protandry has been exhibited in Some newly bred varieties of citrus. Pollination in citrus is brought about by insects especially the bees. The pollinating insects are attracted to the fowers by the conspicuous corolla, the abundant nectar and the strong scent produced by the trees. Pollen grains are sticky and easily transplanted by insects oss-pollination is generally the case, but selfing occasionally occurs. 204 eat wi erated ee Re — \4] | Ff eam \ i Wing Sepa! Flower — Ovary Axilary st Z Diacentaton ~ bite — Padunle (a) Twig of et with airy lower {b) Longituina setion of ets flower Embryo Nvellus endosperm 218 — pollen tbe Remains of Intepument __placentation Mieropyle— Segment lap) {c) Longitudinal setionmierpyle ena (a) Transverse section of citrus frit of onl adil end Plumulr end Testa _> Inner see cost Micropyar end “+ Chalazal end ~~ Cotvledon Embcyo (© Longitudinal sston of citrus ses Figure 23.’ Morphological features of itrus ‘A number of peculiar biological phenomena occur in the production of cis The ee these is the eocurrence of nucllus(nucelir) embryos, Nucelit embryos form a type of apomiais in which one or mote ‘embryos arise from # Petes stimulation by the process of fertilization, which occurs if rosomes. When, however, such ‘embryos arise from the synergids apt embryo i haploid, Such haploid a ie di ogi ines therefore, norma feristion cele 10 ‘embryos, but often nucellar embr ue erally diploid a nthe nucels or integument ties ete 2 atte is fequent occurrence of polyembryon ‘he ovale he rut ofthe citrus i a berry in which the eocatp and them say mtr aon a oy The pes ofthe rts teed with hick cuticle. Stomata occur in the epidermal laers ofthe cel soeocar ba thick layer of iregulary shaped parechynn a's eh 2 es and stints ops ake is Sunes There ate numerous ol land in the exocarpe tase, The det sae filled with essential oil Known as ius rnd olin te wade, The sketrum ofthe oil varies fFom one species of cms to the ete, Dut the 2reertin ofthe ol an essential side enterprise ofthe cts indus. is seods occur within the bety and are embeded inthe jue ses of ac ecls, very close to the central axis. Chem, the situs jue on

You might also like